EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE

When the Earth MovesWhen the Earth MovesWhen the Earth MovesWhen the Earth Moves

L’ Aquila, ItalyL’ Aquila, ItalyL’ Aquila, ItalyL’ Aquila, ItalyTown center before the April 6, 2009 earthquake.Town center before the April 6, 2009 earthquake.Town center before the April 6, 2009 earthquake.Town center before the April 6, 2009 earthquake.

L’ Aquila, ItalyL’ Aquila, ItalyL’ Aquila, ItalyL’ Aquila, ItalyAfter 6.3 earthquake - 4,000 buildings collapsedAfter 6.3 earthquake - 4,000 buildings collapsedAfter 6.3 earthquake - 4,000 buildings collapsedAfter 6.3 earthquake - 4,000 buildings collapsed

Italy is criss-crossed by two major Italy is criss-crossed by two major faults.faults.

Italy is criss-crossed by two major Italy is criss-crossed by two major faults.faults.

The African and European plates collide, creating The African and European plates collide, creating

a large fault right down the spine of Italy.a large fault right down the spine of Italy.The African and European plates collide, creating The African and European plates collide, creating

a large fault right down the spine of Italy.a large fault right down the spine of Italy.

Earthquake plots in Earthquake plots in Italy from 1990-2009Italy from 1990-2009Earthquake plots in Earthquake plots in

Italy from 1990-2009Italy from 1990-2009

In the streets of L’ In the streets of L’ AquilaAquila

In the streets of L’ In the streets of L’ AquilaAquila

Rubble of buildings all aroundRubble of buildings all aroundRubble of buildings all aroundRubble of buildings all around

Searching for survivorsSearching for survivorsSearching for survivorsSearching for survivorsPicking through the rubble looking for those trappedPicking through the rubble looking for those trappedPicking through the rubble looking for those trappedPicking through the rubble looking for those trapped

Carrying the deadCarrying the deadCarrying the deadCarrying the dead292 people are believed to have died292 people are believed to have died292 people are believed to have died292 people are believed to have died

Finding a survivorFinding a survivorFinding a survivorFinding a survivor

Earthquake Earthquake DiagramDiagram

Earthquake Earthquake DiagramDiagramAn earthquake occurs when the Earth’s crust moves along An earthquake occurs when the Earth’s crust moves along

a fault. The movement creates seismic waves.a fault. The movement creates seismic waves.An earthquake occurs when the Earth’s crust moves along An earthquake occurs when the Earth’s crust moves along

a fault. The movement creates seismic waves.a fault. The movement creates seismic waves.

P-WaveP-WaveP-WaveP-WaveCompressional waves, arrive first, shake ground back and Compressional waves, arrive first, shake ground back and

forth in same direction of wave, do little damage.forth in same direction of wave, do little damage.Compressional waves, arrive first, shake ground back and Compressional waves, arrive first, shake ground back and

forth in same direction of wave, do little damage.forth in same direction of wave, do little damage.

S-WaveS-WaveS-WaveS-WaveSecondary or shear wave, arrive second, shake ground back Secondary or shear wave, arrive second, shake ground back

and forth perpendicular to direction of wave, cannot travel and forth perpendicular to direction of wave, cannot travel

through liquid, more destructive than P-Wave.through liquid, more destructive than P-Wave.

Secondary or shear wave, arrive second, shake ground back Secondary or shear wave, arrive second, shake ground back

and forth perpendicular to direction of wave, cannot travel and forth perpendicular to direction of wave, cannot travel

through liquid, more destructive than P-Wave.through liquid, more destructive than P-Wave.

L-WaveL-WaveL-WaveL-WaveLove or surface waves, found on or near the surface, move the ground up and Love or surface waves, found on or near the surface, move the ground up and

down like something bobbing in the ocean, cause the most damage. down like something bobbing in the ocean, cause the most damage. Love or surface waves, found on or near the surface, move the ground up and Love or surface waves, found on or near the surface, move the ground up and

down like something bobbing in the ocean, cause the most damage. down like something bobbing in the ocean, cause the most damage.

Earth’s interior affects path of Earth’s interior affects path of waves.waves.

Earth’s interior affects path of Earth’s interior affects path of waves.waves.

P-Waves are slowed and S-Waves cannot penetrate Earth’s core.P-Waves are slowed and S-Waves cannot penetrate Earth’s core.P-Waves are slowed and S-Waves cannot penetrate Earth’s core.P-Waves are slowed and S-Waves cannot penetrate Earth’s core.

San Francisco - 1906San Francisco - 1906San Francisco - 1906San Francisco - 19067.7 quake killed over 3,000 people; fires consumed the city.7.7 quake killed over 3,000 people; fires consumed the city.7.7 quake killed over 3,000 people; fires consumed the city.7.7 quake killed over 3,000 people; fires consumed the city.

Alaska - 1964Alaska - 1964Alaska - 1964Alaska - 19648.5 quake - powerful enough to bend train tracks.8.5 quake - powerful enough to bend train tracks.8.5 quake - powerful enough to bend train tracks.8.5 quake - powerful enough to bend train tracks.

Anchorage, Alaska - Anchorage, Alaska - 19641964

Anchorage, Alaska - Anchorage, Alaska - 19641964

Damage following Good Friday EarthquakeDamage following Good Friday EarthquakeDamage following Good Friday EarthquakeDamage following Good Friday Earthquake

Chile - 1960Chile - 1960Chile - 1960Chile - 19609.5 earthquake - largest in known history; killed over 9.5 earthquake - largest in known history; killed over

3,000; created tsunamis in California and Hawaii.3,000; created tsunamis in California and Hawaii.9.5 earthquake - largest in known history; killed over 9.5 earthquake - largest in known history; killed over

3,000; created tsunamis in California and Hawaii.3,000; created tsunamis in California and Hawaii.

Indonesia - 2004Indonesia - 2004Indonesia - 2004Indonesia - 20049.2 quake created huge tsunamis devastating areas 9.2 quake created huge tsunamis devastating areas

around Indian Ocean, killing over 250,000. Movement around Indian Ocean, killing over 250,000. Movement

along fault estimated to be about 10-20 meters.along fault estimated to be about 10-20 meters.

9.2 quake created huge tsunamis devastating areas 9.2 quake created huge tsunamis devastating areas

around Indian Ocean, killing over 250,000. Movement around Indian Ocean, killing over 250,000. Movement

along fault estimated to be about 10-20 meters.along fault estimated to be about 10-20 meters.