Effect of Different Dosages of Self Curing Compound (Using ...

103 International Journal of Advances in Arts, Sciences and Engineering, Volume 4 Issue 9 Sep 2016 2320-6144 (Online)

Effect of Different Dosages of Self Curing Compound (Using Peg-400) On

M25 Mix Concrete 1. S.Mohnika 2. K.Vinodkumar 3. K.V.N.Mallikharjunarao

1. PG Scholar (Structural Engineering), RISE KRISHNA Sai Gandhi Group of Institutions, ONGOLE , Andhra Pradesh, India. [email protected]

2. Asst.Professor (Structural Engineering), RISE KRISHNA Sai Gandhi Group of Institutions, ONGOLE,

Andhra Pradesh, India. [email protected]

3. Asst.Professor (Structural Engineering), RISE KRISHNA Sai Gandhi Group of Institutions, ONGOLE,

Andhra Pradesh, India. [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Now a days concrete is most commonly used building material because it gives good

strength results. As per survey the usage of cement rapidly increases from 1.5 to 2.2 billion tons

from 1995 to 2010 (Malhotra, 1999). The durability and strength characteristics of concrete is

depends on curing, optimum strength is reached by proper curing. Moisture content, humidity and

temperature conditions are influence the curing. The minimum curing time for concrete is 28 days;

it gives good hydrations and good strength results. If proper curing is not take place we could not

reach the desired strength results. So water/cement ratio place important role in curing. We need

proper water/cement ratio to hydrate cement particles of cement and for good bonding in between

particles. The water/cement ratio will also be effect the strength of concrete structures. The

water/cement ratio of range 0.35-0.45 is give better results.

The aim of this investigation is to study the strength and durability properties of concrete

using water-soluble Polyethylene Glycol as self-curing agent. The function of self-curing agent is

reduces water evaporation and increase the water retention capacity of concrete compared to the

nominal concrete. The use of self-curing compounds is saving water, it is a necessity everyday (for

each cubic meter of concrete requires 3m3 of water in a construction, most of which is used for

curing). In this study, compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete containing self-

curing agent is investigated and compared with those of nominal concrete.

In this project we study the self-curing compound i.e. polyethylene glycol (PEG 400).

It is also known as shrinkage reducing admixture. The polyethylene glycol helps in curing, the

concrete with mix water only. Generally the weight of self-curing compound is taken as 0.3%

weight of cement. In this we study the PEG at different proportions of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% for M25

mix grade. Also study the compressive strength, spilt tensile strength and stress-strain curves at

varying percentages of polyethylene glycol and compared to nominal concrete.

Key words: Self-curing compound; Water retention; Hydration; Water permeability; Durability;

Poly-ethylene glycol-400.

mailto:[email protected]


1.1 INTRODUCTION

Adequate curing is essential for

concrete to obtain structural and durability

properties and therefore is one of the most

important requirements for optimum concrete

performance. Curing of concrete is the process

of maintaining the proper moisture conditions

to promote optimum cement hydration

immediately after placement. With insufficient

water, the hydration will not proceed and the

resulting concrete is practically affected, failing

to provide a protective barrier against ingress of

harmful agents. Proper curing of concrete

structures is important to meet performance and

durability requirements. Enough water needs to

be present in a concrete for the hydration of

cement to take place. However, even mix

contains enough water, any loss of moisture

from the concrete will reduce the initial water

cement ratio and result in incomplete hydration

of cement especially with the mixes having low

water cement ratio. This results in very poor

quality of concrete.

1.2 Methods of Conventional Curing

Methods of curing concrete fall broadly into

the following categories:

i) Ponding or spraying

ii) By using covering of wet hessian.

iii) Reducing the rate of evaporation of

water from concrete surface by

covering with a relatively

impermeable membrane.

iv) Delaying the removal of formwork can

also be used to retain some water.

v) Steam curing.

