Earth Hour 1

Earth HourEarth Hour is a worldwide event that is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and is held on thelast Saturday of March annually, encouraging households and businesses to turn off their non-essential lights for onehour to raise awareness about the need to take action on climate change. Earth Hour was conceived by WWF andThe Sydney Morning Herald in 2007, when 2.2 million residents of Sydney participated by turning off allnon-essential lights.[1] Following Sydney's lead, many other cities around the world adopted the event in 2008.[2][3]

Earth Hour 2012 will take place on March 31, 2012 from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m., at participant's local time.

2012Earth Hour 2012 will take place on March 31, 2012 from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m.[4]

In February, Earth Hour launched its 2012 campaign, “I Will If You Will”, with the intention of engaging its growingglobal community to go beyond the hour and coordinate their efforts publicly through Facebook, Twitter, Google+and email. Using a dedicated YouTube platform [5], IWIYW asks Earth Hour's digital community to inspire peoplefrom all corners of the globe to take sustainability actions, and to share their commitment to the environment withtheir own social media networks.Executive Director and Co-Founder Andy Ridley said, "Earth Hour’s challenge is no longer to connect people; thechallenge is to offer a reason to connect. Any movement of change begins with symbolism - it’s a needed step toprove enough people care about an issue. Earth Hour is past the beginning now, and lots of people are switchingtheir lights off every year in March. We’re now at the stage of taking it beyond the hour." [6]

Youtube, following the previous year's example, changed its logo and added a switch on/off feature near the title ofeach video, so that users can change the background color from white to black.Further proof of Earth Hour's change in direction came when it was announced its global headquarters was movingfrom Sydney to Singapore. A launch event took place at ION Orchard on February 20, where it was announced thatthe move was supported by Singapore's Economic Development Board (EDB). [7]

2011Earth Hour 2011 was the biggest year in the campaign's five year history, reaffirming it as the largest ever voluntaryaction for the environment. It took place in a record 5,251 cities and towns in 135 countries and territories in allseven continents.[8] It had an estimated reach of 1.8 billion people across the globe. In addition to this, thecampaign's digital footprint grew to 91 million. [9]

In 2011, Earth Hour’s iconic global ‘lights out’ event, some of the world’s most recognized landmarks, including theForbidden City, Eiffel Tower, Buckingham Palace, Golden Gate Bridge, Table Mountain, Christ the Redeemer statueand Sydney Opera House switched off their lights.In India, the Earth Hour 2011 was held on 26 March 2011 from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. IST, flagged off by the DelhiChief Minister Smt.Sheila Dixit and Earth Hour 2011 Ambassador and Bollywood Heroine Vidya Balan in thepresence of Jim Leape, Director General, WWF International.[10]

All seven continents joined in with turning their lights off. In Azerbaijan, Maiden Tower darkened for EarthHour.[11]

The Philippines, which has been an active participant of the Earth Hour, had an early "earth hour" when power wasaccidentally interrupted,[12] plunging Metro Manila and nearby provinces into darkness. After power was restored,major buildings, commercial centers and residential areas in Metro Manila and most provinces continued to turn offtheir lights, while participating channels in the Philippines, ABS-CBN and Cartoon Network halted theirtransmissions for an hour.

Earth Hour 2

30 provinces and cities in Vietnam took part in Earth Hour 2011 with the main event held in Nha Trang. The nation'selectricity demand fell 400,000 kWh, which is one fifth less than the previous year's. Vietnam managed to save 500million VND ($23,809) thanks to the saved power.[13]

YouTube promoted the Earth Hour by changing its logo, and by adding a switch on/off feature near the title of eachvideo, so that users can change the background color from white to black.One of the least co-operative areas traditionally has been Alberta; in 2008, Calgary's power consumption went upduring Earth Hour. The trend continued in 2011 when Edmonton's power usage also increased. While Calgary'spower usage went down in 2011 during the event, electricity officials could not distinguish their readings betweennormal usage and a conscious attempt to participate.[14]

