1./ 9 October

2.112 October

3./ 16 October

4.119 October

5./ 23 October

6./ 26 October

I.130 October

8./ 2 November

9.16 November

10./ 9 November

II./ 13 November

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

FACULTY OF HISTORY

Dr. I. Hont

(King's College)e-mail address: ihl7@cam.ac.uk (office hours: King's Y8, byappointment)

Eighteenth-century Political Thought:From Rousseau to Burke

Michaelmas Term 2009

(weeks 1-8)16 Lectures

Lecture Room 3

Monday 11. Friday 11

Eighteenth Century: Commerce. Reform, Revolution and the Legacy of theSeventeenth Century

Rousseau 1: On the Origins ofMankind: From the State ofNature to Society

Rousseau 2: On the Economy and the State: Inequality and Revolution

Rousseau 3: On Republics: The Social Contract and the Sociability ofEquality

Rousseau 4: The Reform of Poland and International Relations

Hume 1: The Artificiality ofJustice and the Development of Society

Hume 2: Commerce and Liberty

Hume 3: Ancients and Modems: The Future of Britain

Hume 4: Luxury and the Prospects of Poor Nations

Smith 1: On Commercial Society: Private Property and the Invisible Hand

Smith 2: On Europe's and Britain's Liberty: Europe's Retrograde Path ofDevelopment

12./16 November Smith 3: Economic Reform: Markets, Machines and Modern Finance

13./ 20 November

14./ 23 November

15./ 27 November

Smith 4: Against Projects, Revolution andNational Animosity:The Politics of Emulation and Enlightened Patriotism

Burke 1: The Politics of British Power: America, Ireland and British Commerce

Burke 2: TheDefence of Britain's Constitution from theContagion of theFrench Revolution

16./ 30 November Burke 3: Moderate Modernity and the Reconstitution ofEurope

Bibliography

A4. ROUSSEAU

Set Texts:

'Discourse on Inequality', including Rousseau's notes, in The Discourses and other Early PoliticalWritings, ed. V. Gourevitch, (Cambridge, 1997), 111-246Ofthe Social Contract, with the 'Geneva Manuscript', 'The State of War' and 'Letter to Mirabeau', inThe Social Contract and other LaterPolitical Writings, ed. V. Gourevitch, (Cambridge 1997) 3-176268-71

Suggested secondary reading:'M. Sonenscher, Before the Deluge: Public Debt, Inequality, and the Intellectual Origins of the

French Revolution (Princeton, 2007) Chs. 2-3.*M. Sonenscher, Sans-Culottes: An Eighteenth-century Emblem in the French Revolution (Princeton2008), Chs. 3-4.*N.O. Keohane, "'The Masterpiece of Politics in Our Century": Rousseau on the Morality ofEnlightenment', Political Theory, 6 (1978), pp. 457-84*N.O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance and the Enlightenment,(Princeton NJ, 1980), Chapter 15♦A.M. Melzer, The Natural Goodness ofMan: On the System ofRousseau's Thought, (Chicago, 1990)N.J.H. Dent, >1 Rousseau Dictionary (Oxford, 1992)♦N.J.H. Dent, Rousseau (London, 2005)C. Bertram, Rousseauand the Social Contract (London, 2004)R. Tuck, TheRights of War and Peace (Oxford, 1999), ch. 7R.D. Masters, The PoliticalPhilosophy ofRousseau, (Princeton NJ, 1968)*1. Hampsher-Monk, AHistory ofModem Political Thought (Oxford, 1992), ch. 4*J.N. Shklar, 'Rousseau's Images of Authority', in M. Cranston and R.S. Peters, Hobbes and Rousseau(New York, 1972), pp. 333-365P. Riley, Rousseau s General Will', in Riley ed.. The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau,(Cambridge, 2001), pp. 124-53.J. Hope Mason, TheIndispensable Rousseau, (London, 1979)

*J. Hope Mason, 'Individuals in Society: Rousseau's Republican Vision', History ofPolitical Thought,10(1989), 89-112J. Hope Mason, '"Forced to be Free'", in R. Wokler, Rousseau and Liberty (Manchester, 1995), pp121-38

C. Kelly and R.D. Masters, 'Human Nature, Liberty and Progress: Rousseau's Dialogue with the CriticsoiiheDiscourssurl'inegalite', in R. WokXer, Rousseau and Liberty (Manchester, 1995), pp. 53-69B.Kapossy, Iselin contra Rousseau (Basle, 2006), Ch. 3, pp. 173-45.R. Wokler, 'Perfectible Apes in Decadent Cultures: Rousseau's Anthropology Revisited', Daedalus,107 (1978), 107-34L. Kirk, Genevan Republicanism , in D. Wootton ed.. Republicanism, Liberty and CommercialSociety 1649-1776, (Stanford, CA, 1994), pp. 270-309B. Kapossy, 'Neo-Roman Republicanism and Commercial Society: The Example of Eighteenth-Century Beme', in M. van Gelderen and Q. Skinner, Republicanism (Cambridge, 2002), vol. 2, pp226-247

