Elastography: Imaging of Tissue Elastic Properties In-Vitro and In-Vivo J. Ophir, B. Garra*, F....
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Transcript of Elastography: Imaging of Tissue Elastic Properties In-Vitro and In-Vivo J. Ophir, B. Garra*, F....
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Elastography: Imaging of Tissue Elastic Properties In-Vitro and In-Vivo
J. Ophir, B. Garra*, F. Kallel, E.E. Konofagou, R. Righetti** and T. Varghese
The University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX*The University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT
**The University of Florence, Italy
Supported by National Cancer Institute (NCI)Program Project Grant P01-CA 64597
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Elastography
• Definition
• Motivation
• Basic principles
• Early experiments and images
• Contemporary results
• Future directions
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Definition
Elastography:An imaging technique whereby local
axial tissue strains are estimated from differential
ultrasonic speckle displacements. These displacements are generated
by a weak, quasi-static stress field.
The resultant strain image is called an Elastogram.
JO 6/97
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Elastography
• Definition
• Motivation
• Basic principles
• Early experiments and images
• Contemporary results
• Future directions
![Page 6: Elastography: Imaging of Tissue Elastic Properties In-Vitro and In-Vivo J. Ophir, B. Garra*, F. Kallel, E.E. Konofagou, R. Righetti** and T. Varghese The.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d165503460f949ebf7f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Motivation
*Most pathological changes are associated with changes in tissue stiffness.
*Palpation is an effective method for lesion detection and evaluation.
*Many cancers (breast, prostate) are iso-echoic, and hence difficult to detect by ultrasound.
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Elastography
• Definition
• Motivation
• Basic data and principles
• Early experiments and images
• Contemporary results
• Future directions
![Page 8: Elastography: Imaging of Tissue Elastic Properties In-Vitro and In-Vivo J. Ophir, B. Garra*, F. Kallel, E.E. Konofagou, R. Righetti** and T. Varghese The.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d165503460f949ebf7f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Basic data on breast tissues
Tissue Type Tissue Stiffness (kPa)
5% precompression 20% precompression
Strain rate Strain rate
1%/sec 10%/sec 40%/sec 2%/sec 20%/sec 80%/sec
Normal fat (n=40) 18 ± 7 19 ± 7 22 ± 9 20 ± 8 20 ± 6 23 ± 5
Normal glandular (n=31) 28 ± 14 33 ± 11 35 ± 14 48 ± 15 57 ± 19 66 ± 17
Fibrous (n=21) 97 ± 33 107 ± 32 118 ± 83 220 ± 88 233 ± 59 245 ± 83
Ductal tumor (n=23) 22 ± 8 25 ± 4 26 ± 5 291 ± 67 301 ± 58 307 ± 78
Infilt.ductal tumor (n=32) 106 ± 32 93 ± 33 112 ± 43 558 ± 180 490 ± 112 460 ± 178
data courtesy of Dr. T. Krouskop, Baylor College of medicineJO 1/98
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Basic Principles: Normal strain
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One Dimensional Uniform Spring System
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Strain Profile in Uniform Spring
strain
Depth
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One Dimensional Non-Uniform Spring System
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Strain Profile in Non-uniform Spring
strain
Depth
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Basic Principles: Tissue Compression ModelTwo-dimensional representation/ perfect-slip conditions
5/98 Before compression After compression
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Elastography data acquisition system
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Basic Principles: The Elastography Process
Pre-compressionRF A-lines
Post-compressionRF A-lines
Applied Stress
Theoretical Stress Distribution
Local Cross CorrelationAnalysis
Absolute Axial StressEstimation
Ylocallocal
Stress
Strain
ELASTOGRAM
ESTIMATION OF STRAIN ESTIMATION OF STRESS
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RF signal compression: 2% applied strain
precomp postcomp
Notice that a small compression (strain) of the tissue results ina small compression of the signal (similar to frequency modulation)
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Basic Principles: Estimation of Strain
Pre-compression RF line
Post-compression RF line
del(t) (T)
Strain=del(t)/ (T)Strain=del(t)/ (T)
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Elastography
• Definition
• Motivation
• Basic principles
• Early experiments and images
• Contemporary results
• Future directions
![Page 22: Elastography: Imaging of Tissue Elastic Properties In-Vitro and In-Vivo J. Ophir, B. Garra*, F. Kallel, E.E. Konofagou, R. Righetti** and T. Varghese The.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d165503460f949ebf7f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
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Layered foam phantom (ca.1991)
photograph
sonogram elastogram
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Sponge w/ diagonal cut (ca. 1991)
sonogram
elastogram II
photograph
elastogram I
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Breast carcinoma in vitro (ca. 1992)
sonogram elastogram
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Breast Carcinoma in-vivo (ca. 1993)
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Elastography
• Definition
• Motivation
• Basic principles
• Early experiments and images
• Contemporary results
• Future directions
![Page 28: Elastography: Imaging of Tissue Elastic Properties In-Vitro and In-Vivo J. Ophir, B. Garra*, F. Kallel, E.E. Konofagou, R. Righetti** and T. Varghese The.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d165503460f949ebf7f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
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Elastogram from an ovine kidney
Sonogram PhotographElastogram
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Ovine Kidneys in-vitro (1997)Two longitudinal elastographic views at 5 MHz
4/98
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS,AND FREQUENCY CONTROL
July 1998 Volume 45 Number 4 ITUCER (ISSN 0885-3010)
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Canine prostate in-vitro (1998)Transverse slice
Elastogram Photograph Sonogram
9/98
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MRI, Elastogram, Sonogram and PathologyImages from a Canine Prostate at 5 MHz
(1999)
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1 cm
Canine Prostate in vitro @ 5 MHz
Trans.
Long.
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Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
sonogram (1996) elastogram
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Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (1996)
1996 Sonogram Elastogram
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Multifocal Breast Cancer in-vivo (1998)
Sonogram Elastogram2/98
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Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast In Vivo at 5 MHz (1999)
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Breast tumors in-vivo (1999)
Fibroadenoma
Infil. Duct. Carcinoma
Sonograms Elastograms
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0
1
2
HIFU lesion in Canine Liver
elastogram T2 MRI Sonogram Pathology
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Elastography
• Definition
• Motivation
• Basic principles
• Early experiments and images
• Contemporary results
• Future directions
![Page 42: Elastography: Imaging of Tissue Elastic Properties In-Vitro and In-Vivo J. Ophir, B. Garra*, F. Kallel, E.E. Konofagou, R. Righetti** and T. Varghese The.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d165503460f949ebf7f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Conclusions and Future Directions
• Elastography conveys new and probably clinically important tissue information;• The tradeoffs among engineering/elastographic image parameters are now reasonably well understood;• Elastography can operate in hypoechoic areas (ex. shadows);• Reliable small elastic contrast exists among normal soft-tissue components; good CNR allows its
visualization;• Pathology generally exhibits large elastic contrast;• Promising areas include breast, prostate, vasculature, small parts and treatment monitoring.
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THEORY ofELASTICITY
modulus>>strain
TISSUEMODULUS
DISTRIBUTION
THEORY ofELASTICITY
modulus>strain(dependence onboundary cond.)
STRAIN FILTER STRAINELASTOGRAM
INVERSEPROBLEMSOLUTION
strain>modulus
MODULUSELASTOGRAM
BOUNDARYCONDITIONS
ACOUSTIC,SIGNAL &
PROCESSINGPARAMETERS
Elastography: Block Diagram
JO 6/98