Education System in the Philippines

Education School/Level Grade

From

Grade

To

Age

From

Age

To Years Notes

Primary

Paaralang

Elementarya 1 6 6 12 6

Elementary school covers the first six years of

compulsory education (grades 1–6) informally

divided into 3 years of primary level and 3 years of

intermediate level.

Secondary

Paaralang

Sekundarya 1 4 12 17 4

Secondary education consists of four levels largely

based on the American schooling system. DepEd

(Department of Education) specifies a compulsory

curriculum for all secondary schools, public and

private.

Vocational

Bokasyonal na

Edukasyon at

Pagsasanay

Technical and vocational education is offered by

government operated or private institutions often

called colleges. Programs duration varies from a

few weeks to 3 years. upon the graduation from

most of the programs students may take TESDA

(Technical Education and Skills Authority)

examination to receive an appropriate certificate or

diploma.

Tertiary

University/College -

Undergraduate Level

Higher Education is governed by the Commission

on Higher Education (CHED) that was created on

May 18, 1994 through the passage of Republic Act

No. 7722, or the Higher Education Act of 1994.

The creation of CHED was part of a broad agenda

of reforms on the country’s education system

outlined by the Congressional Commission on

Education (EDCOM) in 1992. Part of the reforms

was the trifocalization of the education sector into

three governing bodies: the CHED for tertiary and

graduate education, the Department of Education

(DepEd) for basic education and the Technical

Education and Skills Development Authority

(TESDA) for technical-vocational and middle-level

education.

Tertiary

University/College -

Graduate Level

Primary Education

Paaralang Elementarya or elementary education is the first part of the educational system, and it includes the first six

years of compulsory education from grade 1 to 6, with an optional 7th grade offered by some schools. Major subjects

include maths, science, English, Filipino and social sciences. Optional subjects include music, arts, physical education,

and health. Private school students may select subjects from a wider curriculum including religious instruction in the

dogma of their choice.

Until 2004, primary students traditionally sat for the National Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT) administered by the

Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS). However, the scores obtained by students in the NEAT were not

used as a basis for their admission into Secondary school.

During 2004, when DECS was officially converted into the Department of Education (DepEd), and as a result of

reorganization, the NEAT was changed to National Achievement Test (NAT) by the Department of Education (DepEd).

Students from both public and private elementary schools take this exam to measure a school's competency. As of 2006,

only private schools have entrance examinations for Secondary school.

Middle Education

Middle school education is a part of Primary (or Elementary) Education

Secondary Education

Secondary education known as Paaralang Sekundarya comprises 4 grades that have changed little since the second world

war. The curriculum is prescribed for both private and state schools. Core subjects are as follows:

Year 1 - Filipino 1, Algebra 1, Integrated Science, English 1, Phillipine History

Year 2 - Filipino 2, Algebra 2, Biology, English 2, Asian History

Year 3 - Filipino 3, Geometry, Chemistry, World History, Geography

Year 4 - Filipino 4, Calculus, Trigonometry, Physics, Literature, Economics

Minor optional subjects include Health, Music, Arts, Physical Education, Home Economics and Technology. Selected

schools present additional subjects. Total secondary school numbers exceed 5.5 million.

Vocational Education

Accredited mainly private institutions known as colleges offer technical and vocational education. Programs offered vary

in duration from a few weeks to two-year diplomas. On completion students may take centrally-administered

examinations to obtain their diploma or certificate.

Vocational colleges don’t usually require an entrance examination, only a record of high school education and an

enrollment fee.

Tertiary Education

Most institutions of higher learning are regulated by the commission for

higher education.

Colleges typically offer 1 or more specialized programs while universities must offer at least 8 different undergraduate

degree programs in a wide array of subjects and at least 2 graduate programs.

Public universities are all non-sectarian and offer a wide-range of programs, with English as a medium of instruction.

Public universities are government funded, with the largest, the University of the Philippines, receiving the substantial

portion of the annual budget.

There are also a number of private tertiary institutions, sectarian or non-sectarian as well as for-profit or not-for-profit.

Most private institutions are Catholic non-profit organizations.

Most universities offer 4 year degree programs with 2 semesters per year.

Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly, funded and overseen by federal, provincial, and

local governments.[citation needed] Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the

province.[15] Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education

and post-secondary. Within the provinces under the ministry of education, there are district school boards

administering the educational programs.[16] Education is compulsory up to the age of 16 in every province in

Canada, except for Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick, where the compulsory age is 18, or as soon as a

high school diploma has been achieved. In some provinces early leaving exemptions can be granted under

certain circumstances at 14. Canada generally has 190 (180 in Quebec) school days in the year, officially

starting from September (after Labour Day) to the end of June (usually the last Friday of the month, except in

Quebec when it is just before June 24 – the provincial holiday).

Canada-wide

Elementary, secondary, and post-secondary education in Canada is a provincial responsibility and there are

many variations between the provinces. Some educational fields are supported at various levels by federal

departments. For example, the Department of National Defence includes the Royal Military College of Canada,

while the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada is responsible for the education of First

Nations.[17][18] Vocational training can be subsidized by the Learning branch of Human Resources and Skills

Development Canada (a federal department).[19][20][21]

1950 Canadian School Train. Pupils attend classes at Nemegos near Chapleau, Ontario.

About one out of ten Canadians does not have a high school diploma – one in seven has a university degree –

the adult population that is without a high school diploma is a combination of both immigrant and Canadian-

born. In many places, publicly funded high school courses are offered to the adult population. The ratio of high

school graduates versus non diploma-holders is changing rapidly, partly due to changes in the labour market

that require people to have a high school diploma and, in many cases, a university degree. Majority of Schools

67% percent are co-Ed.

Canada spends about 5.4% of its GDP on education.[12] The country invests heavily in tertiary education (more

than 20 000 USD per student).[22] Since the adoption of section 23 of the Constitution Act, 1982, education in

both English and French has been available in most places across Canada (if the population of children speaking

the minority language justifies it), although French Second Language education/French Immersion is available

to anglophone students across Canada.

According to an announcement of Canadian Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, Canada is introducing a

new, fast-track system to let foreign students and graduates with Canadian work experience become permanent

eligible residents in Canada.[23]

Most schools have introduced one or more initiatives such as programs in Native studies, antiracism, Aboriginal

cultures and crafts; visits by elders and other community members; and content in areas like indigenous

languages, Aboriginal spirituality, indigenous knowledge of nature, and tours to indigenous heritage sites.[24]

Although these classes are offered, most appear to be limited by the area or region in which students reside.

"The curriculum is designed to elicit development and quality of people's cognition through the guiding of

accommodations of individuals to their natural environment and their changing social order"[25] Finally, "some

scholars view academics as a form of "soft power" helping to educate and to create positive attitudes.",[26]

although there is criticism that educators are merely telling students what to think, instead of how to think for

themselves.[27][28][29] Furthermore, "subjects that typically get assessed (i.e., language arts, mathematics, and

science) assume greater importance than non-assessed subjects (i.e., music, visual arts, and physical education)

or facets of the curriculum (i.e., reading and writing versus speaking and listening)."[30] The students in the

Canadian school system receive a variety of classes that are offered to them. The system is set up to meet the

diverse needs of the individual student.

Divisions by religion and language

The Constitution of Canada provides constitutional protections for some types of publicly funded religious-

based and language-based school systems.

The Constitution Act, 1867 contains a guarantee for publicly funded religious-based separate schools, provided

the separate schools were established by law prior to the province joining Confederation. Court cases have

established that this provision did not apply to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, British Columbia, and

Prince Edward Island, since those provinces did not provide a legal guarantee for separate schools prior to

Confederation. The provision did originally apply to Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and

Newfoundland and Labrador, since these provinces did have pre-existing separate schools. This constitutional

provision was repealed in Quebec by a constitutional amendment in 1997, and for Newfoundland and Labrador

in 1998. The constitutional provision continues to apply to Ontario, Saskatchewan and Alberta. There is a

similar federal statutory provision which applies to the Northwest Territories.

Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the right of citizens who were educated

in the minority language in a particular province to have their children educated in the minority language in

publicly funded schools. In practice, this guarantee means that there are publicly funded English schools in

Quebec, and publicly funded French schools in the other provinces and the territories.