A3. HUMESet Texts:

A Treatise ofHumanNature, eds. D.F. Norton and M.J. Norton, (Oxford, 2000), Bk. IllAn Enquiry Concerning the Principles ofMorals, ed. T.L. Beauchamp, (Oxford, 1998)Essays Moral, Political andLiterary, ed. E.F. Miller (Indianapolis, 1985), especially essays PartI 2-8, 12, 14, 21; Part II1-9, 11-13, 16, this edition is available online in The Library ofEconomics and Liberty, http://www.econlib.orgSuggested secondary reading:J.G.A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic RepublicanTradition, (Princeton NJ, 1975), Chapters 12-14*1. Wont, Jealousy ofTrade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), "Introduction" and Chs. 3-4.*D. Forbes, Hume'sPhilosophical Politics, (Cambridge, 1975)*D. Forbes, 'Sceptical Whiggism, Commerce and Liberty', in A.S. Skinner and T. Wilson eds.. Essayson Adam Smith, (Oxford, 1975), pp. 179-201D.F. Norton, 'Hume, Human Nature and the Foundations of Morality' in Norton ed.. The CambridgeCompanion toHume, (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 148-81D.F. Norton and M. Kuehn, 'The Foundations of Morality', in K. Haakonssen (ed.) The CambridgeHistory ofEighteenth-Century Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006), vol. 2, pp. 241-986*J. Moore, 'Hume's Theory of Justice and Property', Political Studies, 24 (1976), 103-19D.D. Raphael, Concepts ofJustice (Oxford, 2001), Ch. 9J.L. Mackie, Hume's Moral Theory, (London, 1980)J. Moore, 'Hume and Hutcheson', in M.A. Stewart and J.P. Wright eds., Hume and Hume'sConnexions, (Edinburgh, 1994), pp. 25-37*N. Phillipson,//Mwe, (London, 1989)D. Wootton, 'David Hume "the Historian'", in D.F. Norton ed.. The Cambridge Companion to Hume,(Cambridge, 1993), pp. 281-312J. Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680-1760 (Cambridge, 2005),Ch. 6, pp. 256-324.*J. Robertson, 'Universal Monarchy and the Liberties ofEurope: David Hume's Critique ofan EnglishWhig Doctrine', in N. Phillipson and Q. Skinner eds.. Political Discourse in Early Modem Britain,(Cambridge, 1993), pp. 349-73IM. Barfoot, 'Hume and the Culture of Science in theEarly Eighteenth Century', in M.A. Stewart

ed.. Studies in the Philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment, (Oxford, 1991), pp. 151—90

A5. SMITH

Set Texts:

The Theory ofMoral Sentiments, ed. D.D. Raphael and A.L.Macfie, 2 vols (Liberty Fund, 1982)An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth ofNations, eds. Campbell, Skinner and Todd, 2vols (Liberty Fund, 1981)

Both ofthese editions are on the internet atThe Online Library ofLiberty at http://oll.libertvfund.org

Suggested secondary reading:D. Stewart, 'An Account of the Life and Writings of Adam Smith L.L.D' in Smith, Essays onPhilosophical Subjects, ed. W. P. D. Wightman and J. C. Bryce, (Liberty Fund, 1982) and in theOnline Library of Liberty.*D. Forbes, 'Sceptical Whiggism, Commerce and Liberty', in A. S. Skinner and T. Wilson eds.. Essayson Adam Smith, (Oxford, 1975), 179-201*D. Wxnch, Adam Smith'sPolitics, (Cambridge, 1978)*1. Hont,Jealousy ofTrade (Cambridge, Mass., 2005), 'Introduction' and Chs. 5-6*D.D. Raphael, 'The Impartial Spectator', in A. S. Skinner and T. Wilson eds.. Essays on Adam Smith,(Oxford, 1975), 83-99D.F. Norton and M. Kuehn, 'The Foundations of Morality', in K. Haakonssen (ed.) The CambridgeHistory ofEighteenth-Century Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006), vol. 2, pp. 241-986J. Robertson, 'The Legacy of Adam Smith: Government and Economic Development in The Wealth ofNations', in R. Bellamy ed., Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-Century Political Thought andPractice,(London, 1990), 15-41D. Lieberman, Adam Smith on Justice, Right and Law', in K. Haakonnsen ed., CambridgeCompanion to Adam Smith (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 214-245E. Rothschild, Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet and the Enlightenment, (CambridgeMass, 2001), Chs. 4,8A.S. Skinner, A System of Social Science Papers: Papers Relating to Adam Smith, (2"'' edn., Oxford1995), Chs. 4,8C.Griswold, Smith and the Virtues ofEnlightenment, (Cambridge, 1999)P. Force, Self-interest before Adam Smith: AGenealogy ofEconomic Science (Cambridge, 2003)G.J. Stigler, 'Smith's Travels on the Ship of State', in A. S. Skinner and T. Wilson eds.. Essays onAdam Smith, (Oxford, 1975), 237-46*J. Viner, 'Adam Smith and Laissez Faire', in D. A. Irwin ed.. Essays on the Intellectual History ofEconomics, (Princeton NJ, 1991), 85-113K. Tribe, 'Natural Liberty and Laissez Faire: How Adam Smith became a Free Trade Ideologue', in S.Copley and K. Sutherland eds., Adam Smith's "Wealth ofNations": New Interdisciplinary Essays,(Manchester, 1995), 23-44*D. Winch, 'Science and the Legislator: Adam Smith and After', Economic Journal, 93 (1983) 501-29

