Earthquake Expansive Soils - rdflanagan.com · City of Bartlesville Multi-Hazard Mitigation...

City of Bartlesville

Multi-Hazard

Mitigation Planning

City of BartlesvilleCity of Bartlesville

MultiMulti--Hazard Hazard Mitigation Plan Mitigation Plan

UpdateUpdate

EarthquakeEarthquake&&

Expansive SoilsExpansive SoilsFebruary 5, 2009February 5, 2009


Multi-Hazard

Mitigation Planning

Flanagan & Associates, LLCFlanagan & Associates, LLC

Planning ConsultantsPlanning ConsultantsTulsa, OKTulsa, OK

www.rdflanagan.comwww.rdflanagan.comrdflanagan@[email protected]

Plan can be reviewed at:Plan can be reviewed at:www.rdflanagan.com/bartlesville.htmlwww.rdflanagan.com/bartlesville.html


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Mitigation Planning

Step 1:Step 1: Organize to Prepare the PlanOrganize to Prepare the Plan

Step 2:Step 2: Involve the PublicInvolve the Public

Step 3:Step 3: Coordinate with Other Agencies and OrganizationsCoordinate with Other Agencies and Organizations

Step 4:Step 4: Assess the HazardAssess the Hazard

Step 5:Step 5: Assess the Problem (i.e., Specific Assess the Problem (i.e., Specific Vulnerabilities)Vulnerabilities)

Step 6:Step 6: Set Goals (i.e., Priorities Based Upon Set Goals (i.e., Priorities Based Upon Assessments)Assessments)

Step 7:Step 7: Review Possible Activities (i.e., Review Possible Activities (i.e., Mitigation Measures)Mitigation Measures)

Step 8:Step 8: Draft the Action PlanDraft the Action Plan

Step 9:Step 9: Adopt the PlanAdopt the Plan

Step 10:Step 10: Monitor, Evaluate, and Update Monitor, Evaluate, and Update –– Chapter 7Chapter 7

Overview of Planning ProcessOverview of Planning Process


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EartEarthquakeshquakes


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Relative Risk of Earthquakes Relative Risk of Earthquakes across the United Statesacross the United States

EarthquakesEarthquakes


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Mitigation Planning

Overview of the Richter Scale

Noticeable shaking of indoor items, rattling noises. Significant damage unlikely

Light

4.0-4.9

Often felt, rarely causes damage. Minor

3.0-3.9

Generally not felt, but recordedVery Minor

2.0-2.9

Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small regions. At most slight damage to well-designed buildings

Moderate

5.0-5.9

Microearthquakes, not feltMicro – <2.0

EffectsScale



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Mitigation Planning

Overview of the Richter Scale –Cont.

Can cause serious damage over larger areas

Major

7.0-7.9

Devastating in areas several thousand miles across

Massive

9.0-9.9

Can cause serious damage in areas several hundred miles across

Great

8.0-8.9

Never recorded Epic

>10.0

Can be destructive in areas up to about 100 miles across in populated areas

Strong

6.0-6.9

EffectsScale



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Mitigation Planning


The Oklahoma Geological

Survey reports a total of 0

earthquakes for

Washington County from

1977 through 2005


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Mitigation Planning

FEMA – HAZUS-US Earthquake

Scenario Results

The largest magnitude earthquake to hit Oklahoma was a 5.7 Richter event centered near El Reno – April 9, 1952.

In a GIS environment the 5.7 Richter scale event was simulated on that historical point using FEMA-HAZUS-US software.

0 structures in Bartlesville would be impacted in any way by the results of this scenario. 0 critical infrastructure would be impacted in any negative fashion.



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Mitigation Planning

FEMA – HAZUS-US Earthquake

Scenario Results

No fire stations or police stations would be operating at less than 50% capacity due to structural damages. No EOC would be adversely impacted by such an event.

2 a.m. is considered the peak residential load time. 0 injuries estimated will not require hospitalization, 0 injuries would require hospitalization and 0 deaths are estimated from this event. 0 people would seek temporary shelter from this event.

Total economic loss is predicted to be $0 for such an event.



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Mitigation Planning

Mitigation Measures 2004 PlanMitigation Measures 2004 Plan

There were no chosen Earthquake There were no chosen Earthquake Mitigation Measures in 2004,Mitigation Measures in 2004,

other than noting that building other than noting that building reinforcements for tornadoes reinforcements for tornadoes

and high winds (and high winds (““Fortified Fortified HomeHome””),),

also protect against potential also protect against potential earthquake damage earthquake damage


““Fortified HomeFortified Home”” is a program of theis a program of theInstitute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) www.disastersafety.orgwww.disastersafety.org. .