Quebec students must attend a French school up until the end of high school unless one of their parents qualifies

as a rights-holder under s. 23 of the Charter. In Ontario, French language schools automatically admit students

recognized under section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and may admit non-francophone

students through the board's admissions committee consisting of the school principal, a school superintendent

and a teacher.

Length of study

Most education programs in Canada begin in kindergarten (age five) or grade one (age six) and go to grade

twelve (age 17 or 18), except in Quebec, where students finish a year earlier. After completion of a secondary

school diploma, students may go on to post-secondary studies.

Authorities

Normally, for each type of publicly funded school (such as Public English or Public French), the province is

divided into districts (or divisions). For each district, board members (trustees) are elected only by its supporters

within the district (voters receive a ballot for just one of the boards in their area). Normally, all publicly funded

schools are under the authority of their local district school board. These school boards would follow a common

curriculum set up by the province the board resides in. Only Alberta allows public charter schools, which are

independent of any district board. Instead, they each have their own board, which reports directly to the

province.

Pre-university

Primary education and secondary education combined are sometimes referred to as K-12 (Kindergarten through

Grade 12). Secondary schooling, known as high school, 'collegiate institute, "école secondaire" or secondary

school, consists of different grades depending on the province in which one resides. Furthermore, grade

structure may vary within a province or even within a school division and may or may not include middle

school or junior high school.

Kindergarten (or its equivalent) is available for children in all provinces in the year they turn five (except

Ontario and Quebec, where it begins a year earlier), but the names of these programs, provincial funding, and

the number of hours provided varies widely. For example, the Department of Education in Nova Scotia refers to

Kindergarten as Grade Primary.[31]

Ontario offers two years of optional kindergarten (junior kindergarten for four-year olds and senior kindergarten

for five-year olds). At French schools in Ontario, these programs are called Maternelle and CPE Centre de la

Petite Enfance.[32] In 2010, Ontario increased both years to full-day programs, while BC's single year of

kindergarten became full-day in 2012. Quebec offers heavily subsidized preschool programs and introduced an

early kindergarten program for children from low-income families in 2013. Students in the Prairie provinces are

not required by statute to attend kindergarten. As a result, kindergarten often is not available in smaller towns.

Dependent on the province the age of mandatory entry to the education system is at 4–7 years. Starting at grade

one, at age six or seven, there is universal publicly funded access up to grade twelve (age seventeen to

eighteen), except in Quebec, where secondary school ends one year earlier. Children are required to attend

school until the age of sixteen (eighteen in Manitoba, Ontario, and New Brunswick). In Quebec, the typical high

school term ends after Secondary V/Grade eleven (age sixteen to seventeen); following this, students who wish

to pursue their studies to the university level have to attend college (see Education in Quebec). Quebec is

currently the only province where Grade 12 is part of postsecondary, though Grade 11 was also the end of

secondary education in Newfoundland and Labrador prior to the introduction of grade 12 in 1983.

Ontario had a "Grade 13" known as Ontario Academic Credit (OAC) year, but this was abolished in 2003 by the

provincial government to cut costs. As a result, the curriculum has been compacted, and the more difficult

subjects, such as mathematics, are comparatively harder than before. However, the system is now

approximately equivalent to what has been the case outside of Quebec and Ontario for many years.

Students may continue to attend high school until the ages of 19 to 21 (the cut-off age for high school varies

between provinces). Those 19 and over may attend adult school. Students of high school age who have received

long-term suspensions or have been expelled, or are otherwise unable or unwilling to attend conventional

schools may be offered alternative learning options to complete their secondary education, such as drop-in

programs, night school, or distance/online classes.

In British Columbia secondary schools, there are 172 school days during a school year. (2013-2014).[33]

An increasing number of international students are attending pre-university courses at Canadian high schools.

Post-secondary education

See also: Higher education in Canada and U15 (universities)

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable

sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010)

Canadian university enrollment in various subjects - 2005/2006 [34]

Post-secondary education in Canada is also the responsibility of the individual provinces and territories. Those

governments provide the majority of funding to their public post-secondary institutions, with the remainder of

funding coming from tuition fees, the federal government, and research grants. Compared to other countries in

the past, Canada has had the highest tertiary school enrollment as a percentage of their graduating population.