A6. BURKESet Text:

Pre-Revolutionary Writings, ed. I. Harris, (Cambridge, 1993)Reflections on theRevolution inFrance, ed. J.G.A. Pocock (Indianapolis, 1987)FurtherReflections on theRevolution in France, ed. D.E. Ritchie, (Indianapolis, 1992)Suggested secondary reading:*1. Hampsher-Monk, 'Edmund Burke', in Hampsher-Monk, AHistory ofModem Political Thought(Oxford, 1992), pp. 261-304J.G.A. Pocock, 'Burke and the Ancient Constitution: A"Problem in the History of Ideas'", inPocock, Politics, Language and Time: Essays on Political Thought and History, (London, 1972) pp202-32

*J.G.A. Pocock, 'ThePolitical Economy of Burke's Analysis of the Revolution', inPocock, Virtue,Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History, chiefly in the Eighteenth Century,(Cambridge, 1985), pp. 192-212J.G.A. Pocock, 'Introduction', to Pocock ed., [Burke], Reflections on the Revolution in France,(Indianapolis, 1987), pp. vii-lviJ. Conniff, 'Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Coming Revolution in Ireland', Journal ofthe HistoryofIdeas, 47 (1986), 37-59J.R. Dinwiddy, 'Utility and Natural Law in Burke's Thought: A Reconsideration', Studies in Burkeand his Time, 16 (1974), 105-28M. Vre&mm, EdmundBurkeand his CritiqueofPolitical Radicalism, (Oxford, 1980)*I.P. Lucas, 'On Edmund Burke's Doctrine of Prescription: or, an Appeal from the New to the Oldh&vryexs',HistoricalJoumal, 11 (1968), 35-63H. Mitchell, 'Edmund Burke's Language of Politics and his Audience', Studies on Voltaire and theEighteenth Century, 287 (1991), 335-60C.C. O'Brien, The Great Melody: A Thematic Biography and Commented Anthology of EdmundBurke, (London, 1992)F. O^GoTman, Edmund Burke: HisPoliticalPhilosophy, (London, 1973)*H. Pitkin, 'Representing Unattached Interests: Edmund Burke', in Pitkin, The Concept ofRepresentation, (Berkeley, CA, 1967), pp. 168-89T. Schofield, 'Conservative Political Thought in Britain in Response to the French Revolution',HistoricalJoumal, 29 (1986), 601-22B.T. Wilkins, The Problem ofBurke'sPoliticalPhilosophy, (Oxford, 1967)

B15. HUMAN NATURE AND HISTORY

IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT

Suggested primary reading:

J. G. Herder, Another Philosophy of History and Selected Political Writings, I.D. Evrigenis, and D.Pellerin eds., (Indianapolis, 2004)J. G. Herder on Social and Political Culture, ed. F. M. Barnard (London, 1969)Kant, Political Writings, ed. H. Reiss, (2nd edn., Cambridge, 1991)

Suggested secondary reading:

