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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 4 / AUG 2016
IJPRES
EFFECTIVE COOLING OF IC ENGINE BY USING VARIOUS FIN CONFIGURATIONS AND MATERIALS
1V. ACHYUTH KUMAR REDDY, 2SK. SUBHANI BASHA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)
(An Autonomous Institution approved by UGC and affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade and NBA & Recipient of World Bank Assistance under TEQIP Phase- II S.C.1.1)
Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post. Via.Kompally), Secunderabad – 500 100.
___________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT:
Engine performance depends on various
parameters such as types of material use for
making engine, numbers of fins used, thickness of
fins, and fins Shape which escort thermal effect on
it. In this project our main aim is to analyses the
thermal properties by using different types of
materials for the fins with variable sizes slots to
improve its performance and reduce its cost. The
3D modeling of engine with different slot sizes
keeping fin size and number of fin same designed
on Solid works and the analysis on the ANSYS
steady state. Presently Material used for
manufacturing cylinder fin body and we are
comparing its performance using different material
such as Aluminium, Beryllium, Magnesium.
INTRODUCTION
Heat exchangers are widely used in
various, transportation, industrial, or Domestic
applications such as thermal power plants, means
of heating, transporting and air conditioning
systems, electronic equipment and space vehicles.
In all these applications improvement in the
efficiency of the heat exchangers can lead to
substantial cost, space and material savings.
Hence considerable research work has
been done in the past to seek effective ways to
improve the efficiency of heat exchangers. The
referred investigation includes the selection of fluid
with high effective heat transfer surfaces made out
of high conductivity materials, high thermal
conductivity and selection of their flow arrangements. For both single and two
phase heat transfer effective heat transfer
enhancement techniques have been reported.
However in the present work only SINGLE
PHASE STEADY STATE NATURAL
CONVECTION technique has been considered.
The heat transfer enhancement methods reported in
publications be summarized in many forms but
primarily they may be grouped as active
enhancement methods.
The basis of any heat transfer
enhancement technique lies in the utilization of
some external power in order to permit the mixing
of working fluids, the rotation of heat transfer
surfaces, the vibration of heat transfer surfaces or
of the working fluids also the generation of
electrostatic fields.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 4 / AUG 2016
IJPRES
BASIC HEAT TRANSFER
2.1.1 Heat Transfer And Thermodynamics
The study of transfer phenomenon which
includes transfer of momentum, energy, mass etc
has been recognized as a unified discipline of
fundamental importance on the basis of
thermodynamic fluxes and forces. The transfer of
such phenomena occurs due to a conjugate force of
temperature gradient, velocity gradient,
concentration gradient chemical affinity etc. The
transfer of heat energy due to temperature
difference or gradient is called heat transfer.
2.1.2 Modes Of Heat Transfer:
The modes of heat transfer can be divided into
three segments.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
2.1.2.1 Conduction:
CONDUCTION refers to the transfer of heat
between two bodies or two parts of the same body
through molecules which are, more or less,
stationary, as in the case of solids.
The governing equation for conductive heat
transfer is: In Cartesian coordinates
2.1.2.3: Convection
When energy transfer takes place between a solid
and fluid system in motion, the process is known as
convection. If the fluid motion is impressed by
compressor or pum, it is called FORCED
CONVECTION. If fluid motion is caused due to
density difference, it is called natural convection.
2.1.2.2 Radiation:
Thermal radiation refers to the radiant energy
emitted by bodies by virtue of their own
temperatures, resulting from the thermal excitation
of the molecules. Radiation is assumed to
propagate in the form of electromagnetic waves.
The governing equation for Radiation heat transfer
is:
PLANK’S LAW:
Heat Transfer By Extended Surface:
Convection heat transfer is governed by the
relation:
Q = h A (Tw - T∞)
To increase the heat transfer rate the following
ways can be adopted.
Increasing heat transfer co-efficient
(h). However increasing the value of h
does not significantly influence the
value of Q.
Surrounding fluid temperature (T∞) can be
decreased. But it is often impractical as in
most cases the surrounding is atmosphere.
Hence the only way is by increasing the
surface area across which convection
occurs.
The increase in cross sectional convection area can
be achieved by using fins that exted from the wall
of the convection shell. The thermal conductivity
of the fin material has a very strong effect on the
temperature distribution across the wall of the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 4 / AUG 2016
IJPRES
convection shell and thus the degree to which the
heat transfer rate is enhanced.
Various types of fins are usually used:
Straight fins of uniform cross section
Straight fins of non-uniform cross section
Annular fins
Cylindrical fins
Pin fins
2.5 FIN PERFORMANCE
2.5.1 Fin Effectiveness:
Fin effectiveness is defined as the ratio between
heat transfer rate with fin and heat transfer rate
without fin.
€f = Qo/ hAθo
while using a fin for increasing heat transfer rate
we should consider that, the fin itself represents a
conductive resistance to heat transfer from
original surface. Therefore it is not necessary that
by using fins the heat transfer rate increases.
This facto is calculated by fin effectiveness
When €f< 2, the use of such fins are not
justified.
Fin effectiveness can be enhanced by,
1. Choice of material of high thermal
conductivity. Eg. Aluminium, Copper
2. Increasing ratio of area to the perimeter of
the fins. The use of thin closely placed fins
is more suitable than thick fins.
3. Low values of heat transfer coefficient (h).
2.5.2 Fin Efficiency:
This is the ratio of the fin heat transfer rate to the
heat transfer rate of the fin if the entire fin were at
the base temperature.
DETAILED GEOMETRY OF THE ENGINE
FIN:
After the modelling of the geometry we
then proceed to the analysis part where the model is
subjected to the structural thermal analysis.
