SPS Machine as a Vacuum Test Bench for the Electron Cloud Studies with LHC Type Beams
Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012
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Transcript of Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012
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Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012 G. Iadarola, H.Bartosik, F. Caspers, S. Federmann, M.Holz,
H. Neupert, G. Rumolo, M. Taborelli
LIU Beam studies review – 28/08/2012
Many thanks to:G. Arduini, T. Argyropoulos, T. Bohl, S. Cettour Cave, K. Cornelis, H. Damerau,
B. Goddard, M. Driss Mensi, J. Esteban Mullet, S. Federmann, F. Follin, W. Hofle, Y. Papaphilippou, B. Salvant, E. Shaposhnikova, H. Timko, A. Ulsroed, U. Werhle
Special thanks to all the SPS operator crew
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Studies in 2012: what we have learnt
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb)
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb)
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• Strip detector measurements with MBA and MBB profiles
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Intensity scan for strip detector measurements
Where does the dynamic pressure rise in aC coated chambers come from?
• Dedicated experiment with solenoid on aC coated drift
How can we learn more about the electron cloud effect?
• Data acquisition for models/code validation and benchmarking
• Development of microwave transmission technique
• Shielded pickup measurements
![Page 4: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Studies in 2012: what we have learnt
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb)
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb)
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• Strip detector measurements with MBA and MBB profiles
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Intensity scan for strip detector measurements
Where does the dynamic pressure rise in aC coated chambers come from?
• Dedicated experiment with solenoid on aC coated drift
How can we learn more about the electron cloud effect?
• Data acquisition for models/code validation and benchmarking
• Development of microwave transmission technique
• Shielded pickup measurements
![Page 5: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
LHC 25ns beam (nominal intensity)
We are profiting of scrubbing accumulated over the years. No visible signature of the electron cloud is observed on the beam!
![Page 6: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
LHC 25ns beam (nominal intensity)
We are profiting of scrubbing accumulated over the years. No visible signature of the electron cloud is observed on the beam!
Transverse emittance
Vertical
Vertical2000 (1 batch 0.8x1011ppb) 2012 (4 batches 1.15x1011ppb)
No emittance growth in 2012 with 4 batches• With low chromaticity in both planes• Identical behavior of all 4 batches • No blow-up along bunch train
G. Arduini, K. Cornelis et al.
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Horizontal
Horizontal
LHC 25ns beam (nominal intensity)
We are profiting of scrubbing accumulated over the years. No visible signature of the electron cloud is observed on the beam!
Transverse emittance
2000 (1 batch 0.8x1011ppb) 2012 (4 batches 1.15x1011ppb)
No emittance growth in 2012 with 4 batches• With low chromaticity in both planes• Identical behavior of all 4 batches • No blow-up along bunch train
G. Arduini, K. Cornelis et al.
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LHC 25ns beam (nominal intensity)
Vertical
2000 (one batch) 2012 (four batches)
ΔQ>0.02ΔQ<0.005
G. Arduini, K. Cornelis et al.
Positive tune shift! (dominated by ecloud)
Negative tune shift! (dominated by resistive wall impedance?)
We are profiting of scrubbing accumulated over the years. No visible signature of the electron cloud is observed on the beam.
Bunch by bunch tune
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LHC 25ns beam (nominal intensity)
We are profiting of scrubbing accumulated over the years. No visible signature of the electron cloud is observed on the beam.
Chromaticity
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
DAYS
BLO
W-U
P
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
CH
RO
MA
TIC
ITY
/ IN
TEN
SITY
[1
0^13
]
BLOW-UPCHROMATICITYINTENSITY
2012
No need for large chromaticity in 2012 with 4 batches of 1.15x1011p/b
• No instability or beam degradation with chromaticity around 0.1
2002 - G. Arduini, K. Cornelis et al.
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LHC 25ns beam (nominal intensity): dynamic pressure rise
72b.
144b.216b.
288b.
One gauge per arc (26 GeV, 23s cycle)
Q26 Q20
Together with effects on the beam, the dynamic pressure rise is the only other
observable to qualify the present conditioning state of the SPS ring.
Ramarks:
• In 2012 the pressure rise is smaller by a
factor 104 w.r.t. beginning 2002!
(>=1week scrubbing runs in 2002, 2003,
2004, 2006, 2007)
• Not clear if still dominated by EC (seems
to be enhanced by losses)
• No particular difference between Q20
and Q26
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Studies in 2012: what we have learnt
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb)
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb)
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• Strip detector measurements with MBA and MBB profiles
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Intensity scan for strip detector measurements
Where does the dynamic pressure rise in aC coated chambers come from?
