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Ecosystem services mapping as a framework

for integrated natural resource management

Dr. Chris Dickens

15th June 2015

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South African

Key legislation governing natural resources

Compendium of Environmental Law (2006):

67 Acts and 500 pages in 2006!

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The Status Quo – An Unsustainable Future?

The 2006 South Africa Environmental Outlook (SAEO) document acknowledged that the “comprehensive and generally sound environmental regulatory regime is in place” and that “there has been a steady increase in the budget allocation for environmental management at both the national and provincial levels”.

Yet…..:

National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment (NSBA): Terrestrial systems, 34% of all 440 ecosystems are threatened

Rivers - 82% of the main river signatures classified as threatened, 44% are critically endangered.

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The Status Quo – An Unsustainable Future?

Failure is due to:• No holistic approach• No acknowledgement of the value of natural resources in development

planning• Poor coordination• Increased delegation of responsibility to the local level, without the necessary

capacity and support

Meso-scale management

Social simulation and complex systems

Ecosystem services approach

Matching interventions with economic incentives

Scenario analysis

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The Afromaison Approach

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Understanding the value of natural systems

Ecosystem services emerge as useful mechanism for integration of natural

systems, people and economy

Environmental

Quality

Social WellBeing

Economic

Prosperity

Governance

Figure 11: Sustainability model in South Africa

Water regulating services: Supply

/7

Water regulating services: Demand

/8

Water regulating services: Prioritisation

/9

Optimise resources: Remedial intervention

/10

Low supplyHigh demand

Optimise resources: Preservation

/11

High supply High demand

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Economic instruments

• multiple groups of instruments. • Price based instruments (7)• Rights based instruments (2)• Legal, voluntary and information based

instruments (5)

DRIVERS IMPACT MANAGEMENT ACTION ECONOMIC /Other INSTRUMENT

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Indicators of INRM• Linked to key issues related to the drivers and symptoms of change in NR• e.g. grass cover, soil runoff etc• also Governance indicators – e.g. participation in governance

INRM SUCCESS INDICATORS

System Criteria Indicator Target Measure Data Source & Method

Natural Systems

Water Resource

Quality

Capacity of large storage impoundments.

Decrease in the rate of reduction in dam capacity

Rate of decline in dam capacity measured as % of total capacity/per year. Change measured at frequency of 5 years (annual too small a period to note changes).

Hydrographic survey undertaken by DWA Directorate: Spatial and Land Information Management (Reference: http://www.dwaf.gov.za/bi/services.htm)

Turbidity levels

Decrease in annual average turbidity levels.

Change in average annual turbidity levels (NTU). Change measured at 5 yearly interval (annual too short a period to account for natural variation)

Measurement at inflow points to large dams using a clarity tube and measured in cm. Undertaken by DWA officials as part of daily management (this may be too onerous). Alternatively, a local resident living at the inflow is employed to take record.

Effective stakeholder consultation

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Effective stakeholder consultation

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Effective Institutional Coordination

Socio-political factors

• Competing political parties, traditional leaders

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Appropriate Institutional Structure - proposed

Figure 1 Proposed institutional structure for INRM at the District scale

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The End!