2010

The metal structure of the greenhouses of the curitiban Botanic Garden(Curitiba, Paraná, Southern Brazil), with its lights off on March 27,

2010

Earth Hour 2010 was held from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30p.m. local time, March 27.[15] In Israel, the hour washeld on April 22.[16]

Earth Hour 2010 was reportedly the biggest EarthHour yet, aiming to garner more than the one billionparticipant goal of 2009's Earth Hour.[17]

126 countries participated in Earth Hour 2010.[18]

In the United States polling shows that an estimated90,000,000 Americans participated in Earth Hour aslights were turned off around the country, includingiconic landmarks such as Mount Rushmore, the LasVegas Strip, the Empire State Building and NiagaraFalls.

Earth Hour will be carried out in practical ways, ascities and landmarks apply the core principle of turning off the lights to their everyday routine. In Chicago, theBuilding Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) developed lighting guidelines to reduce light pollution, andreduce the carbon footprint of downtown buildings. Mount Rushmore in South Dakota will now start powering downeach night around 9 p.m. instead of 11 p.m.

In Vietnam, electricity demand fell 500,000 kWh during Earth Hour 2010, which was three times larger than the firsttime the country joined the event in 2009.[19]

In the Philippines, 1,067 towns and cities pledged participation in 2010 and over 15 million Filipinos participated inthe event.About 4000 cities participated, including landmarks such as Big Ben, the Empire State Building, the Sydney OperaHouse, the Eiffel Tower, the Parthenon, the Brandenburg Gate, and the Forbidden City.[20]

Celebrity Earth Hour ambassadors included South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, former New Zealand PrimeMinister Helen Clark, President of Vietnam Nguyễn Minh Triết,[21] and London Mayor Boris Johnson.Earth Hour has garnered support from many corporations including Coca-Cola Enterprises, Wells Fargo, IKEA,HSBC, PwC, Accenture and Nokia Siemens Networks.Some critics point out that the reduction in power consumption in most cases is indistinguishable from zero.[22]

Sydney's The Herald Sun equated the power savings in the Sydney central business district to "taking 48,613 cars offthe road for 1 hour." Critics, most notably Australian Columnist Andrew Bolt pointed out that "A cut so tiny [48,613cars off the road for 1 hour] is trivial - equal to taking six cars off the road for a year".[23]

Earth Hour 3

Participating TV channels and radio stations• National Geographic Channel Asia and Cartoon Network both suspended broadcasting from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30

p.m.• Philippines GMA Network turn off lights in their building from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m.• Vietnam's FBNC channel joined hands with Earth Hour Vietnam.• The Agenda with Steve Paikin on TVOntario ran its full program running only on candlelight again.• The Agenda with Steve Paikin on mnit ran its full program running only on candlelight again.

Innovative environmental mediaAustralian advertising agency Wunderman Sydney produced an innovative environmentally-friendly marketingpiece to support Earth Hour, their pro-bono client since 2009. To encourage businesses to participate in Earth Hour2010, five-thousand 'Plant Spikes'[24] were produced and distributed to offices around Australia. The spike wasdesigned to be inserted in office pot plants by plant hire company TPR Group as they serviced plants in businessesnationwide.To ensure the spike was completely environmentally-friendly, the agency partnered with printer STI Lilyfield toinvent an organic printer's ink containing natural plant fertilizer derived from Durvillaea potatorum and extract ofAscophyllum nodosum to promote healthy plant growth and improve resistance to insect and fungal attack. Printedon 100% FSC-certified paper, this ink fertilized the pot plants as the spike biodegraded naturally in the plant's soil.

2009

To raise awareness for Earth Hour 2009 duringthe week leading up to it, Arla Foods coloured

their Swedish milk cartons black-grey, as distinctfrom the typical white-green.

Earth Hour 2009 was from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. local time, March28, 2009. 88 countries and 4,159 cities participated in Earth Hour2009,[25] ten times more cities than Earth Hour 2008 had (2008 saw400 cities participate).[26] One billion votes was the stated aim forEarth Hour 2009,[27] in the context of the pivotal 2009 United NationsClimate Change Conference.

