EE2258 Linear Intergrated Circuits Lab Manual

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    VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

    SRM NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR

    DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

    ENGINEERING

    LAB MANUAL

    NAME :

    REGISTER NUMBER:

    CLASS :

    SEMESTER : IV SEM

    SUBJECT CODE : EE 2258

    SUBJECT : LINEAR AND DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB

    1

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    SYLLABUS

    EE 2258 LINEAR AND DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LABORATORY

    AIM:To study various digital & linear integrated circuits used in simple system

    configuration.

    LIST OF !"#IM$TS:

    1. Study of %asic igital I'(s. )erification of trut* ta+le for A$, O#, !O#, $OT, $O#, $A$, - FF, #S FF, FF/

    0. Implementation of %oolean Functions, Adder Su+tractor circuits.2.a/. 'ode converters, "arity generator and parity c*ec3ing, 4cess 2, 0s

    'omplement, %inary to gray code using suita+le I'(s .

    +/ ncoders and ecoders: ecimal and Implementation of 56+it s*ift registers inSISO,SI"O,"ISO,"I"O modes using suita+le I'(s.

    5. 'ounters: esign and implementation of 56+it modulo counters as sync*ronousand async*ronous types using FF I'(s and specific counter I'.

    7. S*ift #egisters: esign and implementation of 56+it s*ift registers in SISO, SI"O,"ISO, "I"O modes using suita+le I'(s.

    8. Multiple4 e6multiple4 : Study of 5:19 :1 multiple4er and Study of 1:59 1:demultiple4er

    ;. Timer I' application.Study of $S 777 timer in Asta+le, Monosta+le operation.

    . Application of Op6Amp6I Sle< rate verifications, inverting and non6inverting amplifier, Adder,

    comparator,Integrator and ifferentiator.

    =. Study of Analog to igital 'onverter and igital to Analog 'onverter: )erification

    of A conversion using dedicated I'(s.

    1>. Study of )'O and "LL I's i. )oltage to fre?uency c*aracteristics of $ S 788 I'. ii. Fre?uency multiplication using $S 787 "LL I'.

    " @ 57 Total @ 57

    0

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    CONTENTS

    Sl.No Dat Na! o" t# E$%&'!(t Pa) No. Ma&*+ A,a&-- /01

    Average Mar3s

    4. $o:

    5

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    ate:STUDY OF BASIC DIGITAL ICS

    AIM:

    To verify t*e trut* ta+le of +asic digital I's of A$, O#, $OT, $A$, $O#, !6O#gates.

    APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S.$o $ame of t*e Apparatus #ange Cuantity

    1. igital I' trainer 3it 1

    0. A$ gate I' ;5> 1

    2. O# gate I' ;520 1

    5. $OT gate I' ;5>5 1

    7. $A$ gate I' ;5>> 1

    8. $O# gate I' ;5>0 1

    ;. !6O# gate I' ;58 1

    . 'onnecting

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    A $A$ gate is a complemented A$ gate. T*e output of t*e $A$ gate ( if all t*e input signals are E1( and (.

    e. $O# gate:

    A $O# gate is a complemented O# gate. T*e output of t*e O# gate ( and ( if any one of t*e input signal is E1(.

    f. !6O# gate:

    An 46O# gate performs t*e follo( :

    8

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    T#BTH TA%L:

    S.$oI$"BT OBT"BT

    A % @ A G %1. > > >0. > 1 12. 1 > 15. 1 1 1

    $OT AT

    LOI' IA#AM:

    "I$ IA#AM OF I' ;5>5 :

    'I#'BIT IA#AM:

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    'I#'BIT IA#AM:

    T#BTH TA%L:

    S.$oI$"BT OBT"BT

    A % @ A. %/(1. > > 10. > 1 12. 1 > 15. 1 1 >

    $O# AT

    LOI' IA#AM:

    "I$ IA#AM OF I' ;5>0 :

    1>

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    'I#'BIT IA#AM:

    T#BTH TA%L:

