Education across space and time (Sir John Daniel)

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description

From St. Paul’s letters to the 1st century churches to today’s Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), education has always fought the constraints of space and time. This review of the 2000-year evolution of distance education examines the changes in pedagogy, organisation and technology that have created contemporary open, distance and eLearning. How will the multiplication of open educational resources influence the next generation of education across space and time? Do MOOCs imply that education can now be fully automated? As the processes of teaching and learning are unbundled, will students look to a variety of specialist organisations for services? Is the traditional business model of higher education on the verge of collapse?

Transcript of Education across space and time (Sir John Daniel)

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ACU Congress, Perth

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The Open University – Walton Hall

3-month internship 1972

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Sir John Daniel

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God as a Trinity

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COST

AC

CE

SS

QU

ALITY

The Iron Triangle

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DISTANCE LEARNING

a three-legged stool

student

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The Central Challenge

• ACCESS (wider)

• QUALITY (higher)

• COST (lower)

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COST

AC

CE

SS

QU

ALITY

The Iron Triangle

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COST

ACCESS QUALITY

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COST

ACCESS

QUALITY

The Iron Triangle

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COST

AC

CE

SS QUALITY

The Iron Triangle

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COST

ACCESS

QU

ALIT

Y

The Iron Triangle

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COST

AC

CE

SS

QU

ALITY

“an insidious link between quality and exclusivity”

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COST

ACCESS QUALITY

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The Technology Revolution

• ACCESS (wider)

• QUALITY (higher)

• COST (lower)

ALL AT THE SAME TIME!

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DISTANCE LEARNING

a three-legged stool

student

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DISTANCE LEARNING

a three-legged stool

student

materials

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DISTANCE LEARNING

a three-legged stool

studentsu

ppor

t materials

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DISTANCE LEARNING

a three-legged stool

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St. Paul’s letters to young churches

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Church Antioch

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Lions

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St. Paul’s Cathedral, London

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Independence and Interaction: Getting the Mixture Right

J.S.Daniel & C.Marquis

Teaching at a DistanceVol 14: pp. 29-44

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DISTANCE LEARNING

a three-legged stool

student

materials

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DISTANCE LEARNING

a three-legged stool

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Railways

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Postal systems

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Printing & Post=

Correspondenceeducation

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The Blackboard from 1850

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DISTANCE LEARNING

a three-legged stool

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NEW DELHI

‘a guided didactic conversation’

‘the best teaching I ever had’

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BorjeHolmberg

OttoPeters

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Radio Television

Film Computer

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The

MOTION PICTUREMOTION PICTURE

is themost revolutionary instrument

introduced into education since the printing press

Hoban 1940

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is the first major technological innovation since

the invention of printing

Woefle 1962

PROGRAMMED LEARNINGPROGRAMMED LEARNING

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The impact of

COMPUTERSCOMPUTERS

on society, and hence on education, has been compared to that of

moveable type and the printing press since Gutenberg

Caffrey and Mossman 1967

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There is no magic educational

medium

(and never will be)

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Lord Geoffrey CrowtherInauguration of the Open University

1969

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“The world is caught in a communications revolution, the effects of which will go beyond those of the industrial revolution of two centuries ago.

Then the great advance was the invention of machines to multiply the potency of men's muscles.

Now the great new advance is the invention of machines to multiply the potency of men's minds. As the steam engine was to the first revolution, so the computer is to the second.”

Lord Geoffrey Crowther, 1969

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Open as to:

• People• Places• Methods• Ideas

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• Technology

• Pedagogy

• Ideology

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1970s

2010s

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1970s

2010s

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Lord Walter PerryFounding Vice-ChancellorThe Open University

The Open University has

institutionalised innovation

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Lord Walter PerryFounding Vice-ChancellorThe Open University

If you innovate in too many

ways at once you will scare

students away!

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• Technology

• Pedagogy

• Ideology

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a teaching and learning system

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Jessica Mitford

‘Let us now appraise famous authors’

Atlantic Monthly 1970

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The University of New EnglandArmidale

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Harold Wilson

‘The University of the Air’

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Open as to:

• People• Places• Methods• Ideas

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Church Antioch

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Open as to:

• People• Places

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open education

Open and Distance Learning

distance learning

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‘My Degree – My Way’

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University of LondonExternal System

The People’s

University

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Professor Tony Bates“2011 Outlook for Online Learning and

Distance Education”

(www.contactnorth.ca)

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Better to work in teams!

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THE TREND TOWARDS OPENNESS

- Open Source Software

- Open Access to Research

- Open Educational Resources

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UNESCO HQ Paris

2002 Forum on the Impact of Open CourseWare for Higher Education in Developing Countries

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OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES (OER)

educational materials that may be freely accessed,

reused, modified and shared.

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The Paris Declaration

World Congress on Open Educational Resources

Paris – June 20-22 – 2012

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Paris Declaration on OER

10. Encourage open licensing of educational material

produced with public funds.

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VANCOUVER - British Columbia is set to become the first province in Canada to offer students free online, open textbooks for the 40 most popular post-secondary courses

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Fostering Governmental Support for Open

Educational Resources Internationally

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Making Sense of MOOCs:

Musings in a Maze of Myth, Paradox and Possibility

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Course x6002 Circuits and Electronics

155,000 registrations23,000 tried first test

9,000 passed mid-term7157 passed = < 5%

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Exam = ‘very hard’Attrition high but “if you look at the number

in absolute terms, it’s as many as might take the course in 40 years at MIT”

Anant Agrawal

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2 million registrations33 partner institutions

200 courses

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Very high drop out rates in all MOOCs

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‘some classes were so rife with plagiarism that professors have

had to plead with their students to stop plagiarizing’

(Students mark each others’ work)

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The MOOC Maze

Myth Paradox

Possibility

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Myths and ParadoxesQuality

•MYTH: Brand = Quality

•HIGH DROP OUT IS NOT QUALITY

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These universities used to have

scarcityat the heart of their

business model

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Myths and ParadoxesCertification

SUCCEED = CERTIFICATE

ADMISSION = DEGREE

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Good little piggies in make good bacon out!

Dan Coldeway

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The OER university concept. Adapted from Taylor (2007)

JamesTaylor

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‘it seems pretty obvious that no one who had any working knowledge of research in pedagogy was deeply

involved in the creation of the course’

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Tony Bates‘‘an old and out-dated behaviourist

pedagogy, relying primarily on information transmission, computer-

marked assignments and peer assessment’.

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Myths and ParadoxesWhy MOOCs?

PARADOX:

BE OPEN but

MAKE MONEY

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The MOOC Maze

Myth Paradox

Possibility

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Rankings of MOOCs

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‘to pay more than lip service to importance of teaching and put it at the

core their missions. This is the real revolution

of MOOCs.’

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An unsustainable paradox!

For some learners:

Open and Free

For others:

Closed and Expensive

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What

new

Business Model?

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Independence and Interaction: Getting the Mixture Right

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COST

ACCESS QUALITY

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COST

AC

CE

SS

QU

ALITY

“an insidious link between quality and exclusivity”

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DISTANCE LEARNING

a three-legged stool

studentsu

ppor

t materialslo

gis

tics

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Sir John Daniel

Thank you

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THANK YOUFor text and slides:

www.sirjohn.ca