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Prof. Dr. Willi DiezInstitute for Automotive Research

Nürtingen-Geislingen UniversityProf. Dr. Norbert Schreier

Center of Automotive Service Technology (CAST)Automotive Engineering Faculty, Esslingen University of Applied Sciences

World of Energy SolutionsStuttgart, 02. Oktober 2013

Electromobility – implications for after sales Presentation of preliminary study results

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Objectives of the study

• The electrification of the powertrain causes a change of the technicalconfiguration of vehicles

• The objective of the study is to estimate and evaluate the effects on employment in the after sales sector

• All kinds of electrification are included in the analysis (Full Hybrid, Plug-in-Hybrid, BEV, Fuel Cell)

• Not only the impact on employment in dealerships and repair shopsbut also in the area of automotive suppliers will be considered

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Methodology of the study

Quelle: http://www.eimansberger.de/images/2010-Direktannahme_mit_Personen.jpg

Effects ofelectrification on

maintenanceand repair work

Market shares ofdifferent types ofelectrified power

trains

Market shares ofdifferent types ofelectrified power

trains

Direct impacts on employment causedby electrification in

dealerships andrepair shops

Indirect impacts on employment causedby electrification in

dealerships andrepair shops

Total effectTotal effect

Impacts on employment in

the partsindustry

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2000 2013

Employees in dealershipsand repair shops

526.000

453.000

-14 %

General situation in the after sales sector in Germany

Sources: ZDK/VDA/Institut für Automobilwirtschaft (IFA) 2012Source: DAT-Report, years 1993-2013 (*) per passenger car and station wagon

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

1,2

Num

ber o

f mai

nten

ance

and

repa

ir w

ork

per c

ar/y

ear

Trend of maintenance- andrepair work

Repair Maintenance

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Forecast by dealers and repairers (n=142):Which factors will have a positive or negative impact on after sales volume?

Challenges in the service market of the future

Rising qualitiy of cars

Decreasing frequency of loss

Increasing price sensitivity of customers

Increase of electronic parts in cars

Increase of the complexity of vehicles

Information and communication technologies in the car

New power train, especially electrification

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Reduced Or Obsolete Work Tasks

Reduced scale of operations for battery electric vehicles:

All maintenance incurred on internal combustion engine such as:

• Oil change• Spark plug change• Air filter change• Timing belt replacement• …

Reduced scale of operations for hybrid electric vehicles:

none

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Before starting work:

1. Disconnect / isolate HV-System2. Protection against reconnection3. Determine voltage free status4. Earthing and short-circuiting5. Cover and safeguard neighboring live parts

Additional Work Tasks Dealing With High Voltage

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Visual inspection of the HV-System

Replacing / dehydration of the dryer cartridge

Visual inspection of the gas equipment system (Fuel-Cell vehicles)

Additional Work Tasks: inspections

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Safety Requirements For Persons Performing Electrical Work

Requirements are defined in various standards and VDE requirements, particularly in:

• Accident Prevention Regulation

• DIN VDE 0105-100 • DIN VDE 1000-10

„ Electrical systems and equipment“ (BGV/GUV-V A3)„Operation of electrical installations“„Requirements for persons working in the field of

electrical engineering“

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Safety: Risk Assesment And Measurements

Based on the standards and laws represented a risk assessment for repair shops has to be created:

Organizational measures• Instruction manual• Health and safety briefing• Responsible electrically

qualified person

Technical measures• Operating equipment

Personal measures• Continuing education and

qualification• Personal protective

equipment

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Qualifications

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Tools & Equipment

Storage of equipment

Insulated tool DIN EN 60900

Meters

Insulation materials

Barriers

Warning sign

Personal protectiveequipment

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Appointment preparation

Appointment agreement

Follow up/Corrective measures

Return of Vehicle /Accounting

Vehicle acceptance and

inspection/order creation

Performance of service and repair work

Quality control/Preparation for

vehicle handover

Work Processes

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Effects of electrification on after sales: BEV Mini car (A00-Segment)

- in hours - ICE Mini car

BEVMini car

Difference

Maintenance 210,0 211,0 +1

Repair 59,5 22,0 -37,5

Brakes 31,0 22,0

Clutch 25,5 0,0

Exhaust system 3,0 0,0

Total 269,5 233,0 -36,5

Difference (in %)-13,5

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Effects of electrification on after sales: Plug-in Hybrid Compact car (C-Segment)

- in hours - ICE Compact car

Plug-in Hybrid Compact car

Difference

Maintenance 228,0 221,0 -7,0

Repair 60,5 47,5 -13,0

Brakes 55,0 42,0

Clutch 0,0 0,0

Exhaust system 5,5 5,5

Total 288,5 268,5 -20,0

Difference (in %)-6,9

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Effects of electrification on after sales: Full Hybrid Luxury Car (F-Segment)

- in hours - ICE Luxury Car

Full Hybrid Luxury Car

Difference

Maintenance 331,0 331,0 0,0

Repair 80,5 64,5 -16,0

Brakes 70,0 54,0

Clutch 0,0 0,0

Exhaust system 10,5 10,5

Total 411,5 395,5 -16,0

Difference (in %)-3,9

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Preliminary conclusion: ICE vs. electrified power trains

The after sales volume for BEV is significantly lower than for ICEeffect on repair work stronger than on maintenance

Plug-in-Hybrids also have a lower demand for maintenance and repairwork

There is only a small difference of workload between ICE and FullHybrid Vehicles

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Methodology of the study

Quelle: http://www.eimansberger.de/images/2010-Direktannahme_mit_Personen.jpg

Effects ofelectrification on

maintenanceand repair work

Market shares ofdifferent types ofelectrified power

trains

Market shares ofdifferent types ofelectrified power

trains

Direct impacts on employment causedby electrification in

dealerships andrepair shops

Indirect impacts on employment causedby electrification in

dealerships andrepair shops

Total effectTotal effect

Impacts on employment in

the partsindustry

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Calculation modell for the direct impact on workload in after sales

Difference ofworkload betweenICE and electrified

power trains

Share of electrifiedand non-electrified

power traintechnology at total

car parc

X = Direct effect on after sales

volume

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Hypotheses to the indirect impacts on employment in the repair shop business

• Investments in additional workshop facilities relatively low

• Electrification requires no additional staff in the repair shop

• There will be no structural change in favour of bigger repair shops

We expect a relative small impact on employment bychanging repair shop formats!

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Summary

• The effect of electrification of power train technology on employmentin after sales depends on their future share at total car parc

• BEV technology requires significantly lower repair work, Plug-in-Hybrids have a lower demand on repair and maintenance work,the differences between Full Hybrid and ICE vehicles are small

• Qualitative effects on employment in after sales may be stronger thanquantitative

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Summary

• Safety will be a major topic in the workshop

• New maintenance and repair work tasks will be in HV electrics, battery technology and leightweight materials

• Electrified drivetrains will also speed up by-wire systems, telematicsand car-to-x communication

• New technologies in the workshop will require some efforts in qualification and a revised competence profile of the staff

• Work processes and tools need to be analysed and adjusted

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Electromobility –implications for

after salesPresentation of preliminary study

results

Prof. Dr. Willi DiezProf. Dr. Norbert Schreier

Quelle: ABS 2005