1.3 Self Curing Concrete

The concept of self curing agents is to

reduce the water evaporation from concrete and

hence increase the water retention capacity of

the concrete compared to conventional

concrete. It was found that water soluble

polymers can be used as self-curing agents in

concrete. Concrete incorporating self-curing

agents will represents a new trend in the

concrete construction in the new millennium.

Curing of concrete plays a major role in

developing the concrete microstructure and

pore structure, and hence improves its

durability and performance. The concept of

self-curing agents is to reduce the water

evaporation from concrete, and hence increase

the water retention capacity of the concrete

compared to conventional concrete. The use of

self-curing admixtures is very important from

the point of view that water resources are

getting valuable every day(i.e., each 1cu.m of

concrete requires about 3cu.m of water for

construction most of which is for curing).

1.4 Definition of Self Curing

The ACI-308 Code states that “internal

curing refers to the process by which the

hydration of cement occurs because of the

availability of additional internal water that is

not part of the mixing water. “Conventionally,

curing concrete means creating conditions such

that water is not lost from the surface i.e., curing

is taken to happen ‘from the outside to inside’.

In contrast, ‘internal curing’ is allowing for

curing ‘from the inside to outside’ through the

internal reservoirs (in the form of saturated light

weight aggregates, superabsorbent polymers, or


saturated wood fibres) created. ‘Internal curing’

is often referred as ‘Self-Curing’.

1.5 Polyethylene glycol

Polyethylene glycol (PEG), otherwise

known as polyoxyethylene or poly ethylene

oxide (PEO), is a synthetic polyether that is

readily available in a range of molecular

weights. Materials with Mw <100,000 are

usually called PEGs, while higher molecular

weight polymers are classified as PEOs. These

polymers are amphilic and soluble in water as

well as in many organic solvents (e.g.,

methylene chloride, ethanol, toluene, acetone,

and chloroform). Low molecular weight

(Mw <1,000) PEGs are viscous and colourless

liquids, while higher molecular weight PEGs

are waxy, white solids with melting points

proportional to their molecular weights to an

upper limit of about 67°C.

PEG and PEO are liquid of low melting

solids, depending on their molecular weight.

PEGs are prepared by polymerization of

ethylene oxide and are commercially available

over a wide range of molecular weights from

300g/mol to 10,000,000g/mol.

PEGs are also available with different

geometries.

i) Branched PEGs have three to ten PEG

chains emanating from a central core

group.

ii) Star PEGs have 10 to 100 PEG chains

emanating from a central core group.

iii) Comb PEG s have multiple PEG chains

normally grafted onto a polymer

backbone.

The numbers that are often included

in the names of PEGS indicate their

average molecular weights ( e.g. a

PEG with n=9 would have an average

molecular weight of approximately

4000 daltons, and would be labelled

PEG 4000.

PEG is soluble

in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benze

ne, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble

in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to

hydrophobic molecules to produce non-

ionic surfactants.

2.LITERATURE REVIEW

M.V.Jagannadha Kumar, M.Srikanth,

Dr.K.Jagannadha Rao [1]

Studied that self curing concrete is

provided to absorb water from moisture from

air to achieve better hydration of cement in

concrete. In this shrinkage reducing admixture

polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) is a self curing

compound. Two types of grades are taken i.e.,

M20 and M40 grades of concrete. In this study

the self curing agent is added to concrete with

0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% by weight of cement. The

experimental programme involves the

compressive, tensile and modulus of rupture

for M20 and M40 grades of concrete. For M20

grade of concrete totally 15 cubes, 15

cylinders, 15 beams are casted. Similarly for

M40 grade of concrete totally 15 cubes, 15

cylinders, 15 beams are casted to evaluate the

strength properties. The size of the cube is

150mm×150mm×150mm, size of cylinder is

300mm×150mm and size of beam is

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetonitrile

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloromethane

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethyl_ether

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexane

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant


100mm×100mm×400mm. The investigation

aimed at studying on concrete with different

quantities of cement for M20 grade of

concrete is (340Kg/m3) and for M40 grade for

concrete the cement content was found to be

440kg/m3 for both for self and air- curing

concrete and compare the results for different

test. It was conclude that:

i) The optimum dosage of PEG400 for

maximum strengths (compressive,

tensile and modulus of rupture) was

found to be 1% for M20 and 0.5% for

M40 grades of concrete.

