EE 445INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICSCOURSE PRESENTATION

Ahmed Hamidaddin - 221836

AN INTRODUCTION

TO VLSI

2

Introduction

A top down view of computer usage components:

Program/App. Your Choice!

High Level Language

ICS 103

Assembly Language

EE 390

Microprocessor EE 390

Digital Logic Blocks

EE 200

Transistors (MOSFETs & BJTs)

EE 203

VLSI

Manufactured

practically using

3

VLSI?

ICs are the basic block of electronic device design.

They contain many transistors on one chip.

Digital devices rely on digital logic. First half of 20th century ruled by vacuum

tubes. The magical PN junction - 1939 Transistor – 1947, BJT – 1949, TTL –

1962, PMOS – 60’s, NMOS – 70’s, CMOS – 80’s surviving until nowadays.

4

Evolution

Generation Year Logic Blocks

One gate 1960 1

Multi-function 1962 2~20

Medium Scale Integration (MSI)

1967 20~200

Large Scale Integration (LSI) 1972 200~2000

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)

1978 2000~20000

Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI)

1989 20000~

A logic block contains 2+ transistors. You build your microprocessor using these blocks!

5

Moore’s Law

1,000,000

100,000

10,000

1,000

10

100

11975 1980 19851990 1995 2000 20052010

8086

80286i386

i486Pentium®

Pentium® Pro

K 1 Billion Transistors !!!

Source: Intel

Projected

Pentium®

II

Pentium®

III

6

The PN Junction: The Secret Recipe!

7

MOSFET Retrospect

8

CMOS Inverter

A Y

0

1

VDD

A Y

GNDA Y

9

CMOS Inverter: Low Input

A Y

0 1

1 0

VDD

A=0 Y=1

GND

OFF

ON

A Y

I

10

CMOS Inverter: Low Input

A Y

0 1

1 0

A Y

11

CMOS Inverter: High Input

A Y

0

1 0

VDD

A=1 Y=0

GND

ON

OFF

A Y

I

1

12

CMOS Inverter: High Input

A Y

0

1 0

A Y

1

13

CMOS NAND Gate

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1

1 0

1 1

A=0

B=0

Y=1

OFF

ON ON

OFF

14

CMOS NAND Gate

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 1

1 0

1 1

A=0

B=1

Y=1

OFF

OFF ON

ON

15

CMOS NAND Gate

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1

A=1

B=0

Y=1

ON

ON OFF

OFF

16

CMOS NAND Gate

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

A=1

B=1

Y=0

ON

OFF OFF

ON

17

Advantages of CMOS

Very low power consumption. Rail-to-rail voltage. Modular design. Reliable and robust.

Choice of the

industry!

Intel 4004Intel Pentium 4

18

One Main Challenge in CMOS Increasing temperature increases gate

leakage current, or the current escaping through the gate oxide.

19

Design Hierarchy

n+n+S

GD

+

DEVICE

CIRCUIT

GATE

MODULE

SYSTEM

20

Design Flowchart

System Requirements

Logic Design

VLSI Design and Layout

Design Verification

Fabrication/Synthesis

fail

pass

21

Conclusion

VLSI is a mature field of electrical and computer engineering that deals with semi-conductor properties to design patterns that form the building blocks to serve digital circuit design purposes.

BiCMOS, ECL, TTL technologies currently used. Each has its own applications for its advantages.

Serious VLSI research, design and cutting-edge manufacturing takes place in extremely sophisticated factories and labs (fabs).

22

Thank YOU!

I hope you enjoyed the presentation. I welcome any question. For more information visit:http://lsiwww.epfl.ch/LSI2001/teaching/webcourse/toc.html

http://www.microelectronic.e-technik.tu-darmstadt.de/lectures/winter/vlsi/vlsi_vorlesung_ef.html

http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/IcBook/