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Mitigation Planning

Goals & ObjectivesGoals & ObjectivesGOAL: GOAL: To reduce injuries, loss of life, and To reduce injuries, loss of life, and

damage to property, equipment and damage to property, equipment and infrastructure caused by Earthquakes.infrastructure caused by Earthquakes.

1.1. Public Information & Education. Public Information & Education. Improve Improve public awareness of Earthquake hazards and public awareness of Earthquake hazards and measures by which people can protect measures by which people can protect themselves, their property and their themselves, their property and their community.community.

2.2. Preventive Measures. Preventive Measures. Identify and protect Identify and protect populations, structures, and critical populations, structures, and critical infrastructure particularly vulnerable to infrastructure particularly vulnerable to Earthquakes, with consideration for Earthquakes, with consideration for uncalculated benefits such as averting uncalculated benefits such as averting environmental and business losses.environmental and business losses.



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Mitigation Planning

Goals & Objectives (cont.)Goals & Objectives (cont.)

GOAL: GOAL: To reduce injuries, loss of life, and To reduce injuries, loss of life, and damage to property, equipment and damage to property, equipment and infrastructure caused by Earthquakes.infrastructure caused by Earthquakes.

3.3. Structural Projects. Structural Projects. Provide for necessary Provide for necessary construction, renovation, retrofitting or construction, renovation, retrofitting or refurbishment to protect vulnerable refurbishment to protect vulnerable structures from the effects of earthquakes.structures from the effects of earthquakes.

4.4. Property Protection. Property Protection. Implement building Implement building materials and techniques in retrofitting or materials and techniques in retrofitting or in new construction to minimize the risk to in new construction to minimize the risk to public properties and their occupants public properties and their occupants caused by Earthquakes.caused by Earthquakes.



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Mitigation Planning


GOAL: GOAL: To reduce injuries, loss of life, and To reduce injuries, loss of life, and damage to property, equipment and damage to property, equipment and infrastructure caused by Earthquakes.infrastructure caused by Earthquakes.

5.5. Emergency Services. Emergency Services. Establish or expand Establish or expand emergency services protocols that emergency services protocols that adequately address Earthquake response.adequately address Earthquake response.

6.6. Natural Resource Protection. Natural Resource Protection. Take Take advantage of opportunities for programs advantage of opportunities for programs and policies that reduce negative and policies that reduce negative environmental impacts. Examples include environmental impacts. Examples include sustainable programs for debris sustainable programs for debris management and recycling, and fortified management and recycling, and fortified construction with environmentally friendly construction with environmentally friendly materials.materials.



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Mitigation Planning

Potential mitigation measures

What are some additional measures we may adopt in

2009?



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Mitigation Planning

Public Information & EducationPublic Information & Education

Provide information to the public on Provide information to the public on earthquake damage riders to their earthquake damage riders to their homeownerhomeowner’’s insurance.s insurance.

Educate the public and builders to the fact Educate the public and builders to the fact that construction techniques for mitigating that construction techniques for mitigating tornado damage also mitigate damage from tornado damage also mitigate damage from minor earthquakes.minor earthquakes.


Potential additionalPotential additionalEarthquake MitigationEarthquake Mitigation



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Mitigation Planning

Emergency ServicesEmergency Services

Develop a Debris Management plan which Develop a Debris Management plan which will assist in multiple types of hazards, will assist in multiple types of hazards, including earthquake damage.including earthquake damage.

Building reinforcements against wind and Building reinforcements against wind and tornado damage will also protect against the tornado damage will also protect against the minor earthquakes projected for the area.minor earthquakes projected for the area.

Property ProtectionProperty Protection

Potential additionalPotential additionalEarthquake Mitigation Earthquake Mitigation (cont.)(cont.)



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Mitigation Planning

Fortified HomeInstitute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS)

StructuralLoad Paths



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Mitigation Planning


Connection To Foundation, Connection To Foundation, Slab On GradeSlab On Grade

Anchor BoltsAnchor Bolts



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Mitigation Planning


Wall To Foundation



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Connectors for roof Connectors for roof systemsystem



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Mitigation Planning

Expansive Soils


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Mitigation Planning

Expansive Soils Introduction

Soils and soft rock that swell or shrink due to changes in moisture content are known as Expansive Soils. Expansive soil is often referred to as “swelling clay.” Clay attracts and absorbs water. Dry clay will increase in volume as water is absorbed and decrease as it dries.

Many factors control how much soil can swell, including type and concentration of minerals, density, amount of moisture change and restraining pressure of surrounding soil.

The swell potential of soils beneath any particular property depends on local geology.

