EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

OUTDOOR ILLIUMINATION OF

ARSENAL TOWER

(T.R.N.C G.MAGOSA]

SUPERVISED BY: PROF.HALDON GURMEN

PREPARED BY: SAMER EL-REFAI

SPRING 1993

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to have a special thanks to my supervisor prof.

Haldon GURMEN for providing me all the required documents

and directing me through my project.

Also I would like to thank my department and my teachers

for all their helps in all my academic years.

PREPHASE:

In this project which is the illumination of the ARSENAL

TOWERby using the knowledgment of the outdoor

illumination and the flood lighting calculations we

succeeded to organise things such that they lead to be

acceptable solution.

We have been very careful about sutisfying the

illuminance needed by selected the light sources just

to be suitable to the color of the wall to be

illuminated and its area.

We also were very earful about the arrangement of

the light sources so that the illuminance must be

satisfied and the people will not be efficted by the

reflection of the regularity coefficient.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

-CHAPTER ONE

-PLANING

-THE FORM OF BUILDING

-CARRYING OUT A FLOOD LIGHTING PROJECT

-SURFACE MATERIAL OF THE FACADE

-SELECTION OF THE LEVEL OF ILLUMINATION

CHAPTER TWO

-EQUIPMENTS USED IN FLOOD LIGHTING

-UNITES USED IN ILLUMINATION

CHAPTER THREE

-CALCULATION TECHNIQUES

-COMPUTER PROGRAM OF ILLUMINATION

-RESULTS

-PLAN OF INSTALLATION

-COST OF THE PROJECT

CONCLUSION

APPENDIX

INTRODUCTION

As an introduction to lighting and a review of the entire

~istory of light , from the first uses of sunlight ,to the

development of candles, down through the oilburner and then

~o the lamps ,would be a book itself .Also the topic is

concerned with the use of artificial light as a modern and

~1exible design medium. Before going through the proce­

dures of this project, a few things to be discussed about

the ages of lamp :that the first lamp consisted of a glass

bulb containing bamboofiber ,that had been reduced to carbon

with the production of the first tungsten filament lamp,

the efficiency of the lamp was more than doubled.By intro­

ducing the fluorescent lamp, i.e,the second age of light

,introduction revolutionized the field of lighting when it

was demonstrated that a fluorescent lamp produced more light

at a lower cost than the incandescent lamp.The approach to

lighting began to change by the third age of light ,that

has been called "AGE of REFINEMENT''it is difficult to

comment on a period that it still developing ,for this

reason a lighting - engineer must followed FOUR simple steps

in application

of lighting:

1- Determine the desired level of illumination (usual

ly based on a published recommendation) .

2- Select a luminary that will produce this level .

3- Calculate the required number of luminaries .

~ayout the installation for uniformity of

illumination

=ccording to the place to be illuminated as an

a~tificial illumination . It can be divided into two

~oups as indoor and outdoor illumination.

~~E ARSENAL TOWER was chosen for outdoor

illumination needs two methods of calculation .

UMEH METHODEcan explain the practical method to

determine the number of fittings . The number of fittings

can be calculated by dividing the total flux to flux of one

iitting only.

The second method which is DIRECT ILLUMINANCE CALCULA-

TION METHOD . By using this method and applying the comput­

er program including the intensity matrix, the illuminance

at each point on the surface of the walls were obtained.

C H A P T E R 0 N E

OUTDOOR ILLUMINATION

a) PLANING

A flood lighting installation project can only be carried

successfully if a true study has been made of the building

ncerned. The light engineer should become familiar with all

=actors relating to lighting installation for the building.It

~s essential she /he should first study the features of the

=acade under various conditions and with sunlight falling upon

it at different angles in order to decide which are the most

attractive features .

b) THE CONTRAST BETWEEN THE FACADE AND THE BACKGROUND:

The contrast between the facade and its

background are changes continuously with changes in

weather conditions when, for example , the rays of the

sun fall directly on the facade and there is a

cloudless sky, the facade will be brighter then the

background because of the greater reflection . Sunlight

falling directly on the building causes hard shadows .

c) CARRYING OUT A FLOOD LIGHTING PROJECT:

The following points should be cosiderd when

p:aning a flood light installation

i) Direction of view,

It ought to decide on the main direction from which

~~e building is viewed Generally there will be

e~al , but often one can be decided upon the main

direction of view.

ii) Distance,

decide on the normal distance the view and the building

based on the main direction on the view. Whether one can

see all or none of the architectural details on the facade­

will depend on the distance chosen.

iii) Surrounding and background,

It must be obtain a clear idea of the background

against which the building will be seen .If the

surrounding and the background are dark a relatively

small amount of light is needed to make the building

lighter then the background .the colors of the light

already present in the background of the building,

even street lighting , must then be taken into

consideration

iv) Obstacles,

Trees and fences around the building can form a decora­

tive part of an installation . An attractive way of

dealing with these is to place the sources of light

behind them .Two advantages are gained:

FIRSTLY the light sources are not seen by viewer ,and

SECONDLY the trees and fences are silhouetted against

the light background of the facade .The impression of depth

is therefore heightened.

SURFACE MATERIAL OF THE FACADE:

In determining the illumination level needed for a

-"'caae in order to obtain the required brightness ,the

~-=lection factor and way the building surface material

~eflected the lights are important to borne in mind . The

:=ferent material .