Nearly all post-secondary institutions in Canada have the authority to grant academic credentials (i.e., diplomas

or degrees). Generally speaking, universities grant degrees (e.g., bachelor's, master's or doctorate degrees) while

colleges, which typically offer vocationally oriented programs, grant diplomas and certificates. However, some

colleges offer applied arts degrees that lead to or are equivalent to degrees from a university. Private career

colleges are overseen by legislative acts for each province. For example in British Columbia training providers

will be registered and accredited with the (PCTIA) Private Career Training Institutions Agency regulated under

the Private Career Training Institutions Act (SBC 2003) [35] Each province with their own correlating agency.

Unlike the United States, there is no "accreditation body" that oversees the universities in Canada. Universities

in Canada have degree-granting authority via an Act or Ministerial Consent from the Ministry of Education of

the particular province.

Post-secondary education in Quebec begins with college following graduation from Grade 11 (or Secondary V).

Students complete a two- or three-year general program leading to admission to a university, or a professional

program leading directly into the labour force. In most cases, bachelor's degree programs in Quebec are three

years instead of the usual four; however, in many cases, students attending a university in Quebec that did not

graduate from college must complete an additional year of coursework. When Ontario had five years of high

school, a three-year bachelor's degree was common, but these degrees are being phased out in favour of the

four-year degree.

The main variation between the provinces, with respect to the universities, is the amount of funding they receive

and the amount of tuition and other fees they charge.

The Royal Military College of Canada (RMC), is the military academy of the Canadian Forces and is a full

degree-granting university. RMC is the only federal institution with degree granting powers.

Private schools

About 5.6% of students are in private schools.[36] A minority of these are elite private schools, which are

attended by only a small fraction of students, but do have a great deal of prestige and prominence. A far larger

portion of private schools are religious based institutions. Private schools are also used to study outside the

country. For example, Canadian College Italy has an Ontario curriculum, but the school is located in Italy.

Private schools have historically been less common on the Canadian Prairies and were often forbidden under

municipal and provincial statutes enacted to provide equality of education to students regardless of family

income. This is especially true in Alberta, where successive Social Credit (or populist conservative)

governments denounced the concept of private education as the main cause of denial of opportunity to the

children of the working poor.

Private Universities

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to

reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010)

In the past, private universities in Canada maintained a religious history or foundation. Although since 1999, the

Province of New Brunswick passed the Degree Granting Act [1] allowing private universities to operate in the

Province.[37][38] The University of Fredericton is the newest University to receive designation in New

Brunswick.

Trinity Western University, in Langley British Columbia, was founded in 1962 as a junior college and received

full accreditation in 1985. In 2002, British Columbia’s Quest University became the first privately funded

liberal arts university without a denominational affiliation (although it is not the first private liberal arts

university). Many provinces, including Ontario and Alberta, have passed legislation allowing private degree-

granting institutions (not necessarily universities) to operate there.

Many Canadians remain polarized on the issue of permitting private universities into the Canadian market. On

the one hand, Canada’s top universities find it difficult to compete with the private American powerhouses

because of funding, but on the other hand, the fact that the price of private universities tends to exclude those

who cannot pay that much for their education could prevent a significant portion of Canada’s population from

being able to attend these schools.

In addition to the issue of access, some Canadians find issue with protections instituted within the Charter of

Rights and Freedoms as ruled by the Supreme Court of Canada in 2001 and consistent with federal and

provincial law that (private) faith based universities in Canada based on the long established principles of

freedom of conscience and religion can exempt itself from more recent human rights legislation when they

insist in their “community covenant” code signed by staff, faculty and students that they act in accordance with

the faith of the school. The covenant may require restraint from those acts considered in contradiction with the

tenets of their faith such as homosexual relationships, sex outside marriage or more broadly abstain from

consuming alcohol on campus or viewing pornography.[39] However private-Christian based schools do not

preclude homosexual or lesbian students from attending.[40] Some faith based universities have been known to

fire staff and faculty which refused to adhere or whose actions were in opposition with the tenets of the faith

although in some provinces based on the circumstances their dismissal have been successfully challenged in

court.[41]

Religious schools

Each province deals differently with private religious schools. In Ontario the Catholic system continues to be

fully publicly funded while other faiths are not. Ontario has several private Jewish, Muslim, and Christian

schools all funded through tuition fees. Since the Catholic schools system is entrenched in the constitution, the

Supreme Court has ruled that this system is constitutional. However, the United Nations Human Rights

Committee has ruled that Ontario's system is discriminatory, suggesting that Ontario either fund no faith-based

schools, or all of them.[42] In 2002 the government of Mike Harris introduced a controversial program to

partially fund all private schools, but this was criticized for undermining the public education system and the

program was eliminated after the Liberals won the 2003 provincial election.