The process of finding the best material for
convection in ic engine fins requires either a
prototype or a 3D model as per our convenience
using advanced modelling techniques to design an
ic engine fins and cylinder geometry.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 4 / AUG 2016
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Then the type of material should be added and
mass properties is observed.
Mass Properties ForAluminium Is As Follows
The solidworks software is used for designing.
In the software the mass of the product derived
directly as a value
Mass properties of Cylinder Block Supra X 100cc
alternate design
Mass = 1015.85 grams
Volume = 376240.31 cubic millimeters
Surface area = 182145.60 square millimeters
Center of mass: ( millimeters )
X = 4.76
Y = -31.73
Z = 2.74
Above fig represents the total mass properties and
and design insight of the model
Mass Properties OfGeeometry When Berylium
Is Used
Mass properties of Cylinder Block Supra X 100cc
alternate design
Density = 0.00 grams per cubic millimeter
Mass = 693.79 grams
Volume = 376240.31 cubic millimeters
Surface area = 182145.60 square millimeters
Center of mass: ( millimeters )
X = 4.76
Y = -31.73
Z = 2.74
The above Fig represents the mass of a geometry
when beryllium is used.
Mass Properties of Geometry when Magnesium
is used:-
Mass properties of Cylinder Block Supra X 100cc
alternate design
Density = 0.00 grams per cubic millimeter
Mass = 639.61 grams
Volume = 376240.31 cubic millimeters
Surface area = 182145.60 square millimeters
Center of mass: ( millimeters )
X = 4.76
Y = -31.73
Z = 2.74
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 4 / AUG 2016
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The above Fig represents the mass properties of
model when subjected with the magnesium
Simulation:
The simulation of the project is carried out in the
ansys software. Ansys is a multi physics software
which allows us to perform various types of
performance tests which includes, dynamics ,static
structural, harmonic response, response spectrum ,
steady state thermal, transient state thermal and
e.t.c.
We are using Ansys 16.0 version to analyse our
model.
The Ansys system consists of a project schematic
which allows us to do a multi analysis for single
design with very fast user interface.
Imported Geometry ToAnsys Design Modeler
After importing of the geometry the discretization
process must be done using meshing solver .
Meshed Model
Analysis of the Model with Aluminium.
Boundary Conditions
Boundary conditions are the input parameters we
consider to solve a problem therefore the inputs we
given effect the output result
Results
Aluminium
Steady state Temperature of the aluminium Engine
Steady state heat flux of the aluminium engine
Transient State analysis of the aluminium.
Transient state temperature @ 5sec
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 4 / AUG 2016
IJPRES
Transient state @15sec
Analysis Of The Design With Berylium
Steady state temperature Beryllium.
Transient State Analysis Of The Design With
Beryllium
Temperature at 20sec
Temp@35sec
Analysis Of The Design With Magnesium
Steady State Analysis With Magnesium
Steady state heat flux
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 4 / AUG 2016
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Transient state analysis
Temp@7sec
Temp @ 25sec
Conclusion
We observed different types of fins, in
prototype (or) 3d model point of view in
all aspects, like structural and thermal
analysis of suitable alloys.
We observed with respect to proper
boundary conditions in all parameters.
The slots of the fins were increased
slightly for more heat transfer rate.
The project conclude that prototype of
Magnesium alloy is suitable among the
other in all aspects.
The results shows, by using fin with
material Beryllium and magnesium is
better since heat transfer rate of the fin is
more. By using modified fins the weight
of the fin body reduces compared to
existing rectangular engine cylinder fin.
Future Scope
Various other heat transfer methods
can be adapted in order to improve the heat
transfer rate and other fin configurations must
be added to see how they with stand to
temperatures.
Several other materials must be
deposited to know that the which material is
used for this purposeof heat transfer.
References:
[1] NaserSahiti: thermal and fluid dynamic
performance of pin fin heat transfer
surface,
[2] Camci, C., Uzol, O. (2001): Elliptical pin
fins as an alternative to circular pin fins for
gas turbine blade cooling applications,
ASME paper 2001-GT-0180, ASME Int.
Turbine Conference, New Orleans.
[3] Chen, Z., Li, Q., Meier, D., Warnecke, H.
J. (1997): Convective heat transfer and
pressure loss in rectangular ducts with
drop-shaped pin fins, Heat and Mass
Transfer 33, pp. 219-224.
[4] EhsanFirouzfar, and Maryam Attaran, A
Review of Heat Pipe Heat
ExchangersActivity in Asia, World
Academy of Science, Engineering and
Technology 47 2008
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VI /Issue 4 / AUG 2016
IJPRES
[5] gulshansachdeva, under the supervision
of prof. k.s. kasana, computation of heat
transfer augmentation in a plate-fin heat
exchanger using rectangular / delta wing.
[6] Khan, W. A., Culham, J. R., and
Yovanovich, M. M., “Optimization of
Pin-Fin Heat Sinks Using Entropy
Generation Minimization,” IEEE
Transactions on Components and
Packaging Technologies, Vol. 28, No.
2,2005, pp. 247-254.
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_con
vection
[8] heat and mass transfer, P k Nag
1. V ACHYUTH KUMAR REDDY
Studying M.Tech in stream of Thermal Engineering from MALLAREDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE.Completed B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering in 2014 from SRI INDU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY(AUTONOMOUS), HYD. E-mail id: [email protected]
2. SK. SUBHANI BASHA
Completed B.Tech.in Mechanical Engineering in 2008from MRITS, NELLORE Affiliated to JNTUK, and M.Tech in Mechanical Engineeringin2011 from JNTU ANANTHAPUR Working as Asst.Professor at MALLAREDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), Dulapally Rd, Maisammaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Area of interest includes: I.C Engines , Thermal engineering. E-mail id: [email protected]