;:able below indicates the reflection factors of a number of

ERIAL

bite marble granite ight concrete or stone

dark concrete r stone

· ·tation concrete paint ~te brick

ov brick brick

STATE REFLECTION FACTOR

fairly clean fairly clean

fairly clean fairly clean very dirty clean clean new dirty

0.60 -0.65 0.10 -0.15

0.40 -0.50 0.25

o.os -0.10 a.so 0.80 0.35 * o.os

i"":he total reflection from a facade depends on the following

-,~~e material of the facade

~i}~he incident angle of the light

~~~)The position of the observer in relation to the

~e=:ection material (specular reflections)

lor of the material is also an important factor.

- ~= the color is used.

lor of the surface material is accentuated if

CTION OF THE LEVEL OF ILLUMINATION

The lighting level needed of facade to effect a

~ain brightness contrast depends upon such factor as the

_ _.-!:ection factor of the surface building material , the

tion of building in relation to its surroundings , the

-e=a~ brightness of this surroundings and the dimension of

building.

he following table presents some recommended

~l::l!Ilination level for various surface building material

_sed on building in either poorly lit ,well lit or brightly

lit surroundin~s.

ES OF SURFACE STATE P.L.S W.L.S B.L.S

------------------- ------- ------- ------ ite marble £.clean 25 50 100

ight concrete im- ·tation £.clean so 100 200

concrete paint £.clean 100 250 400

ite brick £.clean 20 40 80

ellow brick £.clean 50 100 * 200 ·te granite concrete £.clean 150 300 600

or dark stone £.clean 75 150 300

red brick £.clean 75 150 300

concrete v.dirty requires at least 150 - 300

red brick dirty requires at least 150 - 300

C H A P T E R T W 0

EQUIPMENT USED IN FLOODLIGHT a) Low pressure sodium lamps

~igh pressure sodium vapor lamps .

Height pressure mercury vapor lamps

etal hailed lamps .

In this project the high pressure sodium

apor lamps (SON - T 400 W) were considered

SSURE SODIUM VAPOR LAMPS (SON)

They have played an important role in the expending field of

dlighting. SON lamp is efficient, versatile light sources

start with their high luminous capacity means more light for

HIGH

__ ss money -a - feature for often decisive importance where

--1..qnting is implored for long periods of time . This plus the

:easing , warm golden white lights make, SON lamps an attrac­

e proposition for a wide range of application both in and

--~nnrs . Also SON lamps have balanced color rendering, reli­

:e and stable operation excellent lumen maintenance and short

"tion time

TYPE OF HIGH PRESSURE SON:

SON lamps : High pressure sodium vapor lamps , for outdoor

indoor use, with assintered aluminum oxide discharge tube

=c~osed in cater bulb .

-~) SON - T lamps :with centered aluminum oxide discharge

enclosed in a clear, tubular hard glass outer bulb.

APPLICATION:

Floodlightingb) Public lighting

Industrial lighting

Sports lighting

Airports lighting.

Road lighting.

Note : Technical data of this type of lamp were given

appendix.

GBTING UNITS AND DEFINITION

CANDELA

nits of luminous intensity , originally the luminous

......::~ensity of a specified candle burning at a specified

ELA : ( Cod )

nites of luminous intensity. Also called the new interna­

nal candela . Equal to the luminous intensity of a surface

f black - body radiator operated at the temperature of solidify-

platinum.

LUMINANCE :( L)

The luminous intensity in a given direction by the

area of the surface perpendicular to that direction.

:.UMEN : ( Lm )

The flux emitted in unit solid angle by a uniform

source of one candela. It is unit of luminous flux.

~n~NANCE : ( E )

nous flux on a surface element divided by the area of the

el nts, in lumen per square meter of flux.

CE INTENSITY: ( symbol: I I unit :cod)

quantity which describes the light giving power of a source

y particular direction. If Fis the luminous flux emitted

a cone of very small angle W, having its apex the source

·ts axis .

-~FLECTION FACTOR: ( n)

,e reflection factors describes the relationship between

· .cident luminous flux and the reflected luminous flux. This

~r depends upon the reflection properties of the surface of

terial to be illuminated.

INTENSITY: ( I max)

e maximum intensity of the beam is the maximum intensity

•••• aeeia 1000 iumen of the iamp tiux.

C H A P T E R T H R E E

METHOD OF CALCULATION:

There are two possible ways of calculating the types

and numbers of flood lighting needed to achieve the desired

illumination, the lumen method and the luminous intensity

method . For a large facade the lumen methode should be

used. This is upon a certain avarage luminous efficiency.

For high and small object church steeples chimneys

, etc ... , the luminous intenci ty method should be used

This is based on the luminous intencity relation in

a certain direction.

THE LUMEN METHOD:

This method consists in caculating the number of

lumens to be directed on to facade in order to obtain a

certain illumination level The number of lumens can be

calculated by means of formula below:

/t : ----~- * E --- n

Where/t is the total number of lamp lumens ,i.e. the

total luminous flux produced by all lamps .

A is the surface of the be facade to

illuminated in m

E : is the desired illumination in lux , on the

facade .

/soo c

q

--------=a I

: aaoH~~w X~IaNa~NI ~SOONIHO~

------------- - N

· sasso1

· p8p88U 8JUeu1mn111 84+ JO 6u1+e1nJ1eJ 84+ u~

+e +u1od 84+ JO S8+eu1p~OOJ 84+ +U8SJ8~d8~ x ! x 8+eu1mn111

4J14M 8ue1d 84+ +d8J~8+U1 s1xe ~O+J8~o~d 84+ 4J14M +E +U.

a4+ JO aJeJ~ns a4+ JO S8+eu1p~o0J 84+ a~e ox! ox

a~a4M

4 I ox = ox ' ox<---- ox I I

4 I ox = ox ' ox<---- ox I I

ll I X = X ' X <----- X I I

ll I x = X ' X <----- X I I

pol{+am 4Jeo~dde l+1su8+U1 6u1sn lg

poq~aw uo1~vtnotv~

~GOH~~w ~~~HIG ~H~ DNISn ~o X~M ~H~

· pa+eu1mn111

aq o a aue1d al{+ uo 1em~ou sa){1 ~+s

uraaq +ll.611 al{+ l{JTllM +12 81.6u12 al{+ sr :JI

pa+12uamn111 apl2Jl2J

al{+ JO l{J1l{A aJeJ~ns al{+ pue ~O+Ja~o~d

al{+ uaaA+aq aJUl2+S1P al{+ : p1es 8q ueJ os1e

pa.6u12~~e a~12 s.6u1++1J al{+ l{J1l{M uo 18A81

al{+ aAoq12 +Ja~qo a4+ JO +saq.61q 8ll+ s1 :q

o a16ue al{+ +12 l+1sua+u1 snou1mn1 al{+ s1 :r

· aoeJ~ns aq4 uo 4u1od qoea

+e saoueu1um111 puv ueum r 0001 .rad sa1+1sua+u1 ' sa1.6ue

aq4 pau1e4qo aq ueo +1 atue~.6o~d pa4e1a~ aq4 .6u1un~ AH (TT

x1puadde aq4 u1 uaA1.6

e1ntu~OJ pa+e1a~ O+U1 sa+u1od asaq+ .6u1+n+ 14sqns (1

aancaooaa

USING COMPUTER PROGRAMING

GER X,Y

XMIN,XMAX,YMIN,YMAX,INCX,INCY,H

XO,YOXl,Yl

CUBE,B,Dl,D2,ALFA1,ALFA,A,Al,C,Cl,GAMA1,GAMA,FACTOR

'Elf ( 3, FILE=' ILLUM. DAT' , STATUS=' NEW' )

ITE ( *, *) I ENTER XMIN AND XMAX'

(*,*)XMIN,XMAX

TE (*,*)'ENTER YMIN AND YMAX 1

(*,*)YMIN,YMAX

TE (*,*)'INCREAMENT FOR X ANDY'

(*,*)INCX,INCY

ITE (*,*)I INTER XO AND YO'

TE (*,*)'INTER H'

D

O=XO/H

O=YO/H

TE (3,100) XO,YO,H

(*,*)H

POIDIAT (21X,'XO=',F4.1,8X,'YO=',F4.1,8X,'H=',F4.1//