'The Eighteenth-Century Debate' in J. Schmidt ed.. What is Enlightenment? Eighteenth CenturyAnswers and Twentieth CenturyQuestions, (Berkeley, CA, 1996), pp. 47-321J.K. Wright, 'Historical Writing in the Enlightenment World', in M. Fitzpatrick, P. Jones, C. Knellwolfand I. McCalman (eds.). The Enlightenment World, (Lx)ndon, 2004), pp. 207-216D.F. Norton and M. Kuehn, 'The Foundations of Morality', in K. Haakonssen (ed.) The CambridgeHistoryofEighteenth-Century Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006), vol. 2, pp. 241-986.F. M. Barnard, Self-Direction and Political Legitimacy: Rousseau and Herder, (Oxford, 1988)F. C. Beiser, The Fate of Reason: German Philosophyfrom Kant to Fichte, (Cambridge MA, 1987),Chapters on Herder and KantF. C. Beiser, Enlightenment, Revolution and Romanticism: The Genesis of Modem German PoliticalThought1790-1800, (Cambridge MA, 1992)J.B. Schneewind, 'Toward Enlightenment: Kant and the Sources of Darkness', in D> Rutherford (ed.),Cambridge Companion to Early ModemPhilosophy (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 328-351.I. Berlin, 'The Counter-Enlightenment', inBerlin, Against the Current: Essays in the History ofIdeas,H. Hardy ed., (Oxford, 1981), pp. 1-24I. Berlin, Vico and Herder: Two Studies in the History ofIdeas, (London, 1976)H. Brunschwig, Enlightenment and Romanticism inEighteenth-Century Prussia, (Chicago, 1974)K. Epstein, The Genesis ofGerman Conservatism, (Princeton NJ, 1966)F. Meinecke, 'Herder', in Meinecke, Historism: TheRise ofa NewHistorical Outlook, J. E. Andersoned., (London, 1972), pp. 295-372S. Meld Shell, 'Kant's Idea of History', in Meld Shell, The Embodiment of Reason: Kant on Spirit,Generation and Community, (Chicago, 1996), 161-89J. Passmore, ThePerfectibility ofMan, (London, 1970)T. P. Saine, 'Who's Afraid of Christian Wolff?', in A.C. Kors and P.J. Korshin eds.. Anticipations oftheEnlightenment in England, France and Germany, (Philadelphia, 1987), pp. 102-33C. Taylor, 'The Importance of Herder', in Taylor, Philosophical Arguments, (Cambridge MA, 1995),79-99

R. Velkley, 'The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilisation in Rousseau and GermanPhilosophy', in C. Orwin andN. Tarcov eds.. The Legacy ofRousseau, (Chicago, 1997), 65-86K. O'Brien, 'The Feminist Critique of Enlightenment', in M. Fitzpatrick, P. Jones, C. Knellwolf and I.McCalman (eds.). The Enlightenment World, (London, 2004), pp. 621-634

B16. COMMERCIAL SOCIETY

AND THE AMBIGUITIES OF CIVILISATION

Suggested primary reading:B. Mandeville, The Fable ofthe Bees, 2 vols., F. B. Kaye ed., (Indianapolis, 1988)A. Ferguson, Essayon theHistory of Civil Society, ed. F. Oz-Salzberger (Cambridge, 1995)

Suggested secondary reading:I. Hont, 'The Early Enlightenment Debate on Commerce and Luxury', in M. Goldie and R. Wokler(eds.). The Cambridge History ofEighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 379-418.

*1. Woni, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), 'Introduction' and chs. 1, 5-6*1. Hont, 'Commercial Society and Political Theory in the Eighteenth Century: the Problem ofAuthority in David Hume and Adam Smith', in W. Melching and W. Velema eds.. Main Trends inCultural History: TenEssays, (Amsterdam, 1994), pp. 54-94

*E, J, Hundert, The Enlightenment's Fable (Cambridge, 1994)*N. O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance to the Enlightenment,(Princeton NJ, 1980), Parts III and IVM. Sonenscher, 'Property, Community and Citizenship', in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds.). TheCambridge History ofEighteenth-Century PoliticalThought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 465-496.J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought andthe Atlantic RepublicanTradition, (Princeton NJ, 1975),Chapters 12-14J. G. A. Pocock, 'Virtues, Rights and Manners: A Model for Historians of Political Thought', inPocock, Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History chiefly in theEighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 37-50*A. O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before itsTriumph, (Princeton NJ, 1977)A. O. Hirschman, 'Rival Views of Market Society', in Hirschman, Rival Views ofMarket Society andother RecentEssays, (New York, 1986),pp. 105-41R. L. Meek, SocialScience and theIgnobleSavage, (Cambridge, 1976)T. A. Home, The Social Thought ofBernard Mandeville: Virtue and Commerce in Early EighteenthCentury England, (London, 1978), ChaptersD. Kettler, 'History and Theory in Ferguson's Essay on the History of Civil Society', Political Theory,5 (1977), 437-60J. Robertson, 'The Scottish Enlightenment at the Limits of the Civic Tradition' in I. Hont and M.Ignatieff eds.. Wealth and Virtue: The Shaping of Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment,(Cambridge, 1983),pp. 137-78J. Viner, 'The Intellectual History of Laissez Faire', in Viner, Essays on the Intellectual History ofEconomics, D. A. Irwin ed., (Princeton NJ, 1991), pp. 200-25D. Winch, Riches and Poverty: An Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain 1750-1834,(Cambridge, 1996), Part I, pp. 57-89