The following maps were generated in a GIS environment using USDA Soil data viewer & its SSURGO (Soil Survey Geographic) Database.

Expansive SoilsExpansive Soils


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Expansive Soils in Action

Soil sample with

“moderate”shrink/swell

potential

Soil sample after the

addition of a small amount

of water

Soil sample 48 hours later



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Mitigation Planning

OklahomaOklahoma’’s months of heavy rain followed s months of heavy rain followed by extended dry spells leads to an increased by extended dry spells leads to an increased

hazard from expansive soil damage hazard from expansive soil damage



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Mitigation Planning



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Mitigation Planning

Bartlesville Expansive SoilsSource: National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS)

.34

9.65

6.27

1.12

3.58

Area (mi²)

5%High

30%Moderate

2%Water

46%Low

17%Very High

Area (%)Expansion Potential



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Mitigation Planning

Bartlesville Bartlesville

Expansive Expansive SoilsSoils



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Mitigation Planning

7 Critical Facilities with7 Critical Facilities withVery HighVery High Expansive SoilsExpansive Soils

Wilson ElementarySterling House SouthShawnee Lift StationNebraska Lift StationHughes-Fisher Lift StationHoover Elementary Bartlesville Care Center

Facility NameFacility Name



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Mitigation Planning

14 Critical Facilities with14 Critical Facilities withHighHigh Expansive SoilsExpansive Soils

Kane Elementary

Fire Station #2

Dewey Lift StationCommercial Federal Bank

8th St. Lift Station

City CenterCitadel Salvation ArmyArvest Bank




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Mitigation Planning

14 Critical Facilities with14 Critical Facilities withHighHigh Expansive SoilsExpansive Soils

Oak Park Elementary

Wash. Co. Courthouse / Jail (New)

Police Station / Jail

Wash. Co. Courthouse / JailWash. Co. SheriffSchool Bus Barn




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Mitigation Planning

Bartlesville Expansive Soilsin Annexed Areas Since 2004

-

-

-

-

-

Area (mi²)

10%High

31%Moderate

1%Water

50%Low

8%Very High

Area (%)Expansion Potential



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Mitigation Planning

Mitigation Measures 2004 PlanMitigation Measures 2004 PlanWhere do we stand on them?Where do we stand on them?


62 – “Establish an administrative procedure to inform builders when they apply for permits to check for expansive soils.”

58 – “Develop and implement a public information strategy for informing citizens and the building industry of the dangers and costs to buildings of expansive soils.”

No progress. May be covered by current code requirements.

No progress. Will prepare flyer and post on website, and also incorporate into 6-month builder’s meetings.


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Mitigation Planning



75 – “Require deeper foundation piers for expansive soil areas.”

70 – “Identify and repair critical facilities that show evidence of, or have expansive soils related damages.”

Code allows for this now. Builder determines if there is an expansive soil problem.

No facilities have been identified to date.


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77 – “Investigate codes / incentives for the construction of new foundations to mitigate expansive soil damage.”

76 – “Require foundation piers as part of the building code.”

No progress.

Already part of code.


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Mitigation Planning

Goals & ObjectivesGoals & ObjectivesGOAL: GOAL: To reduce the damage and To reduce the damage and

economic losses caused by expansive economic losses caused by expansive soils on property and infrastructure.soils on property and infrastructure.

1.1. Public Information & Education.Public Information & Education. Improve Improve public awareness of expansivepublic awareness of expansive--soil hazards, soil hazards, with both general & sitewith both general & site--specific information, specific information, & provide knowledge about available & provide knowledge about available measures by which people can protect their measures by which people can protect their property & their community.property & their community.

2.2. Preventive Measures. Preventive Measures. Avoid expansiveAvoid expansive--soils soils locations when possible. Explore options for locations when possible. Explore options for lossloss--mitigation from expansive soils, mitigation from expansive soils, including building codes & codeincluding building codes & code--plus plus options. Examine soils before building options. Examine soils before building critical facilities & infrastructure.critical facilities & infrastructure.



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Mitigation Planning


GOAL: GOAL: To reduce the damage and To reduce the damage and economic losses caused by economic losses caused by expansive soils on property and expansive soils on property and infrastructure.infrastructure.

3.3. Structural Projects. Structural Projects. Identify and implement Identify and implement measures to reduce or avert expansivemeasures to reduce or avert expansive--soils soils damages and losses to structures and damages and losses to structures and infrastructure, with emphasis on critical infrastructure, with emphasis on critical facilities and utilities.facilities and utilities.

4.4. Property Protection. Property Protection. Identify and protect Identify and protect resources and critical infrastructures that resources and critical infrastructures that are vulnerable to expansive soils.are vulnerable to expansive soils.