6X,'X',6X,'Y',9X,'C',9X,'GAMA',8X,'COS CUBE',SX,'FACTOR'/

,65('-'))

7 Y=YMAX,YMIN,-INCY

7 X=XMIN,XMAX,INCX

-x/H

.:Y/H

CIIIE=l/(((l+Xl*Xl+Yl*Yl))**(l.S))

+Xl*XlO+Yl*Yl((l+XlO*XlO)/(l+Xl*XlO))

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

OUTDOOR ILLIUMINATION OF

ARSENAL TOWER

(T.R.N.C G.MAGOSA]

SUPERVISED BY: PROF.HALDON GURMEN

PREPARED BY: SAMER EL-REFAI

SPRING 1993

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to have a special thanks to my supervisor prof.

Haldon GURMEN for providing me all the required documents

and directing me through my project.

Also I would like to thank my department and my teachers

for all their helps in all my academic years.

PREPHASE:

In this project which is the illumination of the ARSENAL

TOWERby using the knowledgment of the outdoor

illumination and the flood lighting calculations we

succeeded to organise things such that they lead to be

acceptable solution.

We have been very careful about sutisfying the

illuminance needed by selected the light sources just

to be suitable to the color of the wall to be

illuminated and its area.

We also were very earful about the arrangement of

the light sources so that the illuminance must be

satisfied and the people will not be efficted by the

reflection of the regularity coefficient.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

-CHAPTER ONE

-PLANING

-THE FORM OF BUILDING

-CARRYING OUT A FLOOD LIGHTING PROJECT

-SURFACE MATERIAL OF THE FACADE

-SELECTION OF THE LEVEL OF ILLUMINATION

CHAPTER TWO

-EQUIPMENTS USED IN FLOOD LIGHTING

-UNITES USED IN ILLUMINATION

CHAPTER THREE

-CALCULATION TECHNIQUES

-COMPUTER PROGRAM OF ILLUMINATION

-RESULTS

-PLAN OF INSTALLATION

-COST OF THE PROJECT

CONCLUSION

APPENDIX

INTRODUCTION

As an introduction to lighting and a review of the entire

~istory of light , from the first uses of sunlight ,to the

development of candles, down through the oilburner and then

~o the lamps ,would be a book itself .Also the topic is

concerned with the use of artificial light as a modern and

~1exible design medium. Before going through the proce­

dures of this project, a few things to be discussed about

the ages of lamp :that the first lamp consisted of a glass

bulb containing bamboofiber ,that had been reduced to carbon

with the production of the first tungsten filament lamp,

the efficiency of the lamp was more than doubled.By intro­

ducing the fluorescent lamp, i.e,the second age of light

,introduction revolutionized the field of lighting when it

was demonstrated that a fluorescent lamp produced more light

at a lower cost than the incandescent lamp.The approach to

lighting began to change by the third age of light ,that

has been called "AGE of REFINEMENT''it is difficult to

comment on a period that it still developing ,for this

reason a lighting - engineer must followed FOUR simple steps

in application

of lighting:

1- Determine the desired level of illumination (usual

ly based on a published recommendation) .

2- Select a luminary that will produce this level .

3- Calculate the required number of luminaries .

~ayout the installation for uniformity of

illumination

=ccording to the place to be illuminated as an

a~tificial illumination . It can be divided into two

~oups as indoor and outdoor illumination.

~~E ARSENAL TOWER was chosen for outdoor

illumination needs two methods of calculation .

UMEH METHODEcan explain the practical method to

determine the number of fittings . The number of fittings

can be calculated by dividing the total flux to flux of one

iitting only.

The second method which is DIRECT ILLUMINANCE CALCULA-

TION METHOD . By using this method and applying the comput­

er program including the intensity matrix, the illuminance

at each point on the surface of the walls were obtained.

C H A P T E R 0 N E

OUTDOOR ILLUMINATION

a) PLANING

A flood lighting installation project can only be carried

successfully if a true study has been made of the building

ncerned. The light engineer should become familiar with all

=actors relating to lighting installation for the building.It

~s essential she /he should first study the features of the

=acade under various conditions and with sunlight falling upon

it at different angles in order to decide which are the most

attractive features .

b) THE CONTRAST BETWEEN THE FACADE AND THE BACKGROUND:

The contrast between the facade and its

background are changes continuously with changes in

weather conditions when, for example , the rays of the

sun fall directly on the facade and there is a

cloudless sky, the facade will be brighter then the

background because of the greater reflection . Sunlight

falling directly on the building causes hard shadows .

c) CARRYING OUT A FLOOD LIGHTING PROJECT:

The following points should be cosiderd when

p:aning a flood light installation

i) Direction of view,

It ought to decide on the main direction from which

~~e building is viewed Generally there will be

e~al , but often one can be decided upon the main

direction of view.

ii) Distance,

decide on the normal distance the view and the building

based on the main direction on the view. Whether one can

see all or none of the architectural details on the facade­

will depend on the distance chosen.

iii) Surrounding and background,

It must be obtain a clear idea of the background

against which the building will be seen .If the

surrounding and the background are dark a relatively

small amount of light is needed to make the building

lighter then the background .the colors of the light

already present in the background of the building,

even street lighting , must then be taken into

consideration

iv) Obstacles,

Trees and fences around the building can form a decora­

tive part of an installation . An attractive way of

dealing with these is to place the sources of light

behind them .Two advantages are gained:

FIRSTLY the light sources are not seen by viewer ,and

SECONDLY the trees and fences are silhouetted against

the light background of the facade .The impression of depth

is therefore heightened.

SURFACE MATERIAL OF THE FACADE:

In determining the illumination level needed for a

-"'caae in order to obtain the required brightness ,the

~-=lection factor and way the building surface material

~eflected the lights are important to borne in mind . The

:=ferent material .

;:able below indicates the reflection factors of a number of

ERIAL

bite marble granite ight concrete or stone

dark concrete r stone

· ·tation concrete paint ~te brick

ov brick brick

STATE REFLECTION FACTOR

fairly clean fairly clean

fairly clean fairly clean very dirty clean clean new dirty

0.60 -0.65 0.10 -0.15

0.40 -0.50 0.25

o.os -0.10 a.so 0.80 0.35 * o.os

i"":he total reflection from a facade depends on the following

-,~~e material of the facade

~i}~he incident angle of the light

