Electricity Theory VIR PIV and Capacitors!!!. Energy When an object is at some height in a...
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Transcript of Electricity Theory VIR PIV and Capacitors!!!. Energy When an object is at some height in a...
![Page 1: Electricity Theory VIR PIV and Capacitors!!!. Energy When an object is at some height in a gravitational field it is said to have gravitational potential.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e4e5503460f94b44a35/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Electricity TheoryVIR PIV and Capacitors!!!
![Page 2: Electricity Theory VIR PIV and Capacitors!!!. Energy When an object is at some height in a gravitational field it is said to have gravitational potential.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e4e5503460f94b44a35/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Energy When an object is at
some height in a gravitational field it is said to have gravitational potential energy, PEg
PEg
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Energy Like gravitational fields causing masses to
have potential energy, Electric Fields cause charges to have electric potential energy, PEE
PEE is a type of mechanical energy
MEtotal = KE + PEg + PEs + PEE
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Energy To give something PE you must do work
(apply force over a distance) on the something (raising up in g-field)
For PEE to occur a FE must be applied by either
a. An E-Field (uniform)
b. A pair of charges
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EnergyUniform E-field
AB
Line Color
Red: E-Field
Black: Equipotential lines
Blue: charge displacement
E
W PE Fd
F Eq
PE qEd
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Energy Pair of Charges
1 22
1 2
c
E c
W PE Fd
q qF k
rq q
PE kr
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Electric Potential
Any point in an electric field is said to have Electric Potential, V. However, only a Difference in PE is measurable (remember zero point) so we talk of electric potential difference AKA potential difference, ΔV.
EPEV
q
PEV
q
unit Volt, V
J1V=1
C
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Potential Difference
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Potential Difference
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Potential Difference Back to the zero point
A convenient zero point to chose in a circuit or any electric system is the “ground”
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Battery (cells) A battery produces
electricity by transforming chemical energy into electrical energy
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BatteryCarbon Electrode
Zinc Electrode
Sulfuric Acid
+
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Capacitor A capacitor is a storehouse of charge and energy that
can be reclaimed when needed for a specific application
A capacitor will only charge to the potential difference between the terminals of the battery
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Capacitance Capacitance, C: The ability of a conductor to
store energy in the form of electrically separated charges
Capacitance is the ratio of charge to potential difference
QC
V
unit Farad, F
C1F=1
V
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Capacitance Capacitance depends on size and shape
0
AC
d
2-12
0 2permittivity of free space, 8.85x10
Area of one plate
d distance between plates
C
NmA
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Capacitor Energy stored in a
capacitor
21 1
2 2U energy QV CV
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Electric Current Movement of electric charge Rate of charge movement
QI
t unit Ampere, A
C1A=1
s
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Charge Movement
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Charge Movement
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Circuit Analogy
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Types of Current AC Alternating current charges
continuously change direction forward and back at 60 Hz
Example: outlets (approx 120 V)
DC Direct current charges move in one direction
Example: batteries
AC-DC Debate births the Electric Chair
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Resistance Resistance is the impedance of the motion of
charge through a conductor The ratio of potential difference across a
conductor to the current it carries
VR
I
2
unit ohm,
V Js1 1 1
A C
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Ohm’s Law
V IR
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Resistance Depends on: Length, cross sectional area,
material, and temperature
LR
A
2
resistivity, m
L length, m
A cross sectional area, m
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Resistance and Temp
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Resistance and Thickness
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Resistor An electronic element
that provides a specified resistance.
A current or voltage REGULATOR
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Power (it’s Electric!) Power: Rate at which work is done. OR Rate
at which energy is transformed Electric Power: The rate at which charge
carriers convert PEE into non-mechanical energy
P IVunit watt, W
J1 W = 1
s
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Reading and Homework Read Chapter 17
pp 593 - 625
HW due on test day:p 599 1-3; p 601 2, 3, 5-9;
p 607 1 – 4 (B); p609 1 – 5
p 615 1 – 6; p 616 2-4, 7,9
p 621 1 – 5
Extra Practicep 626 – 628 11, 20 – 54