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Ecosystem services mapping as a framework

for integrated natural resource management

Dr. Chris Dickens

15th June 2015

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South

African

Key legislation

governing natural

resources

Compendium of

Environmental Law

(2006):

67 Acts and 500 pages

in 2006!

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The Status Quo – An Unsustainable Future?

The 2006 South Africa Environmental Outlook (SAEO) document acknowledged

that the “comprehensive and generally sound environmental regulatory

regime is in place” and that “there has been a steady increase in the budget

allocation for environmental management at both the national and

provincial levels”.

Yet…..:

National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment (NSBA):

Terrestrial systems, 34% of all 440 ecosystems are threatened

Rivers - 82% of the main river signatures classified as threatened,

44% are critically endangered.

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The Status Quo – An Unsustainable Future?

Failure is due to:

• No holistic approach

• No acknowledgement of the value of natural resources in development

planning

• Poor coordination

• Increased delegation of responsibility to the local level, without the necessary

capacity and support

Meso-scale management

Social simulation and complex systems

Ecosystem services approach

Matching interventions with economic incentives

Scenario analysis

1

4

5

2

3

The Afromaison Approach

/6

uThukela District case study

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Understanding the value of natural systems

Ecosystem services emerge as useful mechanism for integration of natural

systems, people and economy

Environmental

Quality

Social Well

Being

Economic

Prosperity

Governance

Figure 11: Sustainability model in South Africa

Water regulating services: Supply

/9

Water regulating services: Demand

/10

Water regulating services: Prioritisation

/11

Optimise resources: Remedial intervention

/12

Low supply

High demand

Optimise resources: Preservation

/13

High supply

High demand

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Economic instruments

• multiple groups of instruments.

• Price based instruments (7)

• Rights based instruments (2)

• Legal, voluntary and information based

instruments (5)

DRIVERS IMPACT MANAGEMENT ACTION ECONOMIC /Other

INSTRUMENT

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Indicators of INRM

• Linked to key issues related to the drivers and symptoms of change in NR

• e.g. grass cover, soil runoff etc

• also Governance indicators – e.g. participation in governance

INRM SUCCESS INDICATORS

System Criteria Indicator Target Measure Data Source & Method

Natural Systems

Water

Resource Quality

Capacity of

large

storage

impoundm

ents.

Decrease

in the rate

of

reduction

in dam

capacity

Rate of decline in

dam capacity

measured as % of

total capacity/per

year. Change

measured at

frequency of 5

years (annual too

small a period to

note changes).

Hydrographic survey undertaken by

DWA Directorate: Spatial and Land

Information Management

(Reference:

http://www.dwaf.gov.za/bi/service

s.htm)

Turbidity

levels

Decrease

in annual

average

turbidity

levels.

Change in average

annual turbidity

levels (NTU).

Change measured

at 5 yearly interval

(annual too short a

period to account

for natural

variation)

Measurement at inflow points to

large dams using a clarity tube and

measured in cm. Undertaken by

DWA officials as part of daily

management (this may be too

onerous). Alternatively, a local

resident living at the inflow is

employed to take record.

Effective

stakeholder

consultation

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Effective stakeholder consultation

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Effective Institutional Coordination

Socio-political factors

• Competing political parties, traditional leaders

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Appropriate Institutional Structure - proposed

Figure 1 Proposed institutional structure for INRM at the District scale

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The End!