• Dedicated experiment with solenoid on aC coated drift
How can we learn more about the electron cloud effect?
• Data acquisition for models/code validation and benchmarking
• Development of microwave transmission technique
• Shielded pickup measurements
![Page 12: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
72b.
144b.
LHC 25ns beam (ultimate intensity): dynamic pressure rise
One gauge per arc (26 GeV, 23s cycle)1.2e11 ppb 1.7e11 ppb
Ramarks:
Pressure rise in the arcs much stronger (x4 or
more) than with nominal intensity.
Compatible with e-cloud:
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LHC 25ns beam (ultimate intensity): dynamic pressure rise
Ramarks:
Pressure rise in the arcs much stronger (x4 or
more) than with nominal intensity.
Compatible with e-cloud:
• for higher intensity the e-cloud can extend
to non conditioned regions
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LHC 25ns beam (ultimate intensity): dynamic pressure rise
Ramarks:
Pressure rise in the arcs much stronger (x4 or
more) than with nominal intensity.
Compatible with e-cloud:
• for higher intensity the e-cloud can extend
to non conditioned regions
• Preliminary tests with radial steering on
50ns beam seem to confirm this
explanation
![Page 15: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
LHC 25ns beam (ultimate intensity): dynamic pressure rise
Ramarks:
Pressure rise in the arcs much stronger (x4 or
more) than with nominal intensity.
Compatible with e-cloud:
• for higher intensity the e-cloud can extend
to non conditioned regions
• Preliminary tests with radial steering on
50ns beam seem to confirm this
explanation
• Indications of conditioning were observed
within a few hours of run with this
intensity
![Page 16: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
LHC 25ns beam (ultimate intensity): dynamic pressure rise
Ramarks:
Pressure rise in the arcs much stronger (x4 or
more) than with nominal intensity.
Compatible with e-cloud:
• for higher intensity the e-cloud can extend
to non conditioned regions
• Preliminary tests with radial steering on
50ns beam seem to confirm this
explanation
• Indications of conditioning were observed
within a few hours of run with this
intensity
Bunch by bunch emittance/tune measurements to be done
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Studies in 2012: what we have learnt
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb)
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb)
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• Strip detector measurements with MBA and MBB profiles
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Intensity scan for strip detector measurements
Where does the dynamic pressure rise in aC coated chambers come from?
• Dedicated experiment with solenoid on aC coated drift
How can we learn more about the electron cloud effect?
• Data acquisition for models/code validation and benchmarking
• Development of microwave transmission technique
• Shielded pickup measurements
![Page 18: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Strip detectors: MBA vs MBB
MBA MBB
Ramarks:
• MBA is less critical than MBB (risetime, total flux, central density)
![Page 19: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Strip detectors: MBA vs MBB
Measurements with 50ns beam before and after few hours of scrubbing with 25ns beam
MBA MBB
Before scrubbing After scrubbing
Ramarks:
• Consistent with simulation estimations (δth=2. for MBA, δth=1.6 for MBB for
50ns beam)
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Studies in 2012: what we have learnt
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb)
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb)
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• Strip detector measurements with MBA and MBB profiles
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Intensity scan for strip detector measurements
Where does the dynamic pressure rise in aC coated chambers come from?
• Dedicated experiment with solenoid on aC coated drift
How can we learn more about the electron cloud effect?
• Data acquisition for models/code validation and benchmarking
• Development of microwave transmission technique
• Shielded pickup measurements
![Page 21: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Strip detectors – dependence on bunch intensity
MBA MBB
Ramarks:
• MBA is less critical than MBB
• E-cloud in the central region (important for beam quality) is non increasing with
bunch intensity (consistent with our EC model )
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Strip detectors
MBA MBB
Ramarks:
• MBA is less critical than MBB
• E-cloud in the central region (important for beam quality) is non increasing with
bunch intensity (consistent with our EC model )
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Strip detectors
MBA MBB
Ramarks:
• MBA is less critical than MBB
• E-cloud in the central region (important for beam quality) is non increasing with
bunch intensity (consistent with our EC model )
![Page 24: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Studies in 2012: what we have learnt
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb)
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb)
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• Strip detector measurements with MBA and MBB profiles
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Intensity scan for strip detector measurements
Where does the dynamic pressure rise in aC coated chambers come from?
• Dedicated experiment with solenoid on aC coated drift
How can we learn more about the electron cloud effect?