In other provinces privately operated religious schools are funded. In British Columbia the government pays

independent schools that meet rigorous provincial standards up to 50% of the per-student operating cost of

public schools. The province has a number of Sikh, Hindu, Christian, and Muslim schools. Alberta also has a

network of charter schools, which are fully funded schools offering distinct approaches to education within the

public school system. Alberta charter schools are not private and the province does not grant charters to

religious schools. These schools have to follow the provincial curriculum and meet all standards, but are given

considerable freedom in other areas. In all other provinces private religious schools receive some funding, but

not as much as the public system.

An example of how schools can be divided by religion, Toronto has two English boards; Toronto Catholic

District School Board and Toronto District School Board, and two French boards; Conseil scolaire de district

catholique Centre-Sud and Conseil scolaire Viamonde.

History of religious schools

The first schools in New France were operated by the Catholic church (as indeed were schools in France itself).

In the early nineteenth century the colonial governments moved to set up publicly funded education systems.

Protestants and Catholics were deeply divided over how religious and moral education should be delivered. In

Upper Canada the Catholic minority rejected the Protestant practice of Biblical study in schools, while in Lower

Canada the Protestant minority objected to the education system instilling Roman Catholic dogma. Thus in both

these areas two schools systems were established, a Catholic and a Protestant. Upon Confederation these

schools systems were enshrined in the British North America Act, 1867. British Columbia established a non-

sectarian school system in 1872.

In the three Maritime provinces, schools were mainly Protestant, and a single Protestant oriented school system

was established in each of them. In Newfoundland there was not only the Catholic/Protestant split, but also deep

divisions between Protestant sects, and nine separate schools systems were set up, one catering to each major

denomination. Eventually the major Protestant boards merged into an integrated school system.

The three Prairie provinces adopted a system based on Ontario's with a dominant Protestant system, and smaller

Catholic ones. In 1891, however Manitoba moved to eliminate the Catholic board, sparking the Manitoba

Schools Question. It demonstrated the deep divergence of cultural, religious and language values and became an

issue of national importance. The Catholic Franco-Manitobains had been guaranteed a state-supported separate

school system in the original constitution of Manitoba, such that their children would be taught in French.

However a grassroots political movement among English Protestants from 1888 to 1890 demanded the end of

French schools. In 1890, the Manitoba legislature passed a law removing funding for French Catholic

schools.[43] The French Catholic minority asked the federal government for support; however, the Orange Order

and other anti-Catholic forces mobilized nationwide to oppose them.[44] The federal Conservatives proposed

remedial legislation to override Manitoba, but they were blocked by the Liberals, led by Wilfrid Laurier, who

opposed the remedial legislation because of his belief in provincial rights.[43] The Manitoba Schools issue

became an issue in the Canadian federal election of 1896, where it worked against the Conservatives and helped

elect the Liberals.[45] As Prime Minister, Laurier implemented a compromise stating that Catholics in Manitoba

could have their own religious instruction for 30 minutes at the end of the day if there were enough students to

warrant it, implemented on a school-by-school basis.[43]

In Ontario in 1912, the Conservative government of Sir James P. Whitney issued Regulation 17 which severely

limited the availability of French-language schooling to the province's French-speaking minority.[46] French

could only be used in the first two years of schooling, and then only English was allowed. French-Canadians—

growing rapidly in number in eastern Ontario because of migration, reacted with outrage, journalist Henri

Bourassa denouncing the "Prussians of Ontario". It was one of the key reasons the Francophones turned away

from the war effort in 1915 and refused to enlist. Ontario's Catholics were led by the Irish, who united with the

Protestants in opposing French schools.[47] Regulation 17 was eventually repealed in 1927.[48]

Over time, the originally Protestant school boards of English Canada, known as the public schools, became

increasingly secularized as Canadians came to believe in the separation of Church and state, and the main

boards became secular ones. In Ontario all overt religiosity was removed from the public school system in

1990. In two provinces the sectarian education systems have recently been eliminated through constitutional

change. Newfoundland and Labrador eliminated its tri-denominational Catholic-Protestant-Pentecostal system

after two referendums. In Quebec the Catholic/Protestant divide was replaced with a French language/English

language one.

