Ecology Cells- Structure, function, membranes, different types.
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Transcript of Ecology Cells- Structure, function, membranes, different types.
Ecology
Cells- Structure, function,
membranes, different types
Plant systems
Animal Systems
Evolution and Classification- natural selection, speciation,
classification
Labs
Ecology
$100
CellsPlant
SystemsAnimal
SystemsLabs
Evolution and
Classification
Double Jeopardy!
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$400
What phenomenon
is exemplified
by the figure?
Ecology
Back $400
What is biomagnification?
Ecology
$200
In a certain community, the absence of a hawk leads to the increase in the snake population, which leads to a decrease in the mouse population
followed by an increase in the grasshopper population and finally a
decrease in the plant population. What model does this situation
exemplify?
Ecology
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What is the top-down model?
Ecology
$500
What pattern of dispersion
would these fish most
likely exhibit within their population’s geographic
range?
Ecology
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What is uniform?
Ecology
Ecology
$100
During the summer, lakes with winter ice cover consist of warm surface water, cold bottom water, and this vertical zone of rapid
temperature change between the warm and cold water.
Ecology
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What is a thermocline?
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____ ________ is determined by the amount of solar radiation, temperature, and water
availability and is high in areas with abundant rainfall and high
temperatures. It and tree species richness have a positive
correlation.
Ecology
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What is actual evapotranspiration?
Ecology
$100
One difference between plant cells is that the centrosomes of an animal cell contain a pair of this structure while
the centrosomes of an animal cell lack them.
Cells
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What are centrioles?
Cells
$200
These molecules of an animal cell plasma
membrane are specifically recognized by other cells
and help cells to recognize one another.
Cells
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What are glycoproteins?
Cells
$300
This type of intercellular junction in animal tissues that
fastens cells together are anchored to the cytoplasm by intermediate filaments made
of keratin proteins
Cells
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What are desmosomes?
Cells
$400
Plant cells contain a primary cell wall and sometimes a secondary cell wall, and between the primary cell
walls of adjacent plant cells is this thin layer of
polysaccharides called pectins.
Cells
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What is the middle Lamella?
Cells
$500
In this type of endocytosis in animal cells, the cell “gulps” droplets of
extracellular fluid to obtain the dissolved molecules
within these droplets that the cell needs.
Cells
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What is pinocytosis?
Cells
$300
This organ, indicated by the red arrows, is the first to emerge
from a germinating seed.
Plant Systems
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What is the radicle?
Plant Systems
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These supporting cells are located in parts of the plant
that have stopped growing in length. They have thick secondary walls that are typically strengthened by
ligin.
Plant Systems
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What are sclerenchyma cells?
Plant Systems
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Besides the outside air, this part of the plant has the lowest water potential. This difference in water
potential helps drive xylem sap up a tree.
Plant Systems
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What are the air spaces of leaves?
Plant Systems
$400
The signal transduction pathway in plants beginning with light activated phytochromes that use either cGMP
or opening of the calcium ion channels to activate specific protein kinases. The protein kinases lead to the activation of transcription factors
that lead to the expression of proteins that function in this
response.
Plant Systems
Back $400
What is the de-etiolation response?
Plant Systems
$500
This plant hormone is found in the leaves, stems, roots, and green fruit of a plant and is responsible for inhibiting
plant growth, closing stomata during water stress, and
promoting seed dormancy.
Plant Systems
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What is abscisic acid?
Plant Systems
$100
Most ATP in an animal’s energy budget is formed as a result of the _____ of organic fuel molecules.
Animal Systems
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What is oxidation?
Animal Systems
$200
In insects, other arthropods, and most mollusks this
substance, which has no distinction between blood and
interstital fluid, bathes organisms directly, creating an open circulatory system.
Animal Systems
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What is hemolymph?
Animal Systems
$300
To what type of animal does this type of circulatory
system belong?
Animal Systems
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What are amphibians?
Animal Systems
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Class I MHC molecules displaying a bound peptide antigen is
recognized by what type of cell?
Animal Systems
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What are cytoxic T cells?