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GOAL: GOAL: To reduce the damage and To reduce the damage and economic losses caused by economic losses caused by expansive soils on property and expansive soils on property and infrastructure.infrastructure.

5.5. Emergency Services. Emergency Services. Survey emergency Survey emergency and critical facilities for potential expansive and critical facilities for potential expansive soil problems; repair and retrofit as soil problems; repair and retrofit as needed; and consider soils when building needed; and consider soils when building emergency facilities.emergency facilities.

6.6. Natural Resource Protection. Natural Resource Protection. Protect and Protect and enhance natural resources by adopting and enhance natural resources by adopting and implementing sustainable expansive soils implementing sustainable expansive soils policies that have few or no negative policies that have few or no negative impacts and have positive environmental impacts and have positive environmental effects when possible.effects when possible.



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Potential mitigation Potential mitigation measuresmeasures

Which 2004 measures do we Which 2004 measures do we keep?keep?

What are some additional What are some additional measures we may adopt in measures we may adopt in 2009?2009?



Multi-Hazard

Mitigation Planning Preventive MeasuresPreventive Measures

Establish a procedure to inform builders Establish a procedure to inform builders when they apply for permits to check for when they apply for permits to check for expansive soilsexpansive soils

Inform homeowners of landscaping Inform homeowners of landscaping measures, such as xeriscaping, drainage measures, such as xeriscaping, drainage systems or ground sloping, that can systems or ground sloping, that can mitigate foundation damagemitigate foundation damage


Potential additionalPotential additionalExpansive Soils MitigationExpansive Soils Mitigation



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Preventive MeasuresPreventive Measures

Educate builders on appropriate foundation Educate builders on appropriate foundation types for soils with different degrees of types for soils with different degrees of shrinkshrink--swell potential. For example, using swell potential. For example, using ‘‘postpost--tensioned slabtensioned slab--onon--gradegrade’’ or or ‘‘drilled drilled pierpier’’ vs. standard vs. standard ‘‘slab on gradeslab on grade’’ or or ‘‘wall on wall on gradegrade’’ foundations.foundations.

Potential additionalPotential additionalExpansive Soils Mitigation (cont.)Expansive Soils Mitigation (cont.)



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Educate local builders, homeowners, and homebuyers on appropriate building techniques for expansive soils



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Hazard Vulnerability Analysis

Looks at a community's vulnerability to the Looks at a community's vulnerability to the effects of various hazards.effects of various hazards.

Measures (on a scale of 0 to 5):Measures (on a scale of 0 to 5):

the history and probability of occurrencethe history and probability of occurrence

the impact potential in all four areasthe impact potential in all four areas

Current mitigation activitiesCurrent mitigation activities

Internal / external resources availableInternal / external resources available

Formula provides a total that weighs risk heavily Formula provides a total that weighs risk heavily but provides credit for mitigation & resources. but provides credit for mitigation & resources.


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1

1

Bus Ext.Int’lInfraPropHumanProbHistory

55Winter Storm55Wildfires55Urban Fires

4.022221255Transportation10Tornadoes22Lightning55High Wind44Heat

3.922321255HazMat, Fixed55Hail55Flooding

155Expansive Soils

10Earthquake

32Drought

Dam/Levee

TotalResourcesMit’n

ActivityImpactOccurrence

Type of Hazard


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Medium Risk: 2.5 to 4.0Extreme Risk: Greater than 6.0

Low Risk: Less than 2.5High Risk: 4.0 to 6.0

Analysis Results:

Internal/External Resources: Based on resources available to community internally, or to Mutual Aid agreements or other understandings with neighboring jurisdictions. May also include private resources available, such as corporate firefighting/hazmat teams or medical resources.

Impact: Based on “worst-case scenario” - greatest possible impact should worst-case event occur. Maximum threat is the worst-case scenario of a hazard. Its impact is expressed in terms of human casualties, property loss, infrastructure interruption and business interruption/loss revenue issues. Secondary events and psychological human impact need to be factored in where necessary

Probability: Score 0 if event is not possible, 1 if less than 1%, 2 if less than 5%, 3 if less than 10%, 4 if less than 20%, and 5 if greater than 20%. Probability is the likelihood an event will occur. History and probability are similar, but hazards that are newly developing, hazards where the likelihood has increased or decreased based upon new developments or activities, or hazards that have a lack of historical information may need to be considered individually.

Historical Occurrence: Based on number of occurrence in last 20 years. Maximum is 5; if a new hazard use 0.



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Plan can be reviewed at:Plan can be reviewed at:www.rdflanagan.com/bartlesville.htmlwww.rdflanagan.com/bartlesville.html

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