ii) As percentage of polyethylene glycol

(PEG400) increases automatically

slump increases for both M20 and


Sathanandham.T1, Gobinath.R2,

NaveenPrabhu.M3, Gnanasundar.S3,

Vajravel K3, Sabariraja.G3, Manoj kumar.R3,

Jagathishprabu.R3 [2]

Studied that self curing concrete is

provided to absorb water from moisture from

air to achieve better hydration of cement in

concrete. In this shrinkage reducing admixture

polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) is a self curing

compound. Two types of grades are taken i.e.,

M20 grade of concrete. In this study the self

curing agent is added to concrete with 0.5%,

1%, 1.5%, 2% by weight of cement. The

experimental programme involves the

compressive, tensile and modulus of rupture

for M20 grade of concrete. For M20 grade of

concrete totally 24 cubes are casted to

evaluate the compressive strength property.

The size of the cube is

150mm×150mm×150mm. The investigation

aimed at studying on concrete with different

quantities of cement for M20 grade of

concrete is (350Kg/m3). The compressive

strength results are taken at 7, 14, 28 days of

curing. It was conclude that:

i) The optimum dosage of PEG4000 for

maximum strengths (compressive)

was found to be 1.5% for M20 grade of

concrete.

ii) As percentage of polyethylene glycol

(PEG400) increases automatically

slump increases for both M20 and


Prof. Vinayak Vijapur1, Manjunath .G.

Tontanal2 [3]

Investigated behaviour of self cured

steel fibre reinforced concrete. Fibres are use

din concrete to control cracking due to both

plastic and drying shrinkage which reduces the

permeability of concrete and bleeding of

water. In this study steel fibres are used as an

admixture and pumice aggregates as an self

curing agent. The grade of concrete was found

to be M30. The steel fibres are added to

concrete with 2% by volume fraction and self

curing agent i.e., pumice aggregates are

replaced by natural aggregates by different

percentages i.e., 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%,

50%. The experimental programme involves

the sorptivity, water absorption test and


strength properties of concrete. In casing

programme the cubes are casted by taking the

pumice aggregates in 24 hrs water absorption

condition and without water absorption

condition and the results are compared. It was

conclude that:

i) In compressive strength test, flexural,

split tensile, shear strength test with

air curing at 30% replacement of

pumice aggregates by natural

aggregates gives the higher strength. If

the dosage of pumice aggregates

increased automatically strength

decreases.

ii) In compressive strength test, flexural,

split tensile, shear strength test with

water curing at 0% replacement of

pumice aggregates by natural

aggregates gives the higher strength. If

the dosage of pumice aggregates

increased automatically strength

decreases.

Amal Francis k#1, Jino John#2 [4]

Investigated on mechanical properties

of self curing concrete. In this shrinkage

reducing admixture superabsorbent

polymer(SAP) is a self curing compound. The

grade of concrete was found to be M40. In this

study the self curing agent is added to concrete

with 0%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% by weight of

cement. The experimental programme

involves the compressive, tensile and flexural

strength for M40 grade of concrete. The size of

the cube is 150mm×150mm×150mm, beam

dimensions are 100mm×100mm×400mm,

cylinder dimensions are 300mm×150mm. The

investigation aimed at studying on concrete

with different quantities of cement for M40

grade of concrete is (350Kg/m3). The

compressive strength, flexural, split tensile

results are taken at 3, 7, 28 days of curing and

compare the results with air curing It was

conclude that:

i) The optimum dosage of SAP for

maximum strengths (compressive,

flexural, split tensile strength) was

found to be 0.3% for M40 grade of

concrete.

