EcologyEcology

EcologyEcology Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life.Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life. Compare the way a variety of living specimens carry out basic Compare the way a variety of living specimens carry out basic

life functions and maintain dynamic equilibrium.life functions and maintain dynamic equilibrium. Plants and animals depend on each other and their physical Plants and animals depend on each other and their physical

environment.environment. Describe the flow of energy and matter through food chains and Describe the flow of energy and matter through food chains and

food webs.food webs. Interpret and/or illustrate the energy flow in a food chain, energy Interpret and/or illustrate the energy flow in a food chain, energy

pyramid, or food web.pyramid, or food web. Provide evidence that green plants make food and explain the Provide evidence that green plants make food and explain the

significance of this process to other organisms.significance of this process to other organisms. Human decisions and activities have had a profound impact on Human decisions and activities have had a profound impact on

the physical and living environment.the physical and living environment. Describe how living things, including humans, depend upon the Describe how living things, including humans, depend upon the

living and nonliving environment for their survival. living and nonliving environment for their survival.

VocabularyVocabulary

CarnivoreCarnivore: Eats only other animals (meat): Eats only other animals (meat) CommunityCommunity: All the living things in an area: All the living things in an area ConsumerConsumer: (Heterotroph) Must eat food for energy: (Heterotroph) Must eat food for energy DecomposerDecomposer: Breaks down dead plants and animals : Breaks down dead plants and animals

for energy and gives nutrients back to the soilfor energy and gives nutrients back to the soil EcologyEcology: Study of living things and how they interact : Study of living things and how they interact

with each other and their environmentwith each other and their environment EcosystemEcosystem: All the living and nonliving things in an : All the living and nonliving things in an

areaarea

VocabularyVocabulary

HerbivoreHerbivore: Eats only plants: Eats only plants MutualismMutualism: (Symbiosis) When two organisms need : (Symbiosis) When two organisms need

each other to survive, neither is harmed, both benefiteach other to survive, neither is harmed, both benefit OmnivoreOmnivore: Eats both plants and animals: Eats both plants and animals ParasitismParasitism: One organism (parasite) lives off another : One organism (parasite) lives off another

(host) causing it harm(host) causing it harm PopulationPopulation: all the same species in a community: all the same species in a community ProducerProducer: (Autotroph) makes its own energy by using : (Autotroph) makes its own energy by using

the Sun’s energy and photosynthesisthe Sun’s energy and photosynthesis

Living Things and Their EnvironmentLiving Things and Their Environment

EnergyEnergy

A. All organisms need __________ to surviveA. All organisms need __________ to survive

B. _________ is the primary source of energyB. _________ is the primary source of energy

C. Producers (Autotrophs)C. Producers (Autotrophs)

1. Use the Sun’s energy to make their own 1. Use the Sun’s energy to make their own

__________________________

2. Example: ________________________2. Example: ________________________

Energy

Sun

Food (Glucose)

Green Plants

Living Things and Their EnvironmentLiving Things and Their Environment

D. Consumers (Heterotrophs)D. Consumers (Heterotrophs)1. Require ________ for energy1. Require ________ for energy2. Cells use ________ to release the energy 2. Cells use ________ to release the energy

found found in foodin food3. __________________: obtain energy from 3. __________________: obtain energy from consuming plantsconsuming plants4. __________________: obtain energy from4. __________________: obtain energy from consuming animalsconsuming animals5. __________________: obtain energy from5. __________________: obtain energy from consuming plants and animalsconsuming plants and animals6. __________________: obtain energy from6. __________________: obtain energy from consuming wastes and/or dead organisms consuming wastes and/or dead organisms

FoodOxygen

Herbivores

Carnivores

Omnivores

Decomposers

Energy FlowEnergy Flow

Food Chain: energy flows from _______ to Food Chain: energy flows from _______ to producers to ____________ to decomposersproducers to ____________ to decomposers

SunConsumers

Energy FlowEnergy Flow Energy Pyramid: Movement of energy from the Sun Energy Pyramid: Movement of energy from the Sun

through ___________, consumers and ____________through ___________, consumers and ____________Producers Decomposers

Food Chains vs. Energy PyramidsFood Chains vs. Energy Pyramids How are Food Chains and Energy Pyramids How are Food Chains and Energy Pyramids

similar?similar?

