EDUCATION EDUCATION IN THE IN THE

PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINESJoahne P. Tipay, R.N.Joahne P. Tipay, R.N.

Foundations of EducationFoundations of Education

August 02, 2010August 02, 2010

PRIMITIVE EDUCATION

• Life is simple compared with life today.

• Means of livelihood– Hunting– Gathering wild fruits and

vegetables

• Live in crude huts in a limited area with few or no contact at all with other people.

PRIMITIVE EDUCATION

Aims of Primitive Education• Security and Survival• Conformity• Preservation and transmission of

traditions

PRIMITIVE EDUCATION

Types of Education• Vocational• Religious (animistic)

Content to be Studied

Agencies of Education• Home• Environment

Organization of Grades

PRIMITIVE EDUCATION

Methods of Instruction• Done informally• Observation and imitation• Simple telling and demonstration• Participation

Financing

Contribution to Education

• Education in the Philippines evolved from early settlers to the present.

• Education in the country is in great importance because it is the primary avenue for upward social and economic mobility.

PRIMITIVE EDUCATION

• Philippine educational system has a very deep history from the past in which it has undergone several stage of development going to the present system of education.

PRIMITIVE EDUCATION

• Early Filipino ancestors valued education very much. Filipino men and women know how to read and write using their own native alphabet called alibata.

• The alibata was composed of 17 symbols representing the letters of the alphabet. Among these seventeen symbols were three vowels and fourteen consonants.

PRIMITIVE EDUCATION

ALIBATA– Among these

seventeen symbols were three vowels and fourteen consonants.

PRIMITIVE EDUCATION

Aims of Muslim Education• Scientific• Practical • Initiative and welfare• Religious• Vocational

MUSLIM EDUCATION

Types of Education• Science education• Vocational education• Religious education• Artistic designing• Avocational training• Professional education

MUSLIM EDUCATION

Content to be Studied

Agencies of Education• Courts of the early caliphs• Elementary schools• Secondary schools• Kuttab• Universities

Organization of Grades

MUSLIM EDUCATION

• Methods of Instruction• Repetition and drill• Memorization and imitation• Lecture, observation, and

experimentation

Financing

Contribution to Education

MUSLIM EDUCATION

• Education system was formal

• Religious congregations paved the way in establishing schools from the primary level to the tertiary level of education

• Separate school for boys and girls

SPANISH PERIOD

• Wealthy Filipinos or the Ilustrados were accommodated in the schools.

• Colonial education brought more non-beneficial effects to the Filipinos

SPANISH PERIOD

• The friars controlled the educational system during the Spanish times.

• These missionaries emphasized the teachings of the Catholic religion starting from the primary level to the tertiary level of education.

SPANISH PERIOD

• Students in the primary level were taught the Christian Doctrines, the reading of Spanish books and a little of the natives' language

• Science and Mathematics were not very much taught to the students even in the universities.

SPANISH PERIOD

• Latin was also taught to the students instead of Spanish

• Schools before were exclusive for the Spaniards.

• Filipinos were only able to enter the school in the late 19th century.

SPANISH PERIOD

• The schools also limited their accommodations to the sons of wealthy Filipino families in 1863.

Educational Decree 1863educational system for students

in the country was established by virtue of the Education Decree of 1863

SPANISH PERIOD

• The decree required the government to provide school institutions for boys and girls in every town.

• As a consequence, the Spanish schools started accepting Filipino students.

SPANISH PERIOD

• It was during this time when the intellectual Filipinos emerged.

• The Normal School was also established which gave men the opportunity to study a three-year teacher education for the primary level.

SPANISH PERIOD

• Although the schools were already open for Filipinos, the friars still believed that the Filipinos would not be able to match their skills and that the only way for the Filipinos to learn fast was to impose upon them strict discipline which means applying corporal punishment.

SPANISH PERIOD

SPANISH PERIOD

• The first established schools were exclusive for the boys.

• The Augustinians built the first school in the Philippines situated in Cebu in 1565.

SPANISH PERIOD

• First college school for the boys was the "Colegio de San Ignacio“

• Established by the Jesuits in Manila in 1589

SPANISH PERIOD

• "Colegio de San Idelfonso" in Cebu in 1595.

• 1601, "Colegio de San Jose“

• 1589, the "Escuela Pia" was entrusted by the government to the Jesuits. Later, this was called Ateneo de Municipal which is now the famous Ateneo de Manila

SPANISH PERIOD

• The Dominicans also made a name as they established one of the best universities in the Philippines

• University of Santo Tomas, which was opened in 1611

• 1630, the Dominicans established another university, the "San Juan de Letran" for the orphaned boys

SPANISH PERIOD

• "Colegio de Santa Potenciana" was the first school and college for girls.

• Opened in 1589. • Colegio de Santa Isabel opened

in 1632. • The religious congregations also

established schools for the girls called "beaterio".