• Data acquisition for models/code validation and benchmarking
• Development of microwave transmission technique
• Shielded pickup measurements
![Page 25: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Pressure rise in aC coated chambers
C coated drift tube
= carbon coated
External solenoidon StSt bellow(L=128 mm)
External solenoid on StSt chamber (L=850 mm)
Central solenoidon carbon coated chamber
(L=12324 mm)
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0.E+00
1.E-07
2.E-07
3.E-07
4.E-07
5.E-07
15:59:00 16:03:30 16:08:00 16:12:30
Pres
sure
[mba
r]
Time [hh:mm:ss]
VGHB_51401
VGHB_51440
VGHB_51480
edge coil (StSt) : on offcentral coil (C ) : on off
C coated drift tube StSt StSt
The dynamic pressure rise is influenced only by the external solenoids: no e-cloud related pressure rise in the carbon coated drift section
Pressure rise in aC coated chambers
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Q Q
MBBMBB MBA MBA MBB MBBMBB MBBGIX
Delta p [mbar]
Q
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
3E-08
2012-03-28 15:36:002012-03-28 15:40:34edge solenoids on
Δp
The profile shows that the Δp to 51420, 51440 and 51460 strongly decreases and peripheral regions are not affected.
Pressure rise in aC coated chambers
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Studies in 2012: what we have learnt
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb)
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb)
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• Strip detector measurements with MBA and MBB profiles
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Intensity scan for strip detector measurements
Where does the dynamic pressure rise in aC coated chambers come from?
• Dedicated experiment with solenoid on aC coated drift
How can we learn more about the electron cloud effect?
• Data acquisition for models/code validation and benchmarking
• Development of microwave transmission technique
• Shielded pickup measurements
![Page 29: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Studies in 2012: what we have learnt
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb)
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb)
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• Strip detector measurements with MBA and MBB profiles
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Intensity scan for strip detector measurements
Where does the dynamic pressure rise in aC coated chambers come from?
• Dedicated experiment with solenoid on aC coated drift
How can we learn more about the electron cloud effect?
• Data acquisition for models/code validation and benchmarking
• Development of microwave transmission technique
• Shielded pickup measurements
![Page 30: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Microwave transmission setup
SG: signal generatorVSA: vector spectrum analyzer
• The setup detects the phase modulation introduced by the electron cloud on an EM
wave traveling along the beam pipe
• In 2012 measurements have been performed over the length of two consecutive,
uncoated SPS MBB-type dipoles
F. Caspers, S. Federmann, M. Holz
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SG: signal generatorVSA: vector spectrum analyzer
• The setup detects the phase modulation introduced by the electron cloud on an EM
wave traveling along the beam pipe
• In 2012 measurements have been performed over the length of two consecutive,
uncoated SPS MBB-type dipolesDisplay of the vector spectrum analyzer during a measurement with a visible phase shift due to electron cloud presence.Strong phase-modulated reference signal at 42 kHz and weak e-cloud induced phase modulation at 43.45 kHz (SPS revolution frequency)
F. Caspers, S. Federmann, M. Holz
Microwave transmission setup
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F. Caspers, S. Federmann, M. Holz
Top:clear increase of the phase-modulated e-cloud signal from the second batch injection on.
Bottom:Batch injection can be seen as spikes in amplitude-demodulated part.
[scrubbing run, March 2012]
Microwave transmission setup
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F. Caspers, S. Federmann, M. Holz
Microwave transmission setup
Possible further improvements:
• The new spectrum analyzer enables us to record much more data:
o Measuring with an increased bandwidth of 1 MHz (former 100 kHz) and include harmonics of the phase-modulated signal;
o Reconstruct phase shift along the bunch train to compare with e-cloud build-up simulations
• With help of the reference signal, whose phase shift is known and pre-set, the phase shift of the EC induced signal can be quantified, providing first quantitative estimations of the average EC density in the measured dipoles;
• Once this measurement technique is optimized and fully developed, it could serve as online monitoring of the average e-cloud density (remote acquisition from the CCC to be setup)
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Studies in 2012: what we have learnt
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb)
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb)
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• Strip detector measurements with MBA and MBB profiles
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Intensity scan for strip detector measurements
Where does the dynamic pressure rise in aC coated chambers come from?
• Dedicated experiment with solenoid on aC coated drift
How can we learn more about the electron cloud effect?