    S.$oI$"BT OBT"BT

    A % @ A G %/(

    1. > > 10. > 1 >2. 1 > >5. 1 1 >

    !6O# AT

    LOI' IA#AM

    "I$ IA#AM OF I' ;58:

    'I#'BIT IA#AM:

    11

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    T#BTH TA%L:

    S.$oI$"BT OBT"BT

    A % @ A %1. > > >0. > 1 12. 1 > 15. 1 1 >

    DISCUSSION UESTIONS:

    1. J*at is Integrated 'ircuitK

    0. J*at is a Logic gateK

    2. J*at are t*e +asic digital logic gatesK

    5. J*at are t*e gates called universal gatesK

    7. J*y $A$ and $O# gates are called universal gatesK8. J*at are t*e properties of !6$O# gateK

    #SBLT:

    T*e trut* ta+les of all t*e +asic digital I's

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    ate:DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ADDER4SUBTRACTOR

    AIM:

    To design and construct *alf adder, full adder, *alf su+tractor and full su+tractor circuitsand verify t*e trut* ta+le using logic gates.

    APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S. No Na! S%'"'at'o( 6a(t't7

    1. I' ;520, ;5>, ;58, ;52 1

    0. igital I' Trainer it 1

    2. "atc* c*ords 6

    T3EORY:

    T*e most +asic arit*metic operation is t*e addition of t G > @ >> G 1 @ 11 G > @ 1

    1 G 1 @ 1>0

    T*e first t*ree operations produce a sum of

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    T#BTH TA%L:

    S.$oI$"BT OBT"BT

    A % S '

    1. > > > >0. > 1 1 >2. 1 > 1 >5. 1 1 > 1

    SI$:

    From t*e trut* ta+le t*e e4pression for sum and carry +its of t*e output can +eo+tained as, Sum, S @ A % 9 'arry, ' @ A . %

    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

    FBLL A#

    T#BTH TA%L:

    S.$oI$"BT OBT"BT

    A % ' SBM 'A##1. > > > > >0. > > 1 1 >2. > 1 > 1 >5. > 1 1 > 17. 1 > > 1 >8. 1 > 1 > 1;. 1 1 > > 1. 1 1 1 1 1

    SI$:

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    From t*e trut* ta+le t*e e4pression for sum and carry +its of t*e output can +e o+tainedas,SBM @ A(%(' G A(%'( G A%('( G A%'9'A## @ A(%' G A%(' G A%'( GA%'Bsing arnaug* maps t*e reduced e4pression for t*e output +its can +e o+tained as,

    SBM

    SBM @ A(%(' G A(%'( G A%('( G A%' @ A % '

    'A##

    'A## @ A% G A' G %'

    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

    HALF SB%T#A'TO#:

    17

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    A com+inational circuit > > >0. > 1 1 12. 1 > 1 >5. 1 1 > >

    SI$:

    From t*e trut* ta+le t*e e4pression for difference and +orro< +its of t*e output can +eo+tained as, ifference, IFF @ A %9 %orro

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    T#BTH TA%L:

    S.$oI$"BT OBT"BT

    A % ' IFF %O##1. > > > > >

    0. > > 1 1 12. > 1 > 1 15. > 1 1 > 17. 1 > > 1 >8. 1 > 1 > >;. 1 1 > > >. 1 1 1 1 1

    SI$:

    From t*e trut* ta+le t*e e4pression for difference and +orro< +its of t*e output can +e

    o+tained as,

    ifference, IFF@ A(%(' G A(%'( G A%('( G A%'%orro

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    PROCEDURE:

    T*e connections are given as per t*e circuit diagram.

    T

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    4. $o:ate:

    PARITY GENERATOR C3EC9ER

    AIM:To design and verify t*e trut* ta+le of a t*ree +it Odd "arity generator and c*ec3er &

    ven "arity enerator And '*ec3er.

    APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S.$o $ame of t*e Apparatus #ange Cuantity

    1. igital I' trainer 3it 1

    0. !6O# gate I' ;58

    2.$OT gate I' ;5>5

    5. 'onnecting

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    "A#IT $#ATO#

    T#BTH TA%L:

    S.$o

    I$"BT

    T*ree +itmessage/

    OBT"BT Odd "arity +it/ OBT"BT ven "arity +it/

    A % ' " "1. > > > 1 >0. > > 1 > 12. > 1 > > 15. > 1 1 1 >7. 1 > > > 18. 1 > 1 1 >;. 1 1 > 1 >

    . 1 1 1 > 1

    From t*e trut* ta+le t*e e4pression for t*e output parity +it is," A, %, '/ @ >, 2, 7, 8/Also

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    "A#IT 'H'#

    PROCEDURE:

    1. 'onnections are given as per t*e circuit diagrams.0. For all t*e I's ;t* pin is grounded and 15t*pin is given G7 ) supply.

    2. Apply t*e inputs and verify t*e trut* ta+le for t*e "arity generator and c*ec3er.

    DISCUSSION UESTIONS:

    1. J*at is parity +itK0. J*y parity +it is added to messageK2. J*at is parity c*ec3erK5. J*at is odd parity and even parityK7. J*at are t*e gates involved for parity generatorK

    RESULT:

    T*e design of t*e t*ree +it odd "arity generator and c*ec3er& ven "arity enerator and'*ec3er circuits

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    4. $o:ate:

    CODE CONVERTER

    AIM:

    To construct and verify t*e performance of +inary to gray and gray to +inary.

    APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S. No Na! S%'"'at'o( 6a(t't7

    1. I' ;5>5, ;58 1

    0. igital I' Trainer it 1

    2. "atc* c*ords 6

    T3EORY:

    %I$A# TO #A:

    T*e MS% of t*e +inary code alone remains unc*anged in t*e ray code. T*e remaining

    +its in t*e gray are o+tained +y !6O# ing t*e corresponding gray code +it and previous +it in

    t*e +inary code. T*e gray code is often used in digital systems +ecause it *as t*e advantage t*at

    only one +it in t*e numerical representation c*anges +et

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    %I$A# TO #A:

    #A TO %I$A#

    02

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    TRUT3 TABLE

    ecimal %inary code ray codeD ' % A 2 0 1 O

    > > > > > > > > >

    1 > > > 1 > > > 10 > > 1 > > > 1 12 > > 1 1 > > 1 >5 > 1 > > > 1 1 >7 > 1 > 1 > 1 1 18 > 1 1 > > 1 > 1; > 1 1 1 > 1 > > 1 > > > 1 1 > >= 1 > > 1 1 1 > 11> 1 > 1 > 1 1 1 111 1 > 1 1 1 1 1 >10 1 1 > > 1 > 1 >12 1 1 > 1 1 > 1 115 1 1 1 > 1 > > 117 1 1 1 1 1 > > >

    DISCUSSION UESTIONS:

    1. List t*e procedures to convert gray code into +inaryK0. J*y

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    4. $o:ate:

    /1 ENCODER

    AIM:

    To design and implement encoder using I' ;515 62 encoder/

    APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S. No Na! S%'"'at'o( 6a(t't7

    1. I' ;515 1

    0. igital I' Trainer it 1

    2. "atc* c*ords 6

    T3EORY:

    An encoder is digital circuit t*at *as 0ninput lines and n output lines. T*e output lines

    generate a +inary code corresponding to t*e input values 2 encoder circuit *as inputs, one

    for eac* of t*e octal digits and t*ree outputs t*at generate t*e corresponding +inary num+er.

    na+le inputs 1s*ould +e connected to ground and os*ould +e connected to )''

    PROCEDURE:

    'onnections are given as per t*e logic diagram.

    T*e trut* ta+le is verified +y varying t*e inputs.

    PIN DIAGRAM

    O U T P2

    N I N P U T

    N

    E N C O D E R

    /

    2

    /

    2

    N2 N : /

    2 N

    07

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    TRUTH TABLE

    1I$"BTS OBT"BTS

    A> A1 A0 A2 A5 A7 A8 A; 0 1 >> > 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > > >> 1 > 1 1 1 1 1 1 > > 1> 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 >> 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 > 1 1> 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 > >> 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 > 1> 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 >> 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

    2) DECODERAIM:

    To design and implement decoder using I' ;5177 26 decoder/.

    APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S. No Na! S%'"'at'o( 6a(t't7

    1. I' ;5177 1

    0. igital I' Trainer it 1

    2. "atc* c*ords 6

    08

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    T3EORY:

    A decoder is a com+inational circuit t*at converts +inary information from n input lines

    to 0nuni?ue output lines.

    In 26 line decoder t*e t*ree inputs are decoded into rig*t outputs in for proper operation.

    PROCEDURE:

    'onnections are given as per t*e logic diagram.

    T*e trut* ta+le is verified +y varying t*e inputs.

    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

    O U T PN

    /

    2

    /

    2

    N

    N I N P U T D E C O D E R

    2 N2 N : /

    0;

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    4. $o:ate:

    MULTIPLEXER DEMULTIPLEXER

    AIM:

    To design and verify t*e trut* ta+le of a 5!1 Multiple4er & 1!5 emultiple4er.APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S.$o $ame of t*e Apparatus #ange Cuantity1. igital I' trainer 3it 10. O# gate I' ;5202. $OT gate I' ;5>55. A$ gate t*ree input / I' ;5117. 'onnecting

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    T#BTH TA%L:

    S.$oSL'TIO$ I$"BT OBT"BT

    S1 S0 1. > > I>

    0. > 1 I12. 1 > I05. 1 1 I2

    "I$ IA#AM OF I' ;511:

    'I#'BIT IA#AM:

    2>

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    1!5 MBLTI"L!#

    LOI' SM%OL:

    T#BTH TA%L:

    S.$o

    I$"BT OBT"BT

    S1 S0 in > 1 0 2

    1. > > > > > > >

    0. > > 1 1 > > >

    2. > 1 > > > > >

    5. > 1 1 > 1 > >

    7. 1 > > > > > >

    8. 1 > 1 > > 1 >

    ;. 1 1 > > > > >

    . 1 1 1 > > > 1

    21

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    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

    PROCEDURE:

    1. 'onnections are given as per t*e circuit diagrams.0. For all t*e I's ;t* pin is grounded and 15t*pin is given G7 ) supply.2. Apply t*e inputs and verify t*e trut* ta+le for t*e multiple4er & demultiple4er.

    DISCUSSION UESTIONS:

    1. J*at is t*e ot*er name of de6multiple4erK

    0. 'ompare MB! and 6MB!K2. Ho< many select lines needed for four outputs of 6MB!K5. J*at is ot*er name of multiple4erK7. J*at is serial to parallel converterK8. J*at is t*e use of select linesK;. Ho< to ena+le t*e multiple4erK. J*at are t*e applications of multiple4erK

    RESULT:

    T*e design of t*e 541 Multiple4er and 145 emultiple4er circuits

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    4. $o:ate:

    S3IFT REGISTERS

    AIM:

    To implement t*e follo

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    S3IFT REGISTER:

    I C ; < ;

    >

    / 2 ? < 5 @ ;

    8A/ 0/ // 2/ ?/ 'loc3 Serial input Serial output

    > > >5 1 1 1 110 > >18 > >

    27

    2 /0

    D

    2 C B A

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    PIPO

    'loc3 "arallel input "arallel output

    A % ' CA C% C' C> > > > > > > > >

    1 1 1 > 1 1 1 > 1

    SIPO

    L"t +#'"t

    $o of cl3 pulse Serial input in "arallel output

    C2 C0 C1 C>> > > > > >

    1 1 > > > 1

    0 1 > > 1 1

    2 > > 1 1 >

    5 1 1 1 > 1

    7 > 1 > 1 >

    8 > > 1 > >

    ; > 1 > > >

    > > > > >

    R')#t S#'"t

    $o of cloc3 pulse Serial input in "arallel output

    C2 C0 C1 C>> > > > > >

    1 1 1 > > >

    0 1 > 1 > >

    2 > 1 > 1 >5 1 1 1 > 1

    7 > > 1 1 >

    8 > > > 1 1

    ; > > > > 1

    > > 0 > >

    28

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    DISCUSSION UESTIONS:

    1. J*at is registerK0. J*at are t*e modes of s*ift registerK2. Ho< ring counter is implemented using s*ift registersK

    5. 'ompare parallel and serial su+ registersK7. efine se?uence generatorK8. J*at are t*e types of s*ift registerK;. efine s*ift registers.