3. 1 Mix Design For M25

S.No. Description Quantity

1. Grade of Concrete = M25

2. Grade of cement = OPC 53

3. Minimum cement

content= 300 kg/m3

4. Maximum cement content

= 540 kg/m3

5. Maximum w/c ratio = 0.45

6. Adopt w/c ratio = 0.40

7. Maximum water content 186 lit

8. Adopt water 180 lit

9. Target strength =

25+1.65(4) 31.6MPa

10. Volume of coarse

aggregate 0.62

11. Volume of fine aggregate

= 1-0.62 = 0.38

0.35

(adopt)

12. Cement content =180/0.40 450 kg/m3

13. Volume of cement = -450

3.07𝑥

1

1000

0.146m3

14. Volume of water = 186

1𝑥

1

1000

0.186m3

15. Volume of all in

aggregates = 1-

(0.146+0.186)

0.667m3

16. Mass of fine aggregates =

(0.667X0.35x2.60x 1000) 607 kg/m3

17. Mass of coarse aggregates

= (0.667x0.62x2.80x1000)

1158

kg/m3


Quantity of Materials per m3 of GPC mix

1. Cement 450 kg/m3

2 Fine Aggregate 607 kg/m3

3. Coarse Aggregate 1158

kg/m3

4. Water 180 kg/m3

Ratio 1:1.34:2.5

3.2 Cubes

Standard cube moulds of size

150X150X150mm are made of cast iron were

used for obtaining strength and durability

properties.

3.3 Mixing

It was found that the fresh concrete

was dark in colour. The amount of water in the

mixture played an important role on the

behaviour of fresh concrete. When the mixing

time was long, mixtures with high water

content bleed and segregation of aggregates and

the paste occurred. This phenomenon was

usually followed by low compressive strength

of hardened concrete. The effects of water

content in the mixture and the mixing time were

critical parameters which decide the concrete

should be within five to seven minutes as for

the concrete and while mixing the following

steps should be followed:

i) First mix all dry materials in the pan

mixer.

ii) Add the liquid component of the

mixture at the end of dry mixing, and

continue the wet mixing for another

four minutes.

Mixing of materials in 90 kg

mixer

3.4 Curing

After completion of casting all the

specimens were kept to maintain the ambient

conditions viz., temperature of 27±2 C and

90% relative humidity for 24hrs. The

specimens were removed from the mould and

kept in lab for indoor curing.

3.5 Compressive strength

S.N

O

TYPE

OF

CONCR

ETE

GRA

DE

OF

MIX

%

OF

PEG

C-

400

AVERAGE

COMPRES

SIVE

STRENGT

H AT

7DAYS

(N/mm2)

1.

Conventi

onal

concrete

M25 0 17.34

2 Self-

curing

concrete

M25 0.5% 18.85

M25 1.0% 19.95

M25 1.5% 18.11

Compressive Strength values for 7 days

Compressive Strength of Concrete for 7 days

0

5

10

15

20

25

M25 M25 M25 M25

Conventional concrete Self-curing Concrete

% OF PEGC-400

AVERAGE COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH AT 7 DAYS(N/mm2)


S.N

O

TYPE

OF

CONCR

ETE

GRA

DE

OF

MIX

%

OF

PEG

C-

400

AVERAGE

COMPRES

SIVE

STRENGT

H AT

28DAYS

(N/mm2)

1.

Conventi

onal

concrete

M25 0 29.89

2 Self-

curing

concrete

M25 0.5% 32.81

M25 1.0% 36.55

M25 1.5% 35.11

Compressive Strength values for 28 days

Compressive strength at the age of 28 days for

different Activator ratios Split Tensile Strength Test

S.N

O

TYPE

OF

CONCR

ETE

GRA

DE

OF

MIX

%

OF

PEG

C-

400

AVERA

GE

SPLIT

TENSIL

E

STRENG

TH AT

7DAYS

(N/mm2)

1.