~~~)The position of the observer in relation to the

~e=:ection material (specular reflections)

lor of the material is also an important factor.

- ~= the color is used.

lor of the surface material is accentuated if

CTION OF THE LEVEL OF ILLUMINATION

The lighting level needed of facade to effect a

~ain brightness contrast depends upon such factor as the

_ _.-!:ection factor of the surface building material , the

tion of building in relation to its surroundings , the

-e=a~ brightness of this surroundings and the dimension of

building.

he following table presents some recommended

~l::l!Ilination level for various surface building material

_sed on building in either poorly lit ,well lit or brightly

lit surroundin~s.

ES OF SURFACE STATE P.L.S W.L.S B.L.S

------------------- ------- ------- ------ ite marble £.clean 25 50 100

ight concrete im- ·tation £.clean so 100 200

concrete paint £.clean 100 250 400

ite brick £.clean 20 40 80

ellow brick £.clean 50 100 * 200 ·te granite concrete £.clean 150 300 600

or dark stone £.clean 75 150 300

red brick £.clean 75 150 300

concrete v.dirty requires at least 150 - 300

red brick dirty requires at least 150 - 300

C H A P T E R T W 0

EQUIPMENT USED IN FLOODLIGHT a) Low pressure sodium lamps

~igh pressure sodium vapor lamps .

Height pressure mercury vapor lamps

etal hailed lamps .

In this project the high pressure sodium

apor lamps (SON - T 400 W) were considered

SSURE SODIUM VAPOR LAMPS (SON)

They have played an important role in the expending field of

dlighting. SON lamp is efficient, versatile light sources

start with their high luminous capacity means more light for

HIGH

__ ss money -a - feature for often decisive importance where

--1..qnting is implored for long periods of time . This plus the

:easing , warm golden white lights make, SON lamps an attrac­

e proposition for a wide range of application both in and

--~nnrs . Also SON lamps have balanced color rendering, reli­

:e and stable operation excellent lumen maintenance and short

"tion time

TYPE OF HIGH PRESSURE SON:

SON lamps : High pressure sodium vapor lamps , for outdoor

indoor use, with assintered aluminum oxide discharge tube

=c~osed in cater bulb .

-~) SON - T lamps :with centered aluminum oxide discharge

enclosed in a clear, tubular hard glass outer bulb.

APPLICATION:

Floodlightingb) Public lighting

Industrial lighting

Sports lighting

Airports lighting.

Road lighting.

Note : Technical data of this type of lamp were given

appendix.

GBTING UNITS AND DEFINITION

CANDELA

nits of luminous intensity , originally the luminous

......::~ensity of a specified candle burning at a specified

ELA : ( Cod )

nites of luminous intensity. Also called the new interna­

nal candela . Equal to the luminous intensity of a surface

f black - body radiator operated at the temperature of solidify-

platinum.

LUMINANCE :( L)

The luminous intensity in a given direction by the

area of the surface perpendicular to that direction.

:.UMEN : ( Lm )

The flux emitted in unit solid angle by a uniform

source of one candela. It is unit of luminous flux.

~n~NANCE : ( E )

nous flux on a surface element divided by the area of the

el nts, in lumen per square meter of flux.

CE INTENSITY: ( symbol: I I unit :cod)

quantity which describes the light giving power of a source

y particular direction. If Fis the luminous flux emitted

a cone of very small angle W, having its apex the source

·ts axis .

-~FLECTION FACTOR: ( n)

,e reflection factors describes the relationship between

· .cident luminous flux and the reflected luminous flux. This

~r depends upon the reflection properties of the surface of

terial to be illuminated.

INTENSITY: ( I max)

e maximum intensity of the beam is the maximum intensity

•••• aeeia 1000 iumen of the iamp tiux.

C H A P T E R T H R E E

METHOD OF CALCULATION:

There are two possible ways of calculating the types

and numbers of flood lighting needed to achieve the desired

illumination, the lumen method and the luminous intensity

method . For a large facade the lumen methode should be

used. This is upon a certain avarage luminous efficiency.

For high and small object church steeples chimneys

, etc ... , the luminous intenci ty method should be used

This is based on the luminous intencity relation in

a certain direction.

THE LUMEN METHOD:

This method consists in caculating the number of

lumens to be directed on to facade in order to obtain a

certain illumination level The number of lumens can be

calculated by means of formula below:

/t : ----~- * E --- n

Where/t is the total number of lamp lumens ,i.e. the

total luminous flux produced by all lamps .

A is the surface of the be facade to

illuminated in m

E : is the desired illumination in lux , on the

facade .

