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ELECTRIFICATION: KEY TO

DECARBONIZATION AND RECARBONIZATION

Earl GoetheerEarl GoetheerEarl GoetheerEarl Goetheer

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Together with universities

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DEVELOPMENT

In public-private partnership with partners from the triple helix

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1379PUBLICATIONS

58PROFESSORS

958PATENTS 2900

FTE RESEARCH

MORE THAN

WE DO THIS BY TAKING A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

PERSONAL

MOTIVATION

4

5

1912 !!

6

‘’Human activity, by

using coal and gasoline,

is creating carbon

dioxide. In case this

theory (greenhouse

effect) is correct, this

means that we are not

going to have strong

winters anymore and

that summers will

gradually get warmer’’.

7

8

Direct and indirect industrial emissions (28 percent of global CO2e emissions) require turnaround from growth to a steep decline to reach 2050 targets

GtonCO2e/yr

McKinsey, 2018

INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE

• 40% of total CO2 emissions related to industrial clusters.

• In Rotterdam:

• 250+ Billion Euro capital assets.

• 450 Mtonnes material flow in 2015.

• 6,000 ha of industrial sites.

• >90,000 employed overall in harbor (20,000 @ industrial cluster)

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EUROPEAN PETROCHEMICAL (PROCESS) INDUSTRY AT HIGH RISK

1. Long-term prospects for northwest european refining, CIEP energy paper.

Only 12 out of 34 refineries in North West Europe must run post 2025.

40% of emissions in industry are related to fuel combustion for heat

GtonCO2e/yr

McKinsey, 2018

Coal use accounts for 44% of energy consumption in non-metallic minerals, iron and steel, and chemicals

13

14 | Aerosol emission

PETROCHEMICAL (PROCESS) INDUSTRY IS COMPLEX

NaCl Electrolysis Chlorine

Coal Electricity Air Air separation

SO3 Acid processing Sulphuric acid

Syngas Methanol Formaldehyde Polyethylene

Methyl Formate Ethanol Ethylmercaptanes

Methyl Chloride Alcohols, alpha Ethyl glycol ethers

Ethanol Acetaldehyde Acetic acid Lysine-L

Acetic anhydride Vinyl acetate

Methyl Amines Ethene oxide Ethene Glycol Oxalic acid

Ammonia Amines Ethanol amines Ethyldiamines

CHP Electricity Urea & Nitrates Alcohols, sec Ethoxylates

Nitric Acid Vinyl Chloride Poly(vinylchloride)

Ethene Chloroethene

LPG and Gas LPG Propene PE/PP rubber

Straight run gasoline Butene

Middle disti llates Isobutne Polypropene

Gasoline Butadiene Isopropanol Acetone Methyl Isobytyl/ Ketone

Kerosene Isoperene Allyl Alcohol Glycerine

Diesel Hexenes Acrylic acid Ethyl acrylate

Naptha Solvents Octenes Acrylic esters

Aromatics Benzene Cyclohexane Caprolactum Nylon-6 Propene oxide

Laurolactum Nylon-12 Butyraldehyde Ethylhexanol

Heavy atm. gas oi l Adipic acid Nylon-6,6 Acrylonitri le Adiponitrile Hexamethylenediamine

Ethylbenzene Styrene Polystyrene Adipic acid Adiponitrile

Vacuum gas oil Acrylonitrile SAN Butanol sec

Lube oil Cumene Phenol Anil ine Methacrylic acid Methyl methacrylate

Greases Toluene Alkylbenzene Sulfhonation Butanol tert

Lube base stocks Asphalt o-Xylene Pthalic anhydride Dioctyl Phthalate MTBE

Fuels p-Xylene Dimethyl Terephthalate/ Terephthal ic acidPolyesters Polyisobutene

Coke Neo acids

Butane Maelic anhydride Fumaric acid Polybutadiene ABS resins

Steel, Aluminium Cement Waste Energy

TiO2 etc.

Not included: Food processing, paper/pulp manufacture, electronics industry,

waste treatment (except incenerators), biogas and agricultural industry.Mineral

oresMetal processing

LimestoneKiln Incenerators

FE

ED

ST

OC

KS

PR

OD

UC

TS

Power plantsNitrogen/ Oxygen

Separation/

Reforming

Natural

Gas

Atm

osp

he

ric

an

d V

ac

uu

m D

isti

lla

tio

n

Refinery

operations:

Alkylation

Hydrotreating

Catalytic

reforming

Solvent extraction

Hydrocracking

Steam Cracking

Propane

Deasphalter

Visbreaker

Solvent dewaxing

Delayed Coker/

Flexi coker

Refinery

fuel gas

Crude

oil

Heating

oil

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CHALLENGES ENERGY & CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Feedstock

Recarbonization

Energy

Decarbonization

Transition of Energy Sector and (Chemical) Industry

Raw Materials Conversion End-product usage End of Life

Feedstock

Energy

Conversion: intermediates and final

products

Application 1

Application 2

Application 3

Waste

Decarbonisation

1: Shift torenewable feedstock

2: Shift to renewable energy 3: Process and energy

efficiency

5: Carbon capture and (re)use

4: Circularity

SECTOR COUPLING IS CRUCIAL

Barriers and bottlenecks

18 Sector coupling: how can it be enhanced in the EU to foster grid stability and decarbonise?, EU study, ITRE Committee,2018

19 Source: eurelectric, 2018

20

McKinsey, 2018

21

McKinsey, 2018

22

POWER TO HEAT

23 Source: Frontiers, 2018

RENEWABLE HYDROGEN

24 Source: IRENA, 2018

25

http://www.hybritdevelopment.com/steel-making-today-and-tomorrow.

PRINCIPLE

www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1821673116

POWER TO CEMENT

PRINCIPLE

www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1821673116

POWER TO CEMENT

Grand challenge: Man On The Moon

Renewable

production of fuels

and (platform)

chemicals from

CO2, water and

nitrogen based on

photochemistry,

electrochemistry,

biotechnology

* Modified from NWO solar fuel

Sumit Verma, Shawn Lu & Paul J. A. Kenis, Nature Energy (2019)

30 Source: eurelectric, 2018

31

Source: eurelectric, 2018

32

ROTTERDAM

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0.9 GW (2016) 4.5 GW (2023) 250? GW (2050)

BAU: Business as usual

TP: Technological progress

BIO: Biomass and CCS

CYC: Closed carbon cycle- Circularity

35 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2019.05.004

36

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2019.05.004

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Impact different decarbonization options on CO2 emission (2050, gigatons)

CourtesyMcKinsey

100$/MWhr 20$/MWhr20/40 $/MWhr

https://www.thoughtco.com/global-warming-cartoons-4122873

39

MESSAGE:

CLIMATE,

ENVIRONMENT

& TRANSITION

Climate

Environment Energy

Transition

CCS

ELECTRIFICATION

Nuclear

Gas

Nox/Sox filters

Blue Hydrogen

DISCLAIMER 1: SUSTAINABILITY (CO2)

PROBLEM WILL BE SOLVED.

DISCLAIMER 2: IT IS TECHNO-SOCIO-

POLITICAL.

Q: WILL WE BE QUICK ENOUGH?

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Prof. dr. ir. Earl GoetheerEarl.Goetheer@tno.nl