Ecological level of globalization. Ecology Ecology – science dealing with relations between live...
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Transcript of Ecological level of globalization. Ecology Ecology – science dealing with relations between live...
Ecology
Ecology – science dealing with relations between live organisms and their environment
Ecology – activity of social and political movements toward the environmental protection
Our right to „green world”
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 25:
„everyone has the right to a
standard of living adequate for their health and
well-being”
Major environmental problems of today Global warming Acid Rain Rain forrest destruction Air pollution Water pollution Overpopulation Hazardous waste Ozone depletion
Globalization vs Environment
ENEMIES? – the problems are caused by the globalized economical actions and activities of corporations
FRIENDS? - only by globalized actions we can fight the environmental problems
Globalization vs Environment
Only by globalized actions we can fight the
environmental problems: Conference on Environment and Development – Rio de Janeiro
1992 Convention on Climate Change – Rio de Janeiro 1992 Conference on Human Settlements – Habitat agenda and Agenda
21 – Istanbul 1992 International Conference on Population and Development – Cairo
1994 Protocol on Climate Change – Kyoto 1997 World Summit on Sustainable Development – Johannesburg 2002
Global efforts – UN efforts
1992 - United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (192 countries)
Under the Convention, governments: gather and share information on greenhouse gas
emissions, national policies and best practices launch national strategies for addressing greenhouse
gas emissions and adapting to expected impacts, including the provision of financial and technological support to developing countries
cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change
Global efforts – UN efforts
1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 1992 Convention
The major distinction between the Protocol and Convention is that while the Convention encouraged developed countries to stabilize GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions, the Protocol commits them to do so.
The Protocol requires developed countries to reduce their GHG emissions below levels specified for each of them in the Treaty. These targets must be met within a five-year time frame between 2008 and 2012
Global efforts – UN efforts
Kyoto Protocol will affect virtually all major sectors of the economy, it is considered to be the most far-reaching agreement on environment and sustainable development ever adopted.
It must also be politically acceptable. Most of the world’s countries eventually agreed to the Protocol, but some nations chose not to ratify it USA, China, Poland...
Following ratification by Russia, the Kyoto Protocol entered into force on 16 February 2005.
2007 UN Climate Change Conference in Bali brought together more than
10,000 participants, including representatives of over 180 countries together with observers from intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations and the media
culminated in the adoption of the Bali roadmap, which charts the course for a new negotiating process to be concluded by 2009 that will ultimately lead to a post-2012 international agreement on climate change (the Bali Action Plan).
Sustainable Development – hard to define – easy to critisize development that "meets the needs of the present
generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." (UN Commission on Environment and Development)
socio-ecological process characterized by the fulfillment of human needs while maintaining the quality of the
natural environment indefinitely
Environment vs Globalization
„Green” antiglobalization movements
Blame globalized economy and corporate institutions for all the environmental and human problems
Hold undeniable facts...
Some of the environmental and human arguments
Climate change causes death of 160 000 people every year
Within the next 50 years 1/3 of all the species will extinct The 3 RICHEST PEOPLE in the world own assets that
exceed the combined gross national product of ALL LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES and their 600 million
people. On average, developing countries have one doctor for
every 6,000 people whereas industrialized countries have one for every 350 people.
Important vocabulary
Climate change Global warming Acid Rain Air pollution Sustainable
development Environmental
proctecion Gas emission