Levels in education

Canada outside Quebec

As the education system in Canada is managed by the varying provincial governments in Canada, the way the

educational stages are grouped and named may differ from each region, or even between districts and individual

schools. The ages are the age of the students when they end the school year in June.

Early childhood education o Junior Kindergarten or Pre-Kindergarten (ages 3–5) (Ontario only)[49] o Grade Primary or Kindergarten (ages 5–6)

Elementary education o Grade 1 (ages 6–7) o Grade 2 (ages 7–8) o Grade 3 (ages 8–9) o Grade 4 (ages 9–10) o Grade 5 (ages 10–11) o Grade 6 (ages 11–12)

Junior High/Middle School o Grade 7 (ages 12–13) o Grade 8 (ages 13–14) o Grade 9 (ages 14–15)

High School o Grade 10 (ages 15–16) o Grade 11 (ages 16–17) o Grade 12 (ages 17–18) o Grade 12+ (ages 18–21) (Ontario only)b

Tertiary education o College: In Canada, the term college usually refers to a community college or a technical, applied arts, or

applied science school. These are post-secondary institutions granting certificates, diplomas, associates degree, and bachelor's degrees.

o University: A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is a corporation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education.

o Graduate school: A graduate school is a school that awards advanced academic certificates, diplomas and degrees (i.e. master's degree, Ph.D.)

Quebec

Pre-school ((French):préscolaire); under 5

Kindergarten ((French):maternelle); 5-6

Grade School ((French):école primaire, literally Primary school, equivalent to Elementary School) o Grade 1; 6-7 o Grade 2; 7-8

o Grade 3; 8-9 o Grade 4; 9-10 o Grade 5; 10-11 o Grade 6; 11-12

High School ((French): école secondaire, literally Secondary school)grade names o Grade 7/Secondary 1; 12-13 o Grade 8/Secondary 2; 13-14 o Grade 9/Secondary 3; 14-15 o Grade 10/Secondary 4; 15-16 o Grade 11/Secondary 5; 16-17

College o Pre-university program, two years (typically Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, or Arts) o Professional program, three years (e.g. Paralegal, Dental Hygienist, Nursing, etc.)

University (Usually requires a College degree (DCS (French):'DEC) or equivalent) o Undergraduate

Three years for most programs (or four years for Engineering, Education, Medical, and Law) leading to a Bachelor's degree. Non-Quebec students require an extra year to complete the same degree because of the extra year in college.

o Graduate (or postgraduate) One or two years leading to a Master's degree. three or more years leading to a Doctoral degree.

English schools in Quebec have the same grade system as French schools, but with English names. For

example, "elementary school" is not called "école primaire" in an English school, but has the same grading

system.

Grade structure by province

The following table shows how grades are organized in various provinces. Often, there will be exceptions

within each province, both with terminology for groups, and which grades apply to each group.

Alberta

(source[dead link])

Elementary Junior High Senior High

Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

British

Columbia

(source)[not in

citation given]

Primary Middle Secondary

Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Manitoba[50]

Early Years Middle Years Senior Years

Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

New Brunswick

(source)

Elementary Middle School High School

Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Newfoundland

and Labrador

(source)

Primary Elementary Junior High Senior High

Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Level I Level II Level III

Northwest

Territories

(source)

Primary Intermediate Junior Secondary Senior Secondary

Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Nova Scotia

(source)

Elementary Junior High Senior High

Primary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Ontario[51]

Elementary Secondary

Junior

Kindergarten Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

PEI

(source)

Elementary Intermediate

School Senior High

Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Quebec

Primary School Secondary School College

Garderie Maternelle 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sec I Sec II Sec III Sec IV Sec V first second third

Saskatchewan

(source)

Elementary

Level Middle Level Secondary Level

Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Yukon

(source)

Elementary Junior Secondary Senior

Secondary

Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Notes:

In British Columbia some schools may group together the higher Elementary and lower Secondary Grades. These schools are referred to as Middle Schools or Jr. Secondary Schools. Some Elementary Schools consist solely of grades K-5. Likewise, some Secondary Schools may only have grades 11 and 12. In addition, some school districts may use just elementary (K-7) and secondary (8-12) schools. British Columbia informally subcategorizes the Elementary level into "Primary" (K-3) and "Intermediate" (4-6 or 7).