How are Food Chains and Energy Pyramids How are Food Chains and Energy Pyramids different?different?

Both show where each organism gets their energy Both show where each organism gets their energy from (who eats who)from (who eats who)

Energy Pyramids show energy lost at each level Energy Pyramids show energy lost at each level and food chains do notand food chains do notEnergy Pyramids show the amount of energy at Energy Pyramids show the amount of energy at each level and food chains do noteach level and food chains do not

Energy FlowEnergy Flow Food Web: many over lapping food chains Food Web: many over lapping food chains

Plants Squirrels FoxPlants Squirrels Hawks and Owls

Analyzing Food WebsAnalyzing Food Webs What would happen to the owl What would happen to the owl

population if the frog population population if the frog population increased?increased?

What would happen to the mice What would happen to the mice population if the grasshopper population if the grasshopper population decreased?population decreased?

What would happen to the fox What would happen to the fox population if the frog population population if the frog population decreased?decreased?

They would increase

They would decrease

They would remain the same

Analyzing Food WebsAnalyzing Food WebsIdentify the following:Identify the following: ProducersProducers

HerbivoresHerbivores

CarnivoresCarnivores

OmnivoresOmnivores

What is missing?What is missing?

Green Plants and Berries

Grasshoppers, Rabbits, Squirrels

Frogs, Fox, Owls, and Snakes

Mice

Decomposers – Bacteria or Fungi (Mushrooms)

Food Chains vs. Food WebsFood Chains vs. Food Webs

How are Food Chains and Food Webs similar?How are Food Chains and Food Webs similar?

How are Food Chains and Food Webs different?How are Food Chains and Food Webs different?

Both show how organisms get energy (what eats what)

In food chains, each organism has only one thing to consume.In food webs, organisms may have more than one thing to consume.

InteractionsInteractions

___________: the study of relationships and ___________: the study of relationships and interactions of living things with one another, interactions of living things with one another, together with their non living environmenttogether with their non living environment

Ecology

EcosystemEcosystem

A. A group of organisms in an _________ that interact A. A group of organisms in an _________ that interact

with one another and with their nonliving with one another and with their nonliving environmentenvironment

B. Community: the _____________ part of the B. Community: the _____________ part of the ecosystemecosystem

C. PopulationC. Population

1. Group of the ___________ type of organism 1. Group of the ___________ type of organism

living together in the same arealiving together in the same area

2. Example: all the squirrels in the area2. Example: all the squirrels in the area

area

living

same species

EcosystemEcosystem

Ecosystem: Fish tank (Sun, Water, Oxygen, Ecosystem: Fish tank (Sun, Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Plants, and FishCarbon Dioxide, Plants, and Fish

Community: Plants and FishCommunity: Plants and Fish Population 1: FishPopulation 1: Fish Population 2: PlantsPopulation 2: Plants

Parasitism Parasitism

A. an organism that lives off of another organism A. an organism that lives off of another organism (________) causing harm to it(________) causing harm to it

B. Example: harmful bacteria that make you sick B. Example: harmful bacteria that make you sick

Parasite: Harmful BacteriaHost: Human

Host

Mutualism Mutualism

A. A. two organisms living together so that neither is two organisms living together so that neither is __________ but both ___________ and need __________ but both ___________ and need each other to surviveeach other to survive

B. Examples: microorganisms essential to other B. Examples: microorganisms essential to other organisms, Cleaner shrimp that eat parasites off organisms, Cleaner shrimp that eat parasites off of other fish of other fish

Harmed Benefit