/soo c

q

--------=a I

: aaoH~~w X~IaNa~NI ~SOONIHO~

------------- - N

· sasso1

· p8p88U 8JUeu1mn111 84+ JO 6u1+e1nJ1eJ 84+ u~

+e +u1od 84+ JO S8+eu1p~OOJ 84+ +U8SJ8~d8~ x ! x 8+eu1mn111

4J14M 8ue1d 84+ +d8J~8+U1 s1xe ~O+J8~o~d 84+ 4J14M +E +U.

a4+ JO aJeJ~ns a4+ JO S8+eu1p~o0J 84+ a~e ox! ox

a~a4M

4 I ox = ox ' ox<---- ox I I

4 I ox = ox ' ox<---- ox I I

ll I X = X ' X <----- X I I

ll I x = X ' X <----- X I I

pol{+am 4Jeo~dde l+1su8+U1 6u1sn lg

poq~aw uo1~vtnotv~

~GOH~~w ~~~HIG ~H~ DNISn ~o X~M ~H~

· pa+eu1mn111

aq o a aue1d al{+ uo 1em~ou sa){1 ~+s

uraaq +ll.611 al{+ l{JTllM +12 81.6u12 al{+ sr :JI

pa+12uamn111 apl2Jl2J

al{+ JO l{J1l{A aJeJ~ns al{+ pue ~O+Ja~o~d

al{+ uaaA+aq aJUl2+S1P al{+ : p1es 8q ueJ os1e

pa.6u12~~e a~12 s.6u1++1J al{+ l{J1l{M uo 18A81

al{+ aAoq12 +Ja~qo a4+ JO +saq.61q 8ll+ s1 :q

o a16ue al{+ +12 l+1sua+u1 snou1mn1 al{+ s1 :r

· aoeJ~ns aq4 uo 4u1od qoea

+e saoueu1um111 puv ueum r 0001 .rad sa1+1sua+u1 ' sa1.6ue

aq4 pau1e4qo aq ueo +1 atue~.6o~d pa4e1a~ aq4 .6u1un~ AH (TT

x1puadde aq4 u1 uaA1.6

e1ntu~OJ pa+e1a~ O+U1 sa+u1od asaq+ .6u1+n+ 14sqns (1

aancaooaa

USING COMPUTER PROGRAMING

GER X,Y

XMIN,XMAX,YMIN,YMAX,INCX,INCY,H

XO,YOXl,Yl

CUBE,B,Dl,D2,ALFA1,ALFA,A,Al,C,Cl,GAMA1,GAMA,FACTOR

'Elf ( 3, FILE=' ILLUM. DAT' , STATUS=' NEW' )

ITE ( *, *) I ENTER XMIN AND XMAX'

(*,*)XMIN,XMAX

TE (*,*)'ENTER YMIN AND YMAX 1

(*,*)YMIN,YMAX

TE (*,*)'INCREAMENT FOR X ANDY'

(*,*)INCX,INCY

ITE (*,*)I INTER XO AND YO'

TE (*,*)'INTER H'

D

O=XO/H

O=YO/H

TE (3,100) XO,YO,H

(*,*)H

POIDIAT (21X,'XO=',F4.1,8X,'YO=',F4.1,8X,'H=',F4.1//

6X,'X',6X,'Y',9X,'C',9X,'GAMA',8X,'COS CUBE',SX,'FACTOR'/

,65('-'))

7 Y=YMAX,YMIN,-INCY

7 X=XMIN,XMAX,INCX

-x/H

.:Y/H

CIIIE=l/(((l+Xl*Xl+Yl*Yl))**(l.S))

+Xl*XlO+Yl*Yl((l+XlO*XlO)/(l+Xl*XlO))

l=(l+Xl*Xl+Yl*Yl)*(l+X10**2+(Yl**2*((l+X10**2)/(l+XlO*Xl))**2)

2=SQRT(D1)

ALFA1=AC0S(B/D2)

ALFA=((ALFA*lS0)/3.145926)

-SQRT(l+X10**2)

=ATAN((Yl*SQRT(l+X10**2))/(l+XlO*Xl))-ATAN(YlO/F)

-((Al*lS0)/3.145926)

l=ATAN ((TAN(ALFAl*SQRT(l+TAN(Al)*TAN(Al)))/TAN(Al+.00001))

C:((Cl*lS0)/3.145926)

l=ATAN(SQRT((TAN(ALFA1))**2*(l+(TAN(Al))**2)+(TAN(Al))**2))

...-..a=((GAMAl*lS0)/3.1415926)

((A.LT.O).AND.(X.GT.XO))

((A.LT.O).AND.(X.LT.XO))

((A.GT.O).AND.(X.GT.XO))

((A.GT.O).AND.(X.LT.XO))

r.-..--:ruR=CUBE*27/H**2

'!'B(3,200)X,Y,C,GAMA,CUBE,FACTOR

C=l80-C

C=180+C

C=360-C

C=C

IL"lJIINAT(14X,13,4X,13,7X,F5.l,6X,F5.1,8X,F7.5,5X,F7.4)

IRUE

•FILE(3)

E(3)

,p

R E S U L T S

DISTANCES

ANGLES

INTENSITY

ILLUMINANCE

IN

IN

IN

IN

(m)

degree

(cd/k lm)

(lux)

I

XO =0.0 I

YO =2.4 h=5

Results obtained by the computer program:

Distances in (m)

Angles in degrees

Light Intensity in (Cd

/klm)

Illuminance in (lux) .

400W (SON-T)