In Ontario, the terms used in French schooling consist of Maternelle in regards to Junior Kindergarten, Kindergarten is then referred to as Jardin. This differs from Quebec's Maternelle which is the equivalent of Ontario's Kindergarten.

In Manitoba, grade-9 - grade 12 was for a short time referred to as Senior 1-Senior 4; In Nova Scotia the terms for groups, and grades they apply to varies significantly throughout the province. A

common, but not universal, organization is shown.

In Quebec college is two or three years, depending on what a student selects, based usually on what their post-secondary plans are. College in Quebec overlaps what other provinces consider the boundary between secondary education (high school) and post-secondary education (college and university). "Sec I" = "Secondary Year One" = "Grade 7"

In Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, schools are now set up as elementary schools with grades K-5, middle schools with grades 6-8, and high schools with grades 9-12. However, high school graduation requirements only include courses taken in grades 10-12.

Education System in Ghana

Education School/Level Grade

From

Grade

To

Age

From

Age

To Years Notes

Primary Primary School 6 Ghana operates on a 6-3-4-4 System

Middle Junior High School 3

Basic Education Certificate

Examination (BECE) at the end of JHS

Secondary Senior High School 4

Admission to Senior High School is

competitive. West African Senior

Secondary Certificate Examination, or

WASSCE, (SSCE through 2005;

WASSCE beginning in 2006) at the

end of the Senior High School.

Examinations are given nationwide in

May-June each year.

Tertiary

First Level-

Diplomas/Certificates 2 Diplomas/Certificates

Tertiary

First Level- Higher

National Diploma

Teacher/Nursing

Training

3 Higher National Diploma

Teacher/Nursing Training

Tertiary

Undergraduate

Education 4

Seven public universities and twenty-

one private institutions are also

accredited by the National

Accreditation Board

(www.nab.gov.gh) to award Bachelor’s

degrees. Over 20,000 Ghanaian

students apply to the universities in the

USA every year.

Tertiary

Graduate Education_

Master's Diploma (1 to 2

years)

2 Master's Diploma (1 to 2 years)

Tertiary

Graduate Education_

Ph.D., 2 or more years 2 Ph.D., 2 or more years

Primary Education

Life sometimes goes at a leisurely pace in Africa, and school education can take up to 20 years to complete. For

this reason is it fortunate that it is free unless more fortunate parents enroll their kids at private schools. Around

age six or children enter primary school to complete their first 6 grades.

Middle Education

Junior high school occupies them for the next three years. Subjects forming their curriculum include a Ghanaian

language, basic designing and technology, english, french, information technology, integrated science, maths,

social studies and moral education. Unfortunately private junior high schools are better endowed and provide

better educated scholars.

Secondary Education

A successful pass admits students to senior high school where surprisingly enough most institutions are state

owned. The compulsory 3 year program includes english, maths, science, social studies and physical education.

In addition to that, they also elect to specialize in agriculture, business, general arts, or science.

Vocational Education

Recent changes to vocational training programs are designed to ensure that from age 16 onwards students are

given opportunities to train in various professions. New schools are being built and additional courses rolled

out.

Tertiary Education

Post-secondary education in Ghana commonly takes 4 years

tocomplete. The best students continue with nominally free education at a state university while others have to

pay for education at a private one. A range of post-graduate study is available too.

The University of Ghana was established in 1948 by the colonial authority as the University College of the Gold

Coast. There students study for traditional degrees as well as technology-based training and vocational courses

.