    RESULT:

    T*us t*e SISO, SI"O, "ISO, "I"O s*ift registers

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    4. $o:ate:

    ASYNC3RONOUS COUNTER

    AIM:

    To implement and verify t*e trut* ta+le of an async*ronous decade counter.APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S.$o $ame of t*e Apparatus #ange Cuantity1. igital I' trainer 3it 10. - Flip Flop I' ;5;2 05. $A$ gate I' ;5>> 17. 'onnecting

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    'I#'BIT IA#AM:

    T#BTH TA%L:

    S.$o'LO'"BLS

    OBT"BTMS%/ ' % ALS%/

    1 6 > > > >0 1 > > > 1

    2 0 > > 1 >5 2 > > 1 17 5 > 1 > >8 7 > 1 > 1; 8 > 1 1 > ; > 1 1 1= 1 > > >

    1> = 1 > 1 >11 1> > > > >

    PROCEDURE:

    1. 'onnections are given as per t*e circuit diagrams.0. Apply t*e input and verify t*e trut* ta+le of t*e counter.

    DISCUSSION UESTIONS:

    2=

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    1. 'ompare sync*ronous and async*ronous se?uential circuitsK0. J*at is ripple counterK2. J*at is propagation delay in ripple counterK5. efine MO counterK

    7. J*at are t*e applications of countersK8. State t*e types of counterK;. efine +it, +yte and

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    ate:TIMER IC APPLICATIONS I

    ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR1

    AIM:

    To design an asta+le multivi+rator circuit for t*e given specifications using 777 Timer I'.APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S. $o $ame of t*e Apparatus #ange Cuantity1. Function enerator 2 MHD 10. '#O 2> MHD 12. ual #"S > 2> ) 15. Timer I' I' 777 17. %read %oard 18. #esistors

    ;. 'apacitors. 'onnecting

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    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR:

    SI$:

    50

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    iven f@ 5 HD,T*erefore, Total time period, T @ 1f @

    Je 3no.8= #0/ 'T*erefore, #0@

    tc@ >.8= #1 G #0/ 'T*erefore, #1@

    PROCEDURE:

    1. 'onnections are given as per t*e circuit diagram.0. G 7) supply is given to t*e G )cc terminal of t*e timer I'.2. At pin 2 t*e output

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    DISCUSSION UESTIONS:

    1. efine Offset voltage.0. efine duty cycle.2. Mention t*e applications of I'777.5. ive t*e met*ods for o+taining symmetrical s?uare

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    TIMER IC APPLICATIONS II

    MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR1

    AIM:

    To design a monosta+le multivi+rator for t*e given specifications using 777 Timer I'.APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S.$o $ame of t*e Apparatus #ange Cuantity1. Function enerator 2 MHD, Analog 10. '#O 2> MHD 12. ual #"S > 2> ) 15. Timer I' I' 777 17. %read %oard 18. #esistors

    ;. 'apacitors. 'onnecting

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    SI$:

    iven tp@ >.818 ms @ 1.1 #1'T*erefore, #1@

    PROCEDURE:

    1. 'onnections are given as per t*e circuit diagram.0. G 7) supply is given to t*e G )cc terminal of t*e timer I'.2. A negative trigger pulse of 7), 0 HD is applied to pin 0 of t*e 777 I'5. At pin 2 t*e output

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    DISCUSSION UESTIONS:

    1. 4plain t*e operation of I'777 in monosta+le mode.0. J*at is t*e c*arging time for capacitor in monosta+le modeK

    2. J*at are t*e modes of operation of 777 timersK5.Give the comparison between combinational circuits and sequential circuits.5. What do you mean by present state

    !. Give the applications o" 555 timers #$.