I I

COS38 X y C 0 I E

0.0 2.0 180.0 45.58 0.8 55.0 82.72

0.0 4.0 180.0 28.72 0.476 323.5 289.5

0.0 6.0 180.0 17.19 0.262 460.0 226.6

0.0 8.0 180.0 9.4 0.149 590.0 165.3

o.o 10.0 180.0 3.95 0.089 592.7 99.2

0.0 12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0568 612.0 65.4

0.0 14.0 0.0 2.97 0.038 599.0 42.8

0.0 16.0 0.0 5.27 0.0265 584.0 29.1

0.4 0.4 152.5 49.0 0.66 78.0 96.8

0.4 0.8 147.0 33.17 0.414 316.3 246.2

0.4 1. 2 139.0 22.26 0.239 44.0 200.4

0.4 1. 6 127.5 15.2 0.14 527.0 138.7

0.4 2.0 111.0 10.9 0.085 569.2 90.95

0.4 2.4 90.0 8.75 0.055 583.0 60.3

0.4 2.8 68.9 8.21 0.037 568.2 39.5

0.4 3. 2 52.4 8.6 0.026 560.1 14.6

0.8 0.4 133.9 55.8 0.414 55.0 42.8

0.8 0.8 127.56 42.0 0.30 165.5 93.34

X' Y' C 3 I E a cos e

0.8 1. 2 120.0 31. 76 0.185 303.6 105.6

0.8 1. 6 111.0 24.78 0.116 409.7 89.34

0.8 2.0 100.9 20.0 0.075 505.2 71. 23

0.8 2.4 90.0 17.1 0.05 588.1 55.3

0.8 2.8 97.1 15.34 0.034 585.6 37.43

0.8 3. 2 68.95 14.4 0.024 566.7 25.6

1. 2 0.4 122.65 62.13 0.239 5.4 24.3

1. 2 0.8 117.15 50.2 0.185 96.3 33.5

1. 2 1. 2 111.0 40.72 0.131 137.4 42.7

1. 2 1. 6 104.4 33.65 0.089 240.9 40.3

1. 2 2.0 97.3 28.74 0.061 322.4 37.0

1. 2 2.4 90.0 24.78 0.043 403.8 32.6

1. 2 2.8 82.7 2.2 0.03 456.2 25.73

1. 2 3.2 75.6 20.4 0.022 505.1 20.9

1. 6 0.4 115.64 67.0 0.139 5.1 1. 33

1. 6 0.8 111.0 56.77 0.116 9.3 2.03

1. 6 1. 2 106.1 48.14 0.089 104.6 17.5

1. 6 1. 6 100.9 41. 2 0.066 161. 4 20.0

1. 6 2.0 95.5 35.78 0.048 200.3 18.1

1. 6 2.4 o.o 31. 6 0.035 227.8 15.0

1. 6 2.8 84.5 28.4 0.026 324.6 15.9

1. 6 3.2 79.0 26.0 0.02 324.8 12.2

> 2. 0 0.4 111. 0 70.6 0.085 5.8 1. 0

2.0 0.8 107.1 61. 8 0.075 6.5 1. 0

2.0 1. 2 103.0 54.0 0.061 44.6 5.1

2.0 1. 6 98.7 47.4 0.048 112.1 10.12

2.0 2.0 94.4 42.0 0.037 149.0 10.36

2.0 2.4 90.0 37.57 0.028 178.2 9.38

2.0 2.8 85.6 34.0 0.022 216.4 8.98

2.0 3.2 81.25 31. 2 0.017 271. 4 8.7

2.4 0.4 107.8 73.35 0.055 5.2 0.54

2.4 0.8 104.33 65.7 0.05 6.7 0.36

2. 4 1. 2 100.9 58.65 0.043 17.0 1. 4

X' Y' C 0 cos3e I E

2.4 1. 6 97.3 52.4 0.035 67.2 4.4 2.4 2.0 93.67 47.16 0.028 109.1 5.7 2.4 2.4 90.0 42.71 0.023 145.2 6.3 2.4 2.8 86.34 39.1 0.018 168.1 5.7 2.4 3. 2 82.7 36.0 0.014 197.3 2.8 2.8 0.4 109.9 74.13 0.037 4.7 0.33 2.8 0.8 102.41 68.6 0.034 6.6 0.42 2.8 1. 2 99.4 62.22 0.03 4.8 0.27 2.8 1. 6 96.3 56.5 0.026 30.0 1. 47 2.8 2.0 93.15 51. 5 0.022 68.4 2.8 2.8 2.4 90.0 47.12 0.018 113.0 3.8 2.8 2.8 86.85 43.4 0.015 142.3 4.0 2.8 3.2 83.75 40.3 0.012 168.0 3.8 3.2 0.4 103.5 77.1 0.026 3.8 0.19 3.2 0.8 100.9 71. 0 0.024 6.0 0.27 3.2 1. 2 98.2 65.24 0.022 3.1 1. 28 3.2 1. 6 95.5 60.0 0.02 8.0 0.3 3.2 2.0 92.76 55.0 0.017 39.2 1. 3 3.2 2.4 90.0 51. 0 0.014 87.3 2.3