• Data acquisition for models/code validation and benchmarking
• Development of microwave transmission technique
• Shielded pickup measurements
![Page 35: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-0.05
0
0.05
e-cl
oud
sign
al
Time [s]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
Bea
m s
igna
l
Time [s]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-0.01
0
0.01
Bea
m s
igna
l
Time [s]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4e-
clou
d si
gnal
Time [s]
Raw data Filtered signals
Shielded pickup measurements
A shielded pickup (prepared by F. Caspers. E. Mahner and T. Kroyer in 2007) has
been reinstalled in the SPS.
Remote data acquisition has been setup and a digital filter has been applied in
order to get the ecloud related signal .
![Page 36: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Shielded pickup measurementsThe memory effect between batches is clearly visible.
![Page 37: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Shielded pickup measurementsThe memory effect between batches is clearly visible.
![Page 38: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Shielded pickup measurementsThe memory effect between batches is clearly visible.
![Page 39: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Shielded pickup measurementsThe memory effect between batches is clearly visible.
![Page 40: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Studies in 2012: summary
![Page 41: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Studies in 2012: summary
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb): we are profiting of the scrubbing accumulated over the years. In 2012 no visible signature of the EC (on the cycle timescale);
![Page 42: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Studies in 2012: summary
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb): we are profiting of the scrubbing accumulated over the years. In 2012 no visible signature of the EC (on the cycle timescale);
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb): EC extends over a larger part of the chamber’s wall, reaches un-scrubbed regions, resulting in a strong pressure rise further scrubbing needed
![Page 43: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Studies in 2012: summary
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb): we are profiting of the scrubbing accumulated over the years. In 2012 no visible signature of the EC (on the cycle timescale);
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb): EC extends over a larger part of the chamber’s wall, reaches un-scrubbed regions, resulting in a strong pressure rise further scrubbing needed
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• ECM measurements confirm that MBB is more critical than MBA
![Page 44: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Studies in 2012: summary
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb): we are profiting of the scrubbing accumulated over the years. In 2012 no visible signature of the EC (on the cycle timescale);
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb): EC extends over a larger part of the chamber’s wall, reaches un-scrubbed regions, resulting in a strong pressure rise further scrubbing needed
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• ECM measurements confirm that MBB is more critical than MBA
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Stripes move farther from the beam, central density not increasing (less critical for the beam)
![Page 45: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Studies in 2012: summary
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb): we are profiting of the scrubbing accumulated over the years. In 2012 no visible signature of the EC (on the cycle timescale);
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb): EC extends over a larger part of the chamber’s wall, reaches un-scrubbed regions, resulting in a strong pressure rise further scrubbing needed
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• ECM measurements confirm that MBB is more critical than MBA
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Stripes move farther from the beam, central density not increasing (less critical for the beam)
Where does the dynamic pressure rise in aC coated chambers come from?
• Dedicated experiment with solenoid on aC coated drift has shown no EC contribution due to the coated chamber itself
![Page 46: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Studies in 2012: summary
What is the status LHC 25ns beam in the SPS?
• Nominal intensity (1.2e11 ppb): we are profiting of the scrubbing accumulated over the years. In 2012 no visible signature of the EC (on the cycle timescale);
• Ultimate intensity (1.7e11 ppb): EC extends over a larger part of the chamber’s wall, reaches un-scrubbed regions, resulting in a strong pressure rise further scrubbing needed
In case coating is needed, which are the most critical parts?
• ECM measurements confirm that MBB is more critical than MBA
What do we expect for increasing bunch intensities?
• Stripes move farther from the beam, central density not increasing (less critical for the beam)
Where does the dynamic pressure rise in aC coated chambers come from?
• Dedicated experiment with solenoid on aC coated drift has shown no EC contribution due to the coated chamber itself
How can we learn more about the electron cloud effect?
• Progresses in MW transmission and shielded pickup measurements
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Studies in 2012: what could still be done
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Studies in 2012: what could still be done
Further studies with ultimate intensity 25ns beam:
• Beam characterization (looking for EC indications)
• Look for vacuum conditioning along the ring and for scrubbing on the liners
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Studies in 2012: what could still be done
Further studies with ultimate intensity 25ns beam:
• Beam characterization (looking for EC indications)
• Look for vacuum conditioning along the ring and for scrubbing on the liners
Look for incoherent effects on the nominal 25ns on a longer timescale:
• Coast 25ns beam at 26GeV
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Studies in 2012: what could still be done
Further studies with ultimate intensity 25ns beam:
• Beam characterization (looking for EC indications)
• Look for vacuum conditioning along the ring and for scrubbing on the liners
Look for incoherent effects on the nominal 25ns on a longer timescale:
• Coast 25ns beam at 26GeV
Scrubbing in the machine and in the lab: are we facing the same mechanism?
