Drugs & Dosages

8/3/2019 Drugs & Dosages

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DRUGS

&

DOSAGES



Terms

Given dose (GD)Recommended dose (RD)mg/kg/dose (mkd)mg/kg/day (mkD)

Actual dose (AD)

Preparation (prep)

Frequency



Given Dose

GD = RD x 1/prep x weight GD = RD x 1/prep x weight

frequency

1. Eg. 4 yr-old female with feverwt= 15 kgs

? Given dose

Paracetamol 250mg/5ml



2. 2 yr-old male child

wt = 9.5 kg

Amoxicillin 125mg/5ml? GD

Amoxicillin 40-60 mg/kg/D q6-8h

PO or IV



Actual Dose

AD = GD x prep

weight

AD = GD x prep x frequencyweight



4 yr-old male, wt= 15kg

Paracetamol 250 mg/5ml, 5ml

? AD

2 yr-old female, wt 8 kg

Amoxicillin 125mg/5ml, 3 ml q 8h

? AD



Recommended Doses of Common Drugs

ANALGESICS/ ANTIPYRETICSNon-opioid analgesics

Paracetamol 10-15 mkd q4-6h PO, IV

NSAIDSAspirin (ASA) pain: 10-15 mkd 4-6h PO

KD : 80-100 mkD q6h PORF : 60-100 mkD q6h PO



ANALGESICS/ ANTIPYRETICS

NSAIDSIbuprofen 5-10 mkD q6-8h POMefenamic Acid 6.5 mkD TID POAcetaminophen 10-15 mkd PO

OpioidsMeperidine for pain: 50-150 mg q3-4h IM/SCNalbuphine 0.1- 0.2 mkd q3-6h SC/IM/IV Tramadol 50-100 mg QID PO/IV



ANTIBIOTICS

AminoglycosidesAmikacin sulfate 7.5 mkD; 5 mkD TID IVGentamicin sulfate 3mkD q12h IVNetilmicin sulfate 2-2.5 mkD q 8h IV

Cephalosphorins

1st GenerationCephalexin 25-50 mkD q8h PO/IVCefazolin 50-100 mkD q8h IV/IM



Cephalosporins

2nd

GenerationCefaclor 20 mKD q8h POCefuroxime 30-100 mkD q8h PO/IV/IMCefoxitin 20-40 mkD q6-12h IV

3rd

GenerationCefoperazone 50-200 mkD q8h IVCeftriaxone 20-80 mkD q24h IV/IMCeftazidime 150 mkD q8h IV/IMCefotaxime 150 mkD q6-8h IVCefixime 1.5-3 mkD q12h PO



4th GenerationCefepime 50 mkD q8-12h IV/IM

Chloramphenicol 50-100 mkD q 6h PO

MacrolidesErythromycin 30-50 mkD BIDClarithromycin 30-50 mkD BID

Azithromycin 10 mkD OD for 3 days only



PENICILLINS

Penicillin G 50-100,000 u/kg/day q8h

Amoxicillin 40-60 mkD q6-8h PO

Co-amoxiclav 25 mkD q8h POAmpicillin 25-200 mkD q6h IV/IM

Ampicillin-sulbactam 100-200 mkD q4-8h

IV/ IMCloxacillin 50-100 mkD q6h PO

Oxacillin 50-100 mkD q4-6h IV

Flucloxacillin 250-500 mg cap QID (adults)



Quinolones

Ciprofloxacin C: 15-30mkD q12h PO/IV

A: 250-750 mg q 12h PO/IV/IM

Levofloxacin 250-500 mg ODOfloxacin 200-400 mg BID

Norfloxacin 200-400 mg BID



Sulfonamide Combination

Trimethroprim sulfamethoxazole/

Co-trimoxazole 8-10 mkD q12h PO

Trimethroprim sulfadiazine 120-200 mkD q6hPO



Tetracyclines

Doxycycline 2-5 mkD q12-24h PO or IV

Minocycline 100 mg BID x 5-14 days (adults)

Tetracycline 25-50 mkD q6h PO



Antihelminthics

Mebendazole 500 mg or 10 ml single dose

100 mg or 5 ml BID x 3 days

Pyrantel pamoate 10-20 mg/kg single doseOxantel pamoate 10-20 mg/kg single dose

ANTIPROTOZOALS/ AMOEBICIDE

Metronidazole 35-50 mkD q8hDialonoxide furoate 20 mkD q 8h for 10 days



ANTICONVULSANTS

Diazepam 0.05- 0.3 mkd IV given over 2-3 min;may repeat q 30 min to maximal total dose of 5-

10 mg (status epilepticus)PhenytoinLoading dose: 15-18 mg/kg IV; do not exceed

1-3 mg/kg/min

Mainrenance dose: 6-10 mkD q12-24h



ANTICONVULSANTS

PhenobarbitalLoading dose: 15-20 mg/dose PO or IV (A&C)

Maintenance dose:Neonates 3- 4 mkD q12-24h PO/ IV

Children 5-6 mkD q12-24h PO/IV

Adults 1-3 mkD q12-24h PO/IV



ANTI-TUBERCULOUS

Ethambutol 15mkD q 24h PO

Isoniazid (INH) 10-20 mkD q 12-24h PO

Rifampicin 10-20 mkD q24h PO; q12-24h IVStreptomycinNeonates 10-20 mkD q 24h IMChildren 20-40 mkD q 12h IM

Pyrazinamide (PZA) 15-40 mkD q 12-24h PO



Exercises

DRUGS

&

DOSAGES



Problem 1

An 8-year old child weighing 21 kg wasdiagnosed with amoebiasis. How much

Metronidazole would you give if the availablepreparation is 125 mg/5ml?



Problem 2

A 2.8 kg male neonate was thickly-meconium-stained upon delivery. Patient was noted to be

tachypneic. Antibiotics were started: Ampedia125 mg q 6h IVTT and Amikin (100mg/2mlamp) 0.25 mg q24h IVTT. What are the actualdoses?



Problem 3

A 26 kg child was brought for consult formoderate-grade fever for 3 days associated with

corryza and occasional non-productive cough.Mother gave 1 tbsp of Calpol 6 Plus (250mg/5ml) every 4 hours which gave temporary relief.Was the given dose enough or too much? If not,how much would you give?



Problem 4

A 16-kg female child was diagnosed with PCAP-B. No previous antibiotic was given at home.What is the drug of choice and how muchwould you give?



Problem 5

A 5-year old boy weighing 18 kg was admittedat ward 1. He was given Zinnat 125mg/5ml 5ml q8h. What is the actual dose?



THANK YOU !!!

Drugs & Dosages

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