3.2 2.8 87.24 47.2 0.012 109.0 2.45

3.2 3.2 84.2 44.0 0.01 134.2 2.52

XO =O YO =1. 9

SON-T 400W

h=5

,,,,

X' Y' C 0 COS3€J I E

-1. 6 0.4 113.6 64.85 0.139 6.2 1. 62

-1. 6 0.8 107.75 55.0 0.116 17.9 3.9

-1. 6 1. 2 101.5 47.0 0.089 109.0 18.24

-1. 6 1. 6 95.0 40.5 0.066 167.0 20.7

-1. 6 2.0 88.32 35.6 0.048 198.0 17.87

-1. 6 2.4 81. 72 32.0 0.035 246.5 16.22

-1. 6 2.8 75.33 29.3 0.026 303.7 14.85

-1. 2 0.4 12 0. 12 59.5 0.24 7.0 3.2

-1. 2 0.8 113.12 48.0 0.19 114.5 41. 2

-1. 2 1. 2 105.2 39.14 0.13 173.0 42.3

-1. 2 1. 6 96.65 32.71 0.09 243.3 41. 2

-1. 2 2.0 87.77 28.24 0.06 342.5 38.6

-1. 2 2.4 79.0 25.27 0.043 399.0 32.3

-1. 2 2.8 70.77 23.4 0.03 456.0 25.7

-0.8 0.4 131. 1 52.34 0.414 82.0 63.8

-0.8 0.8 122.6 39.0 0.3 204.0 115.0

-0.8 1. 2 112.2 29.5 0.185 320.0 111. 3

-0.8 1. 6 100.0 23.4 0.116 436.0 95.0

-0.8 2.0 86.7 19.7 0.075 508.2 71. 7

-0.8 2.4 73.8 17.8 0.05 555.0 52.17

-0.8 2.8 62.4 17.1 0.034 540.6 34.6

-0.4 0.4 150.2 44.5 0.66 125.0 155.0

-0.4 0.8 142.0 29.0 0. 414 363.0 282.5

-0.4 1. 2 129.1 18.7 0.24 503.0 227.0

-0.4 1. 6 109.2 12.7 0.14 573.0 151. 0

-0.4 2.0 83.3 10.2 0.085 578.0 92.4

-0.4 2.4 59.8 10.14 0.055 556.0 57.5

-0.4 2.8 43.67 11.13 0.04 527.0 39.6

o.o 0.4 o.o 40.44 0.8 121. 0 182.0

0.0 0.8 0.0 23.58 0.476 395.0 353.5

o.o 1. 2 o.o 12.05 0.262 512.0 252.2

o.o 1. 6 o.o 4.25 0.149 588.0 164.7

X' Y' C 0 cos3e I E

0.0 2.0 0.0 1. 2 0.089 608.0 101. 7

0.0 2.4 0.0 5.14 0.057 583.0 62.5

o.o 2.8 0.0 8.1 0.038 550.0 39.3

0.4 0.4 150.2 44.5 0.66 125.0 155.0

0.4 0.8 142.0 29.0 0. 414 363.0 282.5

0.4 1. 2 129.1 18.7 0.24 503.0 227.0

0.4 1. 6 109.2 12.7 0.14 573.0 151. 0

0.4 2.0 83.3 10.2 0.085 578.0 92.4

0.4 2.4 59.8 10.14 0.055 556.0 57.5

0.4 2.8 43.67 11.13 0.04 527.0 39.6

0.8 0.4 131. 1 52.34 0.413 82.0 63.8

0.8 0.8 122.6 39.0 0.3 204.0 115.0

0.8 1. 2 112.2 29.5 0.185 320.0 111. 3

0.8 1. 6 100.0 23.4 0.116 436.0 95.0

0.8 2.0 86.7 19.7 0.075 508.2 71. 7

0.8 2.4 73.8 17.8 0.05 555.0 52.17

0.8 2.8 62.4 17.1 0.034 540.6 34.6

1. 2 0.4 120.12 59.5 0.24 7.0 3.2

1. 2 0.8 113.12 48.0 0.19 114.5 41. 2 '

1. 2 1. 2 105.2 39.14 0.13 173.0 42.3

1. 2 1. 6 96.65 32.71 0.09 243.3 41. 2

1. 2 2.0 87.77 28.24 0.06 342.5 38.6

1. 2 2.4 79.0 25.27 0.043 399.0 32.3

1. 2 2.8 70.77 23.4 0.03 456.0 25.7

1. 6 0.4 113.6 64.85 0.139 6.2 1. 62

1. 6 0.8 107.75 55.0 0.116 17.9 3.9

1. 6 1. 2 101.5 47.0 0.089 109.0 18.24

1. 6 1. 6 95.0 40.5 0.066 167.0 20.7

1. 6 2.0 88.32 35.6 0.048 198.0 17.87

1. 6 2.4 81.72 32.0 0.035 246.5 16.22

1. 6 2.8 75.33 29.3 0.026 33.7 14.85

, ' XO =O YO =1.56 h=5

(SON-T 400W)