Among the participants in 2009 was, for the first time, the UnitedNations Headquarters in New York City.[28] The U.N. conservativelyestimates that its participation will save $102 in energy.[29]

Reports show that the United States topped the Earth Hourparticipation with an estimated 80,000,000 people, 318 cities and 8states participating. The Philippines saw participation from 647 cities

and towns; over 15 million Filipinos were estimated to have joined in the hour-long lights-off. This was followed byGreece with 484 cities and towns participating, and Australia with 309.[30][31]

The Canadian province of Ontario, excluding the city of Toronto, saw a decrease of 6% in electricity usage whileToronto saw a decrease of 15.1% (nearly doubled from 8.7% the previous year) as many businesses darkened,including the landmark CN Tower.[32]

Swedish electricity operator Svenska Kraftnät recorded a 2.1% decrease in power consumption from its projectedfigure between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m. The following hour, the corresponding number was 5%.[33] This is equivalent tothe consumption of approximately half a million households out of the total 4.5 million households in Sweden.[34]

According to Vietnam Electricity Company, Vietnam's electricity demand fell 140 MWh during Earth Hour.The Philippines was able to save 611 MWh of electricity during the time period, which is said to be equivalent toshutting down a dozen coal-fired power plants for an hour.[35]

Earth Hour 4

Participation96 countries on 6 continents participated in the event in 2009.

Participating TV channels

• 'National Geographic Channel Asia suspended broadcasting on March 28, 2009 from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m.• Philippines' GMA Network turn off lights in their building from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m.• Malaysia's 8TV halted transmission for one hour starting from 8:30 p.m.[36]

• Canal 5 in Mexico halted transmission for one hour in Mexico City at 8:30 p.m.• Cartoon Network and Magic 105.4 FM broadcast Earth Hour at 8:30 p.m. for the event.• The National Geographic Channel suspended regular programming for an hour and showed how to reduce energy

consumption during Earth Hour.• DhiTV and Villa TV halted transmission for one hour in Maldives from 8:30 p.m.• Naga City's internet radio stations Zone105 and X FM Naga in the Philippines participated in Earth Hour 2009,

going offline starting at 8:30 p.m.• Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE) turned off the lights in their newsrooms and their sets on March 28, 2009 from

8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m.

2008Earth Hour 2008 was held internationally on March 28, 2008 from 8 p.m. to 9 p.m. local time, marking the firstanniversary of the event. With 35 countries around the world participating as official flagship cities and over 400cities also supporting, Earth Hour 2008 was celebrated on all seven continents. Iconic landmarks all around theworld turned off their non-essential lighting for Earth Hour, including the Sydney Opera House (Sydney, Australia),Empire State Building (New York City, USA), Sears Tower (now Willis Tower, Chicago, USA), NationalMonument (Jakarta,Indonesia), Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco, USA), Bank of America Plaza (Atlanta, USA),Space Needle (Seattle, USA), Table Mountain (Cape Town, South Africa), the Colosseum (Rome, Italy), RoyalCastle (Stockholm, Sweden), London's City Hall (United Kingdom), the CN Tower (Toronto, Canada), SM Mall ofAsia, SM Science Discovery Center (Manila, Philippines), Suva (Fiji), Nidaros Cathedral (Trondheim, Norway), TheRoyal Liver Building (Liverpool, United Kingdom), Petronas Towers (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), KL Tower (KualaLumpur, Malaysia), Wat Arun Buddhist Temple (Bangkok, Thailand) and the Azrieli Center (Tel Aviv, Israel).The official website for the event, earthhour.org [37], received over 6.7 million unique visitors in the week leading upto Earth Hour. Other websites took part in the event, with Google's homepage going "dark" on the day Earth Hourtook place.According to a Zogby International online survey 36 million people participated in Earth Hour 2008. The survey alsoshowed there was a 4 percentage point increase in awareness of environmental issues such as climate change,directly after the event.

