E.g. an IceCube Surfave Veto Array TAXI. Transportable Array for eXtremely large area...

e.g. an IceCube

Surfave Veto Array

TAXI.Transportable Array for eXtremely large area Instrumentation studies

Timo Karg, Rolf NahnhauerDESY

IceCube Collaboration Meeting3 March 2014 in Banff

T. Karg, R. Nahnhauer | TAXI | 3 March 2014 |

see also our presentation at the Munich meeting:https://events.icecube.wisc.edu/getFile.py/access?contribId=88&sessionId=33&resId=0&materialId=slides&confId=51

TAXI Concept

https://events.icecube.wisc.edu/getFile.py/access?contribId=88&sessionId=33&resId=0&materialId=slides&confId=51










R&Dstation

Sensors Communication

Power SourceReference Detector


Idea: Use a simple reference air shower detector for trigger and coarse reconstruction

Si: reference air shower detectors (plastic scintillator)

10

m

First Step: Single Station

sensor

power

DAQ

S2S1

S3

SensorR&D


10

0 m

Second Step: Cluster (4 Stations)

power

DAQ

ArrayR&D


Requirements

>Highly modular system that allows easy interchange of components R&D environment for different system components with well defined interfaces

> Easy transport and setup: site studies for future projects long term background measurement and monitoring

signal propagation studies (signal speed, attenuation, refraction, …)

>Operation at isolated sites low power, self-sustained power supply

environmental range from Antarctica to hot climate

> Scalability


Status: Station 1 Operational

test sensor, here:SALLA antenna(courtesy of Tunka-Rex)

DESY Zeuthen,Mechanical Workshop

reference detectors:1 m2 plastic scintillator,

segmented

Power: cabledComms.: cabled (Ethernet)

In Preparation:Replace off-the-shelf DAQwith low-power,single-board design


In Preparation: Reference Detector Readout v2

AERA-trigger

optional, switchablering sampler(waveforms for calibration, debugging)

goal: power consumption < 10 W (w/o ADC)

rel. timing, time-over-thresholdin FPGA (0.5 ns accuracy)

abs. time: GPS(15 ns accuracy; best case)


Test-Sensor Readout

> Developed at KIT (IPE, IKP) for the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA)

> Four digitizers (180 MHz, 12 bit; can be interlaced to 2 × 360 MHz)

> Deep ring buffer (7 seconds for 2 channels @ 180 MHz)

> Powerful FPGA for real-time signal processing

> External trigger from scintillation detector

> Power: < 10 W (including LNAs for radio antenna)

Blo

ck d

iagr

am:

A. S

chm

idt,

PhD

The

sis,

KIT

(20

12)


TAXI &IceCube Surface Veto Array


Scenario 1: (In-Situ) Characterization of Detection Units

>Use new Detection Units (IceBag, …) as test sensor(would replace radio antenna; minor modifications to analog front-end required)

>Detailed study of the air-shower response of Detection Units In the North and in-situ!

>Reference detectors allow triggering and reconstructionof air showers

Estimate of particle densityand arrival time atDetection Unit

Full Detection Unit response(waveforms) availablevia AERA board


Scenario 2: TAXI Electronics As Basis for Veto

> TAXI is modular!

> AERA Board (test-sensor readout) can be removed

> Veto Detection Units replace reference detectors

>Read out leading edge time and time-over-threshold optionally full waveforms via DRS4 at the expense of higher power requirements

> TAXI interface allows usto use different

power supplies

communication modules

synchronization protocols(not yet)


Some Thoughts About the Surface Veto

> For “conventional” array: ½ to ⅔ of the cost are cables(M. DuVernois, Munich Coll. Mtg.)

Can we reduce / simplify the cabling?

> Power Tricky at South Pole, some experience from ARA with wind turbines

> Communications Assume ~kHz trigger rates for each Detection Unit; only transmit timestamps

Transmit few kByte / second from each Detection Unit

Receive and buffer few MByte / second at ICL

Wireless comms. seems possible

> Synchronization Assume veto window of 1 µs

GPS receiver at each station (few 10 ns accuracy) feasible

> In case fibers are run:White Rabbit + Gbit Ethernet is an option

Jan, ICRC 2013


Summary and Outlook

> TAXI is a modular cluster for research & development on different aspects of arrays, e.g. an IceCube Surface Veto Array

Single station with external air shower trigger:test, characterization, and calibration of sensors / detector units

Four station cluster:development and test of clock synchronization, trigger, communication,and power distribution

easily transportable: in-situ tests and exploration of prospective sites

>One prototype station constructed and successfully taking data

> Timeline Mid 2014: low-power, single-board readout available

End 2014: complete four station array at Zeuthen site


Backup Slides


Station 1 DAQ

Power supply

VME readout: Raspberry Pi

AERA board

Cable delay for QDC

VME DAQ for Scintillators(QDC + TDC)

Power control via EthernetTemperature + humidity mon.

Trigger board


Scintillation Detector

> Input: ± 12 V

>Output: differential,analog PMT signal (8 channels)

combined to 4 segmentsof 50 × 50 cm for readout

optical fiberseach tile read out by 2 sets of fibers

Hamamatsu R 5900-3-M42 × 2 multi-anode PMT

1 m2 tiled plastic scintillator16 tiles, 25 × 25 cm each


Reconstructed Directions

Azimuth Elevation

vert

ica

l

ho

rizo

nta

l

Mor

e ho

rizon

tal

even

ts m

issing

Direction of air shower reconstructed from arrival time differences

Sha

dow

ing

effe

ct

by e

xper

imen

tal h

all

(35 days of data)


View in the Direction of 270°

E.g. an IceCube Surfave Veto Array TAXI. Transportable Array for eXtremely large area...

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