SPANISH PERIOD

• "beaterio" was meant for orphaned girls who could not afford to educate themselves

• subjects taught were:– housekeeping, – cooking, – sewing and embroidery-making, and – others intended for good

housekeeping

SPANISH PERIOD

Effects of Colonial Education in the Philippines   – only compelled to the friars'

influences from their lessons based on the Christian Doctrines or teachings.

– friars were effective in evangelizing the Catholic religion to the Filipinos.

SPANISH PERIOD

Effects of Colonial Education in the Philippines   – One major failure of the

educational system of the religious congregations was the withholding of the Filipinos to learn other bodies of knowledge.

SPANISH PERIOD

Effects of Colonial Education in the Philippines   – Besides limiting education to the

teaching of Spanish, Latin, and the Filipino languages, the teaching of Religion was also given emphasis.

– Thus, the teaching of Mathematics and Science were neglected.

SPANISH PERIOD

Effects of Colonial Education in the Philippines   – In entirety, education during the

Spanish regime was privileged only to Spanish students

– The supposed Philippine education was only a means to remain in the Philippines as colonizers

SPANISH PERIOD

Effects of Colonial Education in the Philippines   – For this reason, the Filipinos

became followers to the Spaniards in their own country.

– Even fortunate Filipinos became cronies, to the extent that even their life styles were patterned from the Spaniards.

SPANISH PERIOD

Effects of Colonial Education in the Philippines   – several educated Filipinos referred

to as ilustrados began movements directed towards change in the system of government in the Philippines

SPANISH PERIOD

Effects of Colonial Education in the Philippines   – Despite their wealth and

education, the ilustrados were still considered by the Spaniards to be inferior.

SPANISH PERIOD

Effects of Colonial Education in the Philippines   – One of the goals of the ilustrado

was to be in the same level with the proud Spaniards.

– The growing number of ilustrados in the Philippines maybe considered one of the major effects of education by the Spaniards in the Philippines.

SPANISH PERIOD

• Education became very important for the Filipinos.

• This was something that the Americans gave importance to, the spread of democracy and formation of good citizens including the rights and responsibilities of the people were the focus of American education in the country.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• Education allowed the Americans to spread or share their culture, particularly the English language, to the Filipinos.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• The American government wanted to give everyone the chance to study so they built public schools for the Filipinos.

• Volunteer Filipino soldiers became the first teachers of the Filipinos.

• Part of their mission was to build classrooms in every place where they were assigned.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• The Filipino soldiers stopped teaching only when a group of teachers from the U.S. came to the Philippines in June 1901.

• They came aboard the ship "Sheridan."

• In August 1901, 600 teachers called "Thomasites" arrived.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• Their name came from the ship they traveled on, the S.S. Thomas.

• This group became successful in their mission.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• Every child from age 7 was required to register in schools located in their own town or province.

• The students were given free school materials.

• There were three levels of education during the American period.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• The "elementary" level consisted of four primary years and 3 intermediate years.

• The "secondary" or high school level consisted of four years; and the third was the "college" or tertiary level.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• Many elementary and secondary schools were opened in cities and provinces.

• Normal, vocational, agricultural, and business schools were also opened.

• There were also colleges during the American period.

AMERICAN PERIOD

Some of these colleges are: – Philippine Normal School in 1901

(now a university); – National University (1901);– University of Manila (1914); – Philippine Women University

(1919); and – Far Eastern University (1933).

AMERICAN PERIOD

Examples of vocational schools are: – Philippine Nautical School, – Philippine School of Arts and

Trades and– Central Luzon Agriculture School.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• The University of the Philippines was also founded in 1908.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• Religion - not included in the curriculum of the schools. • gave recognition to those students who excelled academically. • They were sent to the U.S. to continue their studies and to

become expert in their desired fields or professions.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• "scholars" because the government covered all their expenses.

• In return, they were to teach or work in government offices after they finished their studies.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• There were successful Filipino scholars like:– Judge Jose Abad Santos,

– Francisco Benitez,

– Dr. Honoria Sison and

– Francisco Delgado.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• The government was not only concerned with the welfare of the youth. • Formal education was also provided to those who were of age. • Schools were also built in non-Catholic areas like Sulu, Mindanao, and

the Mountain Provinces.

AMERICAN PERIOD

• Attention was given to vocational and health practice. • The knowledge of the Filipinos in reading and writing

were very high during the American period.

AMERICAN PERIOD

Changes in Education During the Japanese Occupation  

• The government made some changes in the system of education in February, 1942.

JAPANESE PERIOD

These changes were:– To stop depending on western

countries like the U.S., and Great Britain. Promote and enrich the Filipino culture.

– To recognize that the Philippines is a part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere so that the Philippines and Japan will have good relations.

JAPANESE PERIOD

– To be aware of materialism to raise the morality of the Filipinos.

– To learn and adopt Nippongo and to stop using the English language.

– To spread elementary and vocational education.

– To develop love for work.

JAPANESE PERIOD