• Copper liner installed for comparison
• Measure the StSt removable sample (in the machine for the entire 2012 run)
• Analyze dark layer observed in dipoles and pumping port RF shields
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Studies in 2012: what could still be done
Further studies with ultimate intensity 25ns beam:
• Beam characterization (looking for EC indications)
• Look for vacuum conditioning along the ring and for scrubbing on the liners
Look for incoherent effects on the nominal 25ns on a longer timescale:
• Coast 25ns beam at 26GeV
Scrubbing in the machine and in the lab: are we facing the same mechanism?
• Copper liner installed for comparison
• Measure the StSt removable sample (in the machine for the entire 2012 run)
• Analyze dark layer observed in dipoles and pumping port RF shields
![Page 52: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Studies in 2012: what could still be done
Further studies with ultimate intensity 25ns beam:
• Beam characterization (looking for EC indications)
• Look for vacuum conditioning along the ring and for scrubbing on the liners
Look for incoherent effects on the nominal 25ns on a longer timescale:
• Coast 25ns beam at 26GeV
Scrubbing in the machine and in the lab: are we facing the same mechanism?
• Copper liner installed for comparison
• Measure the StSt removable sample (in the machine for the entire 2012 run)
• Analyze dark layer observed in dipoles and pumping port RF shields
![Page 53: Electron cloud status @ SPS in 2012](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568161a3550346895dd15d42/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Studies in 2012: what could still be done
Further studies with ultimate intensity 25ns beam:
• Beam characterization (looking for EC indications)
• Look for vacuum conditioning along the ring and for scrubbing on the liners
Look for incoherent effects on the nominal 25ns on a longer timescale:
• Coast 25ns beam at 26GeV
Scrubbing in the machine and in the lab: are we facing the same mechanism?
• Copper liner installed for comparison
• Measure the StSt removable sample (in the machine for the entire 2012 run)
• Analyze dark layer observed in dipoles and pumping port RF shields
Repeat the experiment with the solenoids (conditioning expected on StSt parts)
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Studies in 2012: what could still be done
Further studies with ultimate intensity 25ns beam:
• Beam characterization (looking for EC indications)
• Look for vacuum conditioning along the ring and for scrubbing on the liners
Look for incoherent effects on the nominal 25ns on a longer timescale:
• Coast 25ns beam at 26GeV
Scrubbing in the machine and in the lab: are we facing the same mechanism?
• Copper liner installed for comparison
• Measure the StSt removable sample (in the machine for the entire 2012 run)
• Analyze dark layer observed in dipoles and pumping port RF shields
Repeat the experiment with the solenoids (conditioning expected on StSt parts)
Understand how localized is the scrubbed region by displacing the beam (radial steering)
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LS1 and post-LS1
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LS1 and post-LS1
During LS1 it will be crucial to preserve the vacuum of the SPS as much as possible:
• Limit vented portions and duration of the exposition to air
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LS1 and post-LS1
During LS1 it will be crucial to preserve the vacuum of the SPS as much as possible:
• Limit vented portions and duration of the exposition to air
Scrubbing run needed after LS1 to provide beam to the LHC (especially 25ns beam):
• Long cycle (>40s) needed to be efficient, other long users in parallel to be avoided (ideally SPS scrubbing before LHC start-up)
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LS1 and post-LS1
During LS1 it will be crucial to preserve the vacuum of the SPS as much as possible:
• Limit vented portions and duration of the exposition to air
Scrubbing run needed after LS1 to provide beam to the LHC (especially 25ns beam):
• Long cycle (>40s) needed to be efficient, other long users in parallel to be avoided (ideally SPS scrubbing before LHC start-up)
aC coating:
• Installation of two fully coated cells will be completed during LS1 for tests on static and dynamic pressure rise (in comparison with StSt) and robustness of the coating after 1-2 years of operation
• Long aC coated drift with solenoid to be replaced with StSt one for comparison
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LS1 and post-LS1
During LS1 it will be crucial to preserve the vacuum of the SPS as much as possible:
• Limit vented portions and duration of the exposition to air
Scrubbing run needed after LS1 to provide beam to the LHC (especially 25ns beam):
• Long cycle (>40s) needed to be efficient, other long users in parallel to be avoided (ideally SPS scrubbing before LHC start-up)
aC coating:
• Installation of two fully coated cells will be completed during LS1 for tests on static and dynamic pressure rise (in comparison with StSt) and robustness of the coating after 1-2 years of operation
• Long aC coated drift with solenoid to be replaced with StSt one for comparison
Towards high brightness:
• After LS1, profit of “high brightness” RF schemes available in the PS to explore the sensitivity of these beams to the EC in the SPS
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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Introduction
Results of electron cloud studies (typically 25ns beam, more focus 26GeV) from:
• 2012 SPS Scrubbing Run (26-30 March)
• Dedicated MD 25 April
• Floating MD 22 May
• Dedicated MD 25 June
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2012 SPS Scrubbing Run
Accumulated 25ns dose
Main limitation: heating of unshielded MKE(LHC commissioning in parallel, cooldown periods needed)
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Dynamic pressure rise
Together with effects on the beam, the dynamic pressure rise is the only other
observable to qualify the present conditioning state of the SPS ring.