Conventio

nal

concrete

M25 0 1.78

2 Self-

curing

concrete

M25 0.5% 1.70

M25 1.0% 2.12

M25 1.5% 2.05

Split Tensile Strength of Concrete for 7 days

Split Tensile Strength of Concrete for 7 days

S.N

O

TYPE OF

CONCRE

TE

GRAD

E OF

MIX

%

OF

PEG

C-400

AVERAG

E SPLIT

TENSILE

STRENG

TH AT

28DAYS

(N/mm2)

1.

Conventional concrete

M25 0 2.12

2 Self-curing concrete

M25 0.5% 2.34

M25 1.0% 2.69

M25 1.5% 2.90

Split Tensile Strength of Concrete for 28

days

Split Tensile Strength of Concrete for 28

days

Split tensile strength test on cylinder

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

M25 M25 M25 M25


% OF PEGC-400

AVERAGE COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH AT 28 DAYS(N/mm2)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

M25 M25 M25 M25

Conventionalconcrete

Self-curing Concrete

% OF PEGC-400

AVERAGE TENSILE STRENGTH AT7 DAYS (N/mm2)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

M25 M25 M25 M25


% OF PEGC-400

AVERAGE TENSILESTRENGTH AT 28 DAYS(N/mm2)


S.N

O

TYPE

OF

CONCR

ETE

GRA

DE

OF

MIX

%

OF

PEG

C-

400

AVERAG

E

DURABIL

ITY OF

CONCRE

TE AT

7DAYS

(N/mm2)

1.

Conventi

onal

concrete

M25 0 15.75

2 Self-

curing

concrete

M25 0.5% 16.00

M25 1.0% 17.55

M25 1.5% 16.64

Durability of concrete for 7 days


S.N

O

TYPE OF

CONCRE

TE

GRA

DE

OF

MIX

%

OF

PEG

C-

400

AVERAGE

DURABILI

TY OF

CONCRET

E AT 28

DAYS

(N/mm2)

1.

Conventio

nal

concrete

M25 0 25.00

2 Self-curing

concrete

M25 0.5% 27.00

M25 1.0% 29.11

M25 1.5% 29.66


Durability of concrete for 28 days Nomencl

ature of

mix

Number of days

0

da

ys

3

da

ys

7

da

ys

10

da

ys

14

da

ys

21

da

ys

28

da

ys

Air

curing

0 0 5.8 8.87

10 16 20

Water

curing

0 0 3.7 5 6.87

8 10

PEG-

400-0.5%

0 0 4.2 5.62

7.5 11 14.5

PEG-

400-1%

0 0 5 6.37

8.12

12.7

16.5

PEG-

400-1.5%

0 0 4 5.5 7.12

8.5 11

Average Acid Attacking Factor values of

PEG 400 when immersed in 5% HCL

Average Acid Attacking

Factor values of PEG 400 when

immersed in 5% HCL

Nomencla

ture of

mix

0

mi

n

10

mi

n

30

Mi

n

60

mi

n

12

0

mi

n

24

0

mi

n

36

0

Mi

n

Air

curing

0 0.0

3

0.0

6

0.0

7

0.1

5

0.2

2

0.2

8

Water

curing

0 0 0.0

2

0.0

4

0.0

6

0.0

9

0.1

1

PEG-400-

0.5%

0 0.0

1

0.0

3

0.0

5

0.0

8

0.1

2

0.1

9

PEG-400-

1%

0 0.0

2

0.0

4

0.0

6

0.0

9

0.1

6

0.2

PEG-400-

1.5%

0 0 0.0

2

0.0

4

0.0

7

0.1 0.1

3

Water absorption values of PEG 400

(W/A) in cm

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

M25 M25 M25 M25


% OF PEGC-400

AVERAGE DURABILITY OFCONCRETE AT 7 DAYS(N/mm2)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