Animal Systems
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In the human kidney, 80% of nephrons consist of cortical
nephrons that have loops of Henel that extend only into the renal
cortex, the other 20% of nephrons are ______ nephrons that have well
developed loops of Henel that extend into the renal medulla.
Animal Systems
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What are juxtamediallary?
Animal Systems
I P M A T
$100
This phase is the longest
stage of mitosis and lasts about
twenty minutes.
Labs
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What is metaphase?
Labs
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LabsIn the transformation lab, bacteria were able to grow with ampicillin due to the addition of an antibiotic
resistant gene to the bacteria via this.
Back $200
What is plasmid?
Labs
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When using chromatography to
separate the pigments of a plant, this pigment travels the shortest
distance up the paper.
Labs
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What is chlorophyll b?
Labs
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Based on the ratio of red eyed flies
to sepia eyed flies, we can
determine that the parents’
genotypes are ________
Labs
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What are heterozygous?
Labs
$500
Subtracting these two measurements will
give us _______.
Labs
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What is respiration?
Labs
$100
The conditions for self-replicating molecules and a metabolism like
source for the building blocks were provided by these
combined abiotically produced molecules that are surrounded by a membrane-like structure.
These structures can reproduce, metabolize, and maintain some
degree of homeostasis.
Evolution and Classification
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What are protobionts?
Evolution and Classification
$200
These kinds of homologous genes were passed from
one generation to the next but were separated into different gene pools as a result of speciation.
Evolution and Classification
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What are orthologous genes?
Evolution and Classification
$300
This biologist observed that species change over time as a
result of the individuals adapting to their environments. He believed that the traits an
organism acquires due to a changing environment were
passed on to the next generation.
Evolution and Classification
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Who is Lamarck?
Evolution and Classification
$400
This process, in which green algae and red algae were ingested by food vacuoles of
heterotrophic eukaryotes, led to the diversification of plastids that exists in
plastid-bearing organisms today.
Evolution and Classification
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What is secondary endosymbiosis?
Evolution and Classification
$500
This animal phylum lacks true tissues?
Evolution and Classification
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What is porifera?
Evolution and Classification
DoubleJeopardy!!!
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Cell division: mitosis and
meiosis
Molecular genetics - transcription,
translation, DNA structure & replication,
genetics
Biotechnology
Things we didn’t cover
Photosynthesis
$200
RespirationCell
DivisionMolecular Genetics
BiotechnologyThings we
Didn’t Cover
Final Jeopardy!
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In noncyclic electron flow, this structure contains P700 to supply the electrons for the primary acceptor, and the
output of this part of noncyclic electron flow
consists of NADPH.
Photosynthesis
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What is photosystem I?
Photosynthesis
$400
Chlorophyll a is almost identical to chlorophyll b,
except chlorophyll b contains this
molecule instead of CH3.
Photosynthesis
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What is CHO?
Photosynthesis
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This five carbon sugar is the one to which carbon dioxide
molecules attach at the beginning of the Calvin cycle. It is also regenerated at the
end of the Calvin cycle so that it may begin again.
Photosynthesis
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What is RuBP?
Photosynthesis
$800
These kinds of plants open their stomata at night and close them during the day.
Cacti and pineapples are examples of this type of
plant.
Photosynthesis
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What are CAM Plants?
Photosynthesis
$1000
Unlike the mitochondria, where the intermembrane space acts as the reservoir for protons, the reservoir for
protons in chloroplasts is the _______ _____
Photosynthesis
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Thylakoid Space
Photosynthesis
$200
This electron acceptor is only found in the
citric acid cycle.
Respiration
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What is FAD?
Respiration
$400
The remainder of electron carriers
between ubiquinone and oxygen are these
proteins.
Respiration
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What are cytochromes?
Respiration
$600
These macromolecules are the only ones that can be catabolized by going straight into the
citric acid cycle.
Respiration
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What are proteins?
Respiration
$800
In glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, a smaller
amount of ATP is produced through this
process.
Respiration
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What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
Respiration
$1000
The electron transport chain gradually changes ___ ____ in the transition from H2 +
½ O2 to H2O so that the release of heat and light energy is not explosive.
Respiration
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What is free energy?