26 GeV
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Typical pressure rise profile (25ns)
Dynamic pressure rise
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Arcs
26 GeVTypical pressure rise profile (25ns)
Time evolution on a few selected gauges:
• One per arc (between two MBB)
Dynamic pressure rise
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Arcs
Point 5
26 GeVTypical pressure rise profile (25ns)
Time evolution on a few selected gauges:
• One per arc (between two MBB)
• Three gauges around point 5 (highest
press. rise observed in the ring - e-cloud
equipments, UA9, BBLR)
Dynamic pressure rise
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Arcs
Point 5
Dynamic pressure rise – effect of losses
Cycle with nominal settings
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Dynamic pressure rise – effect of losses
Cycle with low RF voltage
Arcs
Point 5
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Arcs
Point 5
Dynamic pressure rise – effect of losses
Cycle with nominal settings
• Quite uniform pressure increase in the arcs
• No strong effect in the straight sections
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Dynamic pressure rise – effect of losses
Cycle with low RF voltage
Arcs
Point 5
• Quite uniform pressure increase in the arcs
• No strong effect in the straight sections
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Arcs
Point 5
Dynamic pressure rise – effect of losses
Cycle with nominal settings
Opposite behavior! Can be explained if:• In the arcs we are dominated by
losses• Electron cloud is developing in some
of the equipment in Point 5 (UA9, BBLR, e-cloud equipment, not entirely conditioned, frequently vented)
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Dynamic pressure rise – effect of losses
Cycle with low RF voltage
Opposite behavior! Can be explained if:• In the arcs we are dominated by
losses• Electron cloud is developing in some
of the equipment in Point 5 (UA9, BBLR, e-cloud equipment, not entirely conditioned, frequently vented)
Arcs
Point 5
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Cycle with low vertical chromaticity (<0.05), transverse instability
Dynamic pressure rise – effect of losses
Arcs
Point 5
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Strip detectors
C. Y. Vallgren et al., PRSTAB
Very powerful tool since they allows to measure the horizontal profile of the electron
flux to the wall (av. over 10 – 100 ms) , but:
• It is not representative of the present conditioning state of the machine
• The holes may significantly affect (slow down) the conditioning of the chamber
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Strip detectors – “microbatches”
Nominal Microbatch
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Strip detectors – “microbatches”
Nominal Microbatch
~ 30%
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Strip detectors – “microbatches”
Nominal Microbatch
~50%
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Strip detectors – conditioning
Warning: expected to be slower than in “real” bending magnets!
2012 Scrubbing run
MBB
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2012 Scrubbing run
MBB
Strip detectors – conditioning
Warning: expected to be slower than in “real” bending magnets!
Kicker conditioning (March 2012)
Scrubbing Run - 20120.00E+00
1.00E+22
2.00E+22
3.00E+22
4.00E+22
5.00E+22
6.00E+22
Scru
bbin
g be
am d
ose
[p+ ] B = 0 B = 0.12T
Not much conditioning observed during SR, but the
liner had been already exposed to 25ns beam
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Warning: expected to be slower than in “real” bending magnets!
Strip detectors – conditioning
2012 Scrubbing run
MD 25/04/2012 (few h.)
MBB
MBB
MBA
~40%
~ 40%
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Strip detectors – conditioning
MBA MBB
The conditioned area can be localized with horizontal displacements of beam in the ECM
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Strip detectors – conditioning
Measurements with 50ns beam before and after few hours of scrubbing
MBA MBB
Before scrubbing After scrubbing
Ramarks:
• MBA is less critical than MBB