M25 M25 M25 M25


% OF PEGC-400

AVERAGE DURABILITY OFCONCRET AT 28 DAYS(N/mm2)

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 days 3 days 7 days 10days

14days

21days

28days

Air Curing

Water Curing

PEG-400-0.5%

PEG-400-1%

PEG-400-1.5%


Water absorption values of PEG 400

(W/A) in cm

4. CONCLUSIONS

Based on the experimental investigations,

“Engineering properties of concrete” such as

Compressive strength, split tensile, durability

and stress-strain curve.

1. Strength of self-curing concrete is high

when compared with conventional

concrete.

2. Self-curing concrete is reducing the

improper curing problems.

3. Self-Curing concrete is an alternative

method to conventional concrete in desert

regions where scarcity of water is a major

problem.

4. The optimum dosage of PEG-400 for

maximum Compressive strength was found to

be 1.0% for M25 of concrete.

5. Wrapped curing is less efficient than

Membrane curing and Self-curing it can be

applied to simple as well as complex shapes.

6. In compression strength aspect the

incremental change in the strength was

observed and it is more than 1.25 times than the

conventional concrete.

7. In the split tensile strength aspect we

observed the incremental change which is

1.1times more than the conventional concrete.

5 .REFERENCES:

1. M.V. Jaganadha Kumar, M. Srikanth,

Dr.K. Jaganadha Rao “Strength

Characteristics of Self-curing

Concrete” IJERT | Sep 2012.

2. Sathanandham.T1,Gobinath.R2,Navee

nPrabhu.M3,Gnanasundar.S3,Vajravel

.K3,Sabariraja.G3, Manoj kumar.R3,

Jagathishprabu.R3 “ Preliminary

Studies of Self curing Concrete With

the addition of Polyethylene glycol”

IJERT, Vol. 2 Issue 11, November –

2013 ISSN: 2278-0181.

3. Prof. Vinayak Vijapur, Manjunath .G.

Tontanal “ An Experimental

Investigation on Behaviour of Self

Cured Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete ̋

International Journal of Emerging

Trends in Engineering and

Development, Issue 3, Vol.5

(September 2013) , ISSN 2249-6149.

4. Amal Francis k#1, Jino John#2 “

Experimental Investigation on

Mechanical Properties of Self Curing

Concrete” International Journal of

Emerging Trends in Engineering and

Development Issue 3, Vol.2 (March

2013) , ISSN 2249-6149.

5. Amr S. El-Dieb, Tamer A. El-

Maaddawy, Ahmed A. M. Mahmud “

Water-Soluble Polymers as Self curing

agents in cement mixes”, Advances in

Cement Research,2012, Volume 24

Issue 5.

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

Air Curing

Water Curing

PEG-400-0.5%

PEG-400-1%

PEG-400-1.5%


6. RK. Dhir’, P.C. Hewlett** and T.D.

Dyer*, “ Durability of Self Cured

Concrete ” Cement and Concrete

Research, Vol. 25. No. 6, pp. 1153-

1158.1995.

7. Semion Zhutovsky, Konstantin Kovler

“Effect of internal curing on durability-

related properties of high

performance concrete” Cement and

Concrete Research 42 (2012) 20–26.

8. C. Chella Gifta*1, S. Prabavathy2 and

G. Yuvaraj Kumar2 “Study on Internal

Curing of High Performance Concrete

Using Super Absorbent Polymers and

Light Weight Aggregates ̋ Asian Journal

of Civil Engineering (BHRC) , vol. 14,

no. 5 (2013).

9. Ryan Henkensiefken.a,⁎, Javier

Castro.b, Dale Bentz.c, Tommy

Nantung.d, Jason Weiss.b “Water

Absorption in Internally Cured Mortar

made with Water-filled Lightweight

Aggregate ” Cement and Concrete

Research 39 (2009) 883–892.

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