Education System in South Korea

Education School/Level Grade

From

Grade

To

Age

From

Age

To Years Notes

Primary

Elementary School -

초등학교, chodeung

haggyo

1 6 8 13 6

Middle

Middle school - 중학교,

jung hakgyo 1 3 13 15 3

Correspond to U.S. grades 7-

9, England grades 3 - 5

Secondary

High School Level -

고등학교, godeung haggyo 1 3 16 18 3

Vocational Vocational High School 2 3 17 18 2 last 2 years of high school

Vocational Junior Vocational Colleges 2

Tertiary Bachelor's 4 130 -140 credits

Tertiary Master's 2 24 credits

Tertiary Doctorate 3

60 credits including 24 credits

earned in Master's program

Primary Education

Kindergarten is optional in South Korea and most parents prefer to keep their little ones at home as long as

possible. However, at age 6 their child must move on to 6 years compulsory chodeung-hakgyo elementary

education. There they learn subjects like English, Fine Arts, Korean, Maths, Moral Education, Music, Physical

Education, Practical Arts, Science and Social Studies, usually all presented by a single teacher. Some parents

send their children to private hagwon schools after hours, where English may be better taught.

Middle Education

Places in secondary schools are awarded by lottery and everybody gets an equal chance. The transition to 3

years of middle school can be difficult because studies are taken far more seriously. Discipline is stricter too

with uniforms, haircuts and punctuality strictly enforced. This time though, specialist teachers move between

classrooms teaching core subjects, including English, Korean, Maths, as well Social Science and Pure Science.

Optional programs include Art, Ethics, History, Home Economics, Music, Physical Education, Technology, and

Hanja Chinese Characters.

Secondary Education

The final 3 years of school education take place at high schools. These may specialize according to subjects

taught (e.g. Science versus Languages), or present more general academic curriculae. Some are state owned and

some are privately run. The quality of their results is legendary. Standards are high.

Vocational Education

Approximately 25% of middle school graduates prefer to go on to vocational schools where they are taught

skills in 5 fields including Agriculture, Commerce, Fishery, Home Economics and Technology. The 1st of 3

grades follows a common program, where after students specialize.

Tertiary Education

The greater majority of Korean high school students write a college scholastic ability test with a view to

studying further. Standards are high and some students start preparing as early as in kindergarten years. The 5

sections of the test investigate knowledge of English, Korean and Maths, and also elective subjects such as

Social Sciences, Physical Sciences and the Humanities.

At university, students encounter unfamiliar standards of excellence and whole families become involved in

helping them to pass. At examination times, businesses even open for shorter hours in recognition of this fact. A

student who passes though, has a qualification that meets top international standards, and of which he or she

may be justifiably proud. Korea - living proof of the power of a knowledge-based economy.

Education System in Malaysia Education School/Level Grade From Grade To Age From Age To Years Notes

Primary Primary Year 1 to Year 6 1 6 7 12 6

Middle Level One - Tahap Satu 1 3 13 15 3

Secondary Level Two - Tahap Dua 4 6 16 17 2

Vocational Vocational

Tertiary Tertiary

Primary Education

Only primary school education is compulsory in Malaysia, where multilingual public schools, private schools

and home educators co-exist side by side. Following unregulated preschool education a child enters primary

school at age 7 for a period of 6 years. Following schooling in the community language of their choice they

must sit for their primary school achievement test in order to qualify to study further.

Secondary Education

There is no identified middle school period although secondary education is divided into 2 phases. Following

the first 3 years of general education students write for their lower certificate of education. Thereafter they enter

either the arts or the science stream according to personal choice and teacher advice for 2 years. Once in that

stream though, switching opportunities are limited. Following this latter period, they may complete 6th form, or

study for a further 2 years for matriculation exemption.

Vocational Education

The department of skills development oversees the establishment and operation of all public and private training

institutions. It has developed almost 1,000 standards for certificate, diploma and advanced diploma training, and

is rolling more out in approximately 20 identified key areas.

Tertiary Education

Controversy continues to surround heavily subsidized Malaysian tertiary education because of tight quotas that

protect the racial majority. Some progress has been made in the direction of a greater meritocracy though, and

in the interim disadvantaged students have the opportunity of enrolling at private or foreign branch universities.

The University of Malaya, which evolved from the Federated Malay States Government Medical School

founded in 1905 is the oldest functioning tertiary institution in the country. Academic staff exceed 2,500 based

at 3 campuses.