Respiration
$200
In order for a kinase (a protein that activates or inactivates other
molecules via phosphorylation) to be activated it must be attached to this.
Cell Division
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What is a cyclin?
Cell Division
$400
It is hypothesized that mitosis evolved from this
manner of asexual reproduction carried out by prokaryotes with a couple
of processes by other organisms in between.
Cell Division
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What is binary fission?
Cell Division
$600
During anaphase, these microtubules
shorten at their ends rather than the ends of the spindle poles.
Cell Division
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What are kinetochores?
Cell Division
$800
Unlike the chromosomes in
mitosis, the chromosomes in meiosis are _____.
Cell Division
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What are paired?
Cell Division
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What is the name of the short microtubules
surrounding the centrosomes during cell
division?
Cell Division
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What are asters?
Cell Division
$200
These noncoding repetitions of short nucleotide
sequences at the end of human DNA protect DNA from erosion caused by
repeated DNA replication.
Molecular Genetics
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Telomeres
Molecular Genetics
$400
According to the ________ model, both strands of the paternal DNA molecule separate to serve as a template for new, complementary strands. The
strands of the first replication contain one strand of parent DNA and one of
the new, complementary strand. After the second replication there are two of the aforementioned and two containing
all new DNA strands.
Molecular Genetics
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What is semiconservative?
Molecular Genetics
$600
This small organic molecule is important in positive gene
regulation in E. coli by activating a regulatory protein called the catabolic activator protein in E.
coli, which inhibits the lac operator by blocking the RNA polymerase from transcribing.
Molecular Genetics
Back $600
What is cAMP?
Molecular Genetics
$800
Which of the sites on a translating ribosome
does an incoming tRNA molecule fit into when it
brings a new amino acid?
Molecular Genetics
Back $800
What is the A site?
Molecular Genetics
$1000
The ____-_ ___, in addition to the 5’ cap of an mRNA molecule,
facilitate export of mRNA from the nucleus, protect the
mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes, and help ribosomes
attach to the 5’ end of the mRNA.
Molecular Genetics
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What is poly-A tail?
Molecular Genetics
$200
These double stranded RNA molecules turn off genes with the same sequence and thus
inhibit gene expression.
Biotechnology
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What are small interfering RNAs?
Biotechnology
$400
These proteins have many amino acids
with a positive charge and bind to negatively charged
DNA. They help determine
chromosome structure.
Biotechnology
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What are histones?
Biotechnology
$600
The molecules at the bottom of the gel are at the bottom
because they are _____ than those at the
top.
Biotechnology
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What is shorter?
Biotechnology
$800
These synthetic structures called ____ ________
________ an origin site for replication, a centromere, and two telomeres with
foreign DNA.
Biotechnology
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What are yeast artificial
chromosomes?
Biotechnology
$1000
In the DNA sequencing method dideoxy chain termination, these will randomly insert
themselves on a growing DNA strand that is complementary to the template DNA strand
instead of a deoxyribonucleotide.
Biotechnology
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What are dideoxyribonucleotides
?
Biotechnology
$200
Things we didn’t cover
Back $200
Things we didn’t cover
$400
This type of RNA in a eukaryotic cell is part of a complex of
protein and RNA that recognizes signal peptides attached to polypeptides
destined to go to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Things we didn’t cover
Back $400
What is SRP RNA?
Things we didn’t cover
$600
These kinds of sensory receptors detect physical deformation caused by stimuli including touch,
pressure, stretch, motion, or sound.
Things we didn’t cover
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What are mechanoreceptors?
Things we didn’t cover
$800
These types of eyes are found on insects and
crustaceans.
Things we didn’t cover
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What are compound eyes?
Things we didn’t cover
$1000
For animals of a given body mass, _______ is the most energy-efficient method
of locomotion while running is the least
energy efficient.
Things we didn’t cover
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What is swimming?
Things we didn’t cover
FinalJeopardy!!!
In cellular communication, this secondary messenger
activates the gated calcium channel attached to the endoplasmic reticulum,
causing it to release calcium ions, another secondary
messenger, into the cytosol so that it activates various
proteins and creates cellular responses.
Final Jeopardy!!!
What is IP3?
Final Jeopardy!!!