i! :t

X' Y' C 0 cos3e I E

-0.4 0.4 147.4 40.3 0.66 197.1 244.6

-0.4 0.8 135.7 25.3 0. 414 412.0 320.7

-0.4 1. 2 115.8 16.0 0.239 560.2 251.7

-0.4 1. 6 86.9 12.0 0.14 584.4 153.8

-0.4 2.0 59.3 11. 8 0.085 553.2 88.4

-0.4 2. 4 41. 4 13.3 0.055 520.4 27.6

-0.8 0.4 128.0 49.0 0.414 102.3 79.6

-0.8 0.8 117.1 36.5 0.29 231. 7 126.3

-0.8 1. 2 103.6 28.0 0.184 345.3 120.1

-0.8 1. 6 88.5 23.0 0.116 448.7 97.9

-0.8 2.0 73.5 20.6 0.075 501. 2 70.7

-0.8 2.4 60.6 19.7 0.05 505.4 47.5

-1. 2 o. 4 117.5 57.0 0.24 20.3 9.2

-1. 2 0.8 109.0 46.3 0.185 123.1 42.8

-1. 2 1. 2 99.2 38.1 0.131 178.4 43.9

-1. 2 1. 6 89.0 32.5 0.089 235.1 39.3

-1. 2 2.0 78.8 28.8 0.061 377.2 38.7

-1. 2 2.4 69.4 26.6 0.043 385.1 31.1

-1. 6 0.4 111.0 63.0 0.139 6.8 1. 8

-1. 6 0.8 -104.4 53.7 0.116 41. 3 9.0

-1. 6 1. 2 97.0 46.1 0.089 118.2 19.8

-1. 6 1. 6 89.2 40.3 0.066 169.2 21. 0

-1. 6 2.0 81. 6 36.0 0.048 198.8 17.9

-1. 6 2.4 74.0 33.0 0.035 284.1 18.7

-2.0 0.4 107.4 67.3 0.085 6.4 1. 0

-2.0 0.8 101.6 59.3 0.075 12.1 1. 7

-2.0 1. 2 95.5 52.3 0.061 67.5 7.7

-2.0 1. 6 89.4 46.7 0.048 120.2 10.9

-2.0 2.0 83.0 42.2 0.037 148.3 10.3

X' Y' C 0 cos38 I E

-2.0 2.4 73.3 38.7 0.028 183.1 9.6

-2.4 0.4 104.6 70.5 0.055 5.9 0.6

-2.4 0.8 99.7 63.6 0.050 3.1 0.3

-2.4 1. 2 94.6 57.3 0.043 20.5 1. 7

-2.4 1. 6 89.5 52.0 0.035 71. 2 4.7

-2.4 2.0 84.3 47.3 0.028 109.2 5.7

-2.4 2.4 79.4 43.6 0.023 139.8 6.1

-2.8 0.4 102.6 73.0 0.037 5.8 0.4

-2.8 0.8 98.3 66.8 0.034 4.2 0.3

-2.8 1. 2 94.0 61. 0 0.03 7.4 0.4

-2.8 1. 6 89.6 56.0 ' 0.026 34.2 1. 7

-2.8 2.0 85.2 51. 7 0.022 78.1 3.2

-2. 8' 2.4 80.8 48.0 0.018 104.3 3.5

-3.2 0.4 101.1 75.0 0.026 4.9 0.2

-3.2 0.8 97.3 69.4 0.024 5.8 0.3

-3.2 1. 2 93.5 64.2 0.022 5.1 0.2

-3.2 1. 6 89.6 59.5 0.02 6.3 0.2

-3.2 2.0 85.8 55.3 0.017 39.8 1. 3

-3.2 2.4 82.0 51. 7 0.014 70.4 1. 9

-3.6 0.4 ' 100.0 76.5 0.019 4.6 0.16

-3.6 0.8 96.5 71. 5 0.018 5.7 0.19

-3.6 1. 2 J

93.1 66.7 0.017 5.8 0.19

-3.6 1. 6 89.7 62.3 0.015 5.0 0.14

-3.6 2.0 86.3 58.4 0.013 12.1 0.3

-3.6 2.4 82.9 54.8 0.011 39.2 0.8

[lJ >< a ~ ~

,

II 11 ,, ii

>;_ \\ ::z. "o ~ ~ - (o l :::) VJ ...., p C:, f:! i)· " ,c._, s: rt-. ~ 0 -. (o p h-- r-- '1

Ir '--2 ( 0:, 01 I',.. l i ' {\

)

'

~

~

?,-

~ n ,- ~ 0- .t-- 6'"

~-------.-

r: (\l

CQST OF T/-f f t::>ROJECT

\;v ny DI ~11< \ Cs l,\TiCtV ~)

"d1 Y D 1_s:/f 1@- I} 111.:. vv '.:3)

"(< .Sv·J/TCH

( \..( GC> 1..,\J)

L()(v\? )

1)1/Y) 7 L. PVC

r o~ LABoR

I / TOTAL

1

.i 1.__

i

1

JD

1

i

WO% oF··

Csi:>ST

6cx.~oc-1c,

- - -------- ---··~ ·-· ··-·~ -·- ~··------~ .•.... - ....•. ~---~···--~,~~ ..• - .. - .. ~---------------

I 111

CONCLUSTION

The most important aim of this project is to

improve my knowledge about the outdoor illumination is

relevant for my educational studies and the latest

improvment in flood lighting calculations was used

during the establishment.

I paid attention to some factors , during the

calculation of the flood lighting ,such as the

selectionof the light source must sutisfy the illuminace

needed , the color of light required , the area of the

building, etc .... ,should be considered.

The light sources should be arranged so that

illuminance must be sutisfied. The coefficient of

regularity and reflection from walls illuminated of

area will not effect the traffic or people who are

working on the street

As aresult, this project is showing me how to

organise things such that they lead to acceptable

solutions .

APPENDIX

:D FORMULAS IN PROJECT

:i+\ ,.,.')''

r.

f ... \}

,~_{" .. ;•-

!J,,:1 I.,: . \ i~!jiJ/ 0lij 1: ~ \:.: S'.J ~ t;; W ~; l1 ~ ~ ~ ,ii J:, ;., w ;; \~ r.: ;: ~ ;;s i;'. ~ ~ R 1" IA JJ- ~ M a, a.: U ;; ~I L. :: A ).'I "r.J Q' la U JIil ~ » li:c ,:f ;;; ;g R' ;,~\,: tf ; a.I l:.f Ji: ;: ::: ,; j,S :! ::; :; i

)$ LIGHTING e .v , i n g D !3 ~: i g n el n d En 9 '1 nee r· ·i n g Cent I'' e c e r .A ·i de cl . L i g h t i 11 g O o s i •:;J 11_ • _· ..

73

,, i ng c o cle ,1 ·j I'' 8 · t y p G type

L VO li 1 h 7 Htff 00?··\•I 50N1. ,,DO\'/

- J ' 1 LI :< f' 1 c1 mp s p 0 I' l (1 rn i n a i r: e d i s si p al. i o n

1\7 ,00 1 Ii] i , CJ 0

k t. ume n

\•latt

l i 8 I, i; 0 LI t p U t I'' [l t i 0 H' cl 1 i •J h t . () LI t p LI t r· cJ t i 0

G 7 67

.. '• ! I"'

,1 Ct O !'' ( fl C> i:1 d 'I 1 9 ht j ll 8 ) , o.oo

uni . 3 p .:., c i n •J / IH, i 9 ht r i.'1 t i o .l. e nqt h v1 i ",.:: Cr· o s '3 vii 5 e * ' :k

L<.Hi<;.ith 0 .

vi ·i ~I!: h o

H,l 0

· 11 lJ 0 0

luxcode [%) N 1 82

N2 99

N3 1 0 D

~! ,. -· 10D

!Jf·

.,

I•

I ., ·1

i,., ! .· .. ) =,:.,.,,·:" I

• &: n i.. ~·.: R 5:.1 i1 ~ ti 11 ~ GI ,c ,1" u ~ c:; u;: i1 IQ,IJ" :a••• 11 • • ,c"' •.., u •a•.,•..-,:. ic a.*'"'~ t: w .ti ;;i: .i: = JI ::1 ci;;::;;:: =:::.;::::: -r-r-v-: ;.: -·'---------·---· - --· -----------=- - ·- - -- - --, -------.-·-- - * --~ ·• ·--- -- ~ ••..•••..

l,) a ·c e·····-··-·::---, -~ ~ u-ru·uri:n- • • • ~~ - - ~ = Q • ~ • • u • u • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • w M • • • e • M •~a~•~=•;~~ ~

. ····•.··· ··················-····-···2-- -··-···

)HILIPS LIG~TING B.V. L 1 SJ h 1: i n 'J Do ~ i ~In i1 n d E n 9 i n e «r- ·I n 9 Co n t 1:· ,~

:ompu~er Airled Lighting Design.

I c omout e r A1decl Light1119 o e s i q n I DA lABASE :? , 00 , 6pf'i 119 1000 . I ·Phil 11~s Li \111 t 1 n g 8 , v , . .: ... ,~·, . "· "

. umrn.;ifr'r:! (HIR) nurnb e r:

te e s ur i 118 code unii na i re t vp a 1:1mr typo

LVO 11 1 Li 7 HNF 003-1'1 ·

r SONT 1100\·I

I-Table *

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