ECE I Objective 4.03 Interpret Theories of Child Development.
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Transcript of ECE I Objective 4.03 Interpret Theories of Child Development.
ECE I
Objective 4.03
Interpret Theories of
Child Development
6 Major Theories of Child Dev. Psychosocial Theory of Human Dev.
Erik Erikson
Theory of Cognitive Dev. Jean Piaget
Theory of Behaviorism B. F. Skinner and others
Theories con’t… Sociocultural Theory
Lev Vygotsky
Theory of Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner
Motivation Theory Abraham Maslow
Erik Erikson-Human Dev. Life is a series of
stages Each individual must
pass through each stage
Way in which a person handlers each of these stages affects the person’s identity and self-concept
Psychosocial Stages Newborn
Trust Vs. Mistrust
Toddler Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt
Preschool Child Initiative Vs. Guilt
Psychosocial Stages con’t… School-age child
Industry Vs. Inferiority
Adolescent Identity Vs. Role Confusion
Young adult Intimacy Vs. Isolation
Psychosocial Stages con’t… Adult
Generativity Vs. Stagnation
Elder Integrity Vs. Despair
Jean Piaget-Cognitive Dev. Behavior of children and the dev. of their
thinking can only be explained by the interaction of:
Nature intrinsic dev.
Nurture extrinsic environmental factors
Children pass through specific stages as they develop their Cognitive Dev. Skills: Sensorimotor
Birth-2 years Infants develop their intellect
Preoperational 2-6 years
Children begin to think symbolically and imaginatively
Piaget’s Cognitive Dev. Skills con’t…
Concrete Operational 6-12 years
Children learn to think logically
Formal operational 12 yrs-adulthood
Adults develop critical thinking skills
B.F. Skinner & others-Behaviorism Based on Locke’s tabula rasa (“clean
slate”) idea Skinner theorized that a child is an “empty
organism” An empty vessel
waiting to be filled through learning experiences
Skinner-Behaviorism con’t… Any behavior can be changed through the
use of positive and negative reinforcement.
Behaviorism is based on cause-and-effect relationships.
Major elements of behaviorism include: Positive and negative reinforcement Use of stimulus and response Modeling Conditioning
Sociocultural TheoryLev Vygotsky The cultures in which children are raised
and the ways in which they interact with people influence their intellectual development.
Lev Vygotsky-Sociocultural Theory
Cultural environments Children learn values Beliefs Skills Traditions
eventually pass on to their own children
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory con’t…. Through cooperative play, children learn to
behave according to the rules of their cultures.
Learning is an active process. Learning is constructed.
Vygotsky’s Elements of Sociocultural Theory:
Zone of proximal development
Scaffolding
Theory of Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner
Intelligence is viewed as the ability to solve problems and create products in a specific situation.
Many kinds of intelligences exist. IQ tests
Focus on 1 & 2 of these intelligences
Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence's Intelligences may be exceptionally well-
developed in individuals either by:
Well-developed parts of the brain
Or Cultural conditions
The 8 intelligences that are widely recognized are:
1. Linguistic
2. Logical-mathematical
3. Spatial
4. Bodily – kinesthetic
5. Intrapersonal
6. Interpersonal
7. Musical
8. Naturalistic
Copy website
http://www2.bgfl.org/bgfl2/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks3/ict/multiple_int/index.htm
Motivation TheoryAbraham Maslow
People are motivated by a set of basic human needs that may be organized in the form of a hierarchy, or pyramid, with the most critical needs at the bottom of the hierarchy.
Maslow’s Motivational Theory He say’s….
Once our most critical needscritical needs—physical, are met, individuals can focus on achieving higher and loftier needs such as love, respect, and self-actualization.
Maslow’s Basic NeedsBeginning with the most critical