    RESULT:

    T*e design of t*e Monosta+le multivi+rator circuit

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    APPLICATIONS OF OPAMP I

    INVERTING AND NON INVERTING AMPLIFIER1

    a. INVERTING AMPLIFIER

    AIM:

    To design an Inverting Amplifier for t*e given specifications using Op6Amp I' ;51.

    APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S.$o $ame of t*e Apparatus #ange Cuantity1. Function enerator 2 MHD 10. '#O 2> MHD 12. ual #"S > 2> ) 1

    5. Op6Amp I' ;51 17. %read %oard 18. #esistors As re?uired;. 'onnecting

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    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF INVERTING AMPLIFIER:

    SI$:Je 3no< for an inverting Amplifier A'L @ #F #1Assume #1 appro4. 1> U/ and find #fHence )Ot*eoretical/ @6 A'L )I

    OBSERVATIONS:

    S.$o. Amplitude $o. of div 4 )olts per div /

    Time period $o. of div 4 Time per div /

    InputOutput T*eoretical 6

    "ractical 6ODEL GRAP3:

    5=

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    I$)#TI$ AM"LIFI#:

    INPUT SIGNAL:

    OUTPUT SIGNAL:

    RESULT:

    T*e design and testing of t*e inverting amplifier is done and t*e input and output

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    AIM:

    To design a $on6Inverting Amplifier for t*e given specifications using Op6Amp I' ;51.

    APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S.$o $ame of t*e Apparatus #ange Cuantity1. Function enerator 2 MHD 10. '#O 2> MHD 12. ual #"S > 2> ) 15. Op6Amp I' ;51 17. %read %oard 18. #esistors As re?uired;. 'onnecting

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    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF NON INVERITNG AMPLIFIER:

    SI$:

    Je 3no< for a $on6inverting Amplifier A'L@ 1 G #F #1/Assume #1 appro4. 1> U / and find #fHence )o@ A'L)i

    OBSERVATIONS:

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    S.$o. Amplitude $o. of div 4 )olts per div /

    Time period $o. of div 4 Time per div /

    InputOutput T*eoretical 6

    "ractical 6

    MODEL GRAP3:$O$ 6 I$)#TI$ AM"LIFI#:

    INPUT SIGNAL:

    OUTPUT SIGNAL:

    DISCUSSION UESTIONS:

    1. J*at do you mean +y linear circuitsK

    0. efine an I'K

    2. J*at is an inverting amplifierK

    5. J*at is t*e type of feed+ac3 employed in t*e inverting op6amp

    7. J*at is a voltage follo

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    RESULT:

    T*e design and testing of t*e $on6inverting amplifier is done and t*e input and output

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    ate: APPLICATIONS OF OPAMP II DIFFERENTIATOR AND INTEGRATOR1

    0. a. IFF#$TIATO#

    AIM:

    To design a ifferentiator circuit for t*e given specifications using Op6Amp I' ;51.APPARATUS REUIRED:

    S.$o $ame of t*e Apparatus #ange Cuantity1. Function enerator 2 MHD 10. '#O 2> MHD 12. ual #"S > 2> ) 15. Op6Amp I' ;51 17. %read %oard 18. #esistors;. 'apacitors

    . 'onnecting

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    SI$:iven fa @ 666666666666666Je 3no< t*e fre?uency at d%, fa @ 1 0X #f'1/

    Let us assume '1@ >.1 WF9 t*en#f@ Since f+@ 0> fa, f+@ 666666666666666Je 3no< t*at t*e gain limiting fre?uency f+@ 1 0X #1'1/Hence #1@ Also since #1'1 @ #f'f 9 'f@

    PROCEDURE:

    1. 'onnections are given as per t*e circuit diagram.0. G )cc and 6 )ccsupply is given to t*e po

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    IFF#$TIATO#:

    INPUT SIGNAL:

    OUTPUT SIGNAL:

    RESULT:

    T*e design of t*e ifferentiator circuit

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    SI$:

    Je 3no< t*e fre?uency at d%, f+ @ 1 0X #1'f/T*erefore f+@ Since f+@ 1> fa, and also t*e gain limiting fre?uency fa@ 1 0X #f'f/Je get, #f@ and *ence #1@

    PROCEDURE:

    1. 'onnections are given as per t*e circuit diagram.

    0. G )cc and 6 )cc supply is given to t*e po

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    8. Jrite t*e disadvantages of ideal differentiator.

    ;. Jrite t*e application of differentiatorK

    . J*y compensation resistance is needed in differentiator and *o<

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    AIM:

    To verify t*e c*aracteristic ta+le of #S, , -, and T Flip flops .

    APPARATUS REUIRED:S.$o $ame of t*e Apparatus #ange Cuantity

    1. igital I' trainer 3it 10. $O# gate I' ;5>02. $OT gate I' ;5>55. A$ gate t*ree input / I' ;5117. $A$ gate I' ;5>>8. 'onnecting

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    T*is is a modification of - Flip Flop, o+tained +y connecting +ot* inputs - and inputstoget*er. T Flip Flop is also called Toggle Flip Flop.

    #S FLI" FLO"

    LOI' SM%OL:

    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

    C3ARACTERISTIC TABLE:

    'LO'"BLS

    I$"BT "#S$TSTAT C/

    $!TSTATCG1/

    STATBSS #

    1 > > > >0 > > 1 12 > 1 > >5 > 1 1 >7 1 > > 18 1 > 1 1; 1 1 > ! 1 1 1 !

    FLI" FLO"

    LOI' SM%OL:

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    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

    C3ARACTERISTIC TABLE:

    'LO'"BLS

    I$"BT

    "#S$TSTAT C/

    $!TSTATCG1/

    STATBS

    1 > > >

    0 > 1 >

    2 1 > 1

    5 1 1 1

    - FLI" FLO"

    LOI' SM%OL:

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    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

    C3ARACTERISTIC TABLE:

    'LO'"BLS

    I$"BT "#S$TSTAT C/

    $!TSTATCG1/

    STATBS-

    1 > > > >0 > > 1 12 > 1 > >5 > 1 1 >7 1 > > 1

    8 1 > 1 1; 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 >

    T FLI" FLO"

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    LOI' SM%OL:

    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

    C3ARACTERISTIC TABLE:

    'LO'

    "BLS

    I$"BT

    T

    "#S$T

    STAT C/

    $!T

    STATCG1/

    STATBS

    1 > > >0 > 1 >2 1 > 15 1 1 >

    PROCEDURE:

    1. 'onnections are given as per t*e circuit diagrams.

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    0. For all t*e I's ;t* pin is grounded and 15t*pin is given G7 ) supply.2. Apply t*e inputs and o+serve t*e status of all t*e flip flops.

    DISCUSSION UESTIONS:

    1. efine flip6flop0. J*at is race around conditionK

    2. 4plain t*e flip6flop e4citation ta+les for flip6flop

    5. 4plain t*e flip6flop e4citation ta+les for - flip6flop

    7. J*at is a master6slave flip6flopK

    8. J*at is edge6triggered flip6flopK

    ;. J*at is t*e operation of flip6flopK

    . J*at are t*e different types of flip6flopK

    RESULT:

    T*e '*aracteristic ta+les of #S, , -, T flip flops

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    AIM:

    To design and test t*e ' po>.1WF,1>>pF,22> WF,00 WF666

    11101116

    PROCEDURE:

    LM;2?:

    i/ 'onnections are made as per t*e circuit diagram

    ii/ Set up t*e input voltage as 7),8) and 1>)

    iii/ )ary t*e resistance #0designing value/ t*e corresponding output voltage are noted

    do

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    LM?/;: LM?/;:

    LM;2?:

    TABULATION:

    8=

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    LM;2?: LM?/;:)in:

    #esistance in o*ms Output voltage )o

    MODEL GRAP3:

    LM;2?:

    LM?/;:

    DISCUSSION UESTIONS:

    ;>

    V'( Vo6t

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    1. J*at are t*e main advantages of voltage regulatorK0. efine line regulator or source regulator2. Ho< is t*e I' ;02 protected from s*ort circuitK5. efine ripple reection