Earth Hour 5

2008 participantsEarth Hour 2008 included 31 partner cities,[38] along with 182 other cities and regions that also supported theevent.[39][40]

Scheduling

Sydney Harbour Bridge and Sydney Opera Housewere darkened during Earth Hour 2007.

Before 2008, San Francisco had been running its own "Lights Out"program in October.[41] In 2008 it was moved to March 29 to alignwith Australia's Earth Hour. This also happened to be the year thatEarth Hour became an international event and San Francisco was askedto be a partner city in Earth Hour. Rather than have a competing event,San Francisco decided to support Earth Hour and all Lights Out effortshave now moved to supporting the international Earth Hour event.Since Earth Hour for 2008 was on a Saturday, many high schools inthe Greater Toronto Area participated by turning off half the lights inclassrooms during the last hour of school on Friday, March 28, 2008.Although the tagline of Earth Hour 2008 was officially, "See the difference you can make", the official radioadvertisement ended with the tagline, "Dark city, bright idea."

Azrieli Center in Tel Aviv darkened for EarthHour 2010.

Tel Aviv scheduled their Earth Hour for Thursday March 27, 2008 toavoid conflict with Sabbath.[42] Dublin moved their Earth Hour tobetween 9 and 10 p.m. due to their northern geographical location.[43]

Reduced energy consumption

Colosseum darkened for Earth Hour 2008

According to WWF Thailand, Bangkok decreased electricity usage by73.34 megawatts, which, over one hour, is equivalent to 41.6 tonnes ofcarbon dioxide.[44] The Bangkok Post gave different figures of 165megawatt-hours and 102 tonnes of carbon dioxide. This was noted tobe significantly less than a similar campaign initiated by Bangkok'sCity Hall the previous year in May, when 530 megawatt-hours weresaved and 143 tonnes of carbon dioxide emission were cut.[45]

In the Philippines it was noted by the Philippine Electricity MarketCorp. that power consumption dropped by about 78.63 megawatts inMetro Manila, and up to 102.2 megawatts in Luzon island.[46] Themaximum demand drop of around 39

Earth Hour 6

Auditorio de Tenerife darkened for Earth Hour

MW was experienced at 8:14 p.m. in Metro Manila and ofaround 116 MW at 8:34 p.m. in the Luzon grid.[47]

Meanwhile, in Mindanao and in Visayas, rolling blackouts arehappening everyday.

Ontario used approximately 900 megawatt-hours lesselectrical energy during Earth Hour. At one point, Toronto,Ontario saw an 8.7% reduction in consumption as comparedto a typical March Saturday night.[48]

Ireland, as a whole, had a reduction in electricity use of about1.5% for the evening.[49] In the three-hour period between18:30 and 21:30, there was a reduction of 50 megawatts,saving 150 megawatt-hours, or approximately 60 tonnes ofcarbon dioxide.[50]

Golden Gate Bridge and Marin Headlands publicopen space in the background, before (inset) and

during Earth Hour 2008

In Dubai, where external lighting on several major city landmarks wasturned off and street lighting in selected areas was dimmed by 50%, theElectricity and Water Authority reported savings of 100megawatt-hours of electricity. This represented a 2.4% reduction indemand compared to before the hour began.[51]

The Sky Tower in Auckland, New Zealand,switched off its usual floodlighting during the

Earth Hour, and re-lit afterwards. (the red lightsin the middle image are aircraft warning lights)

The best result was from Christchurch, New Zealand. The city reporteda drop of 13% in electricity demand. However, Transpower reportedthat New Zealand's power consumption during Earth Hour was 335megawatts, higher than the 328 megawatt average of the previous twoSaturdays.[52] Melbourne, Australia reduced demand by 10.1%.Sydney, being the city that participated in both the 2007 and 2008Earth Hours, cut electricity consumption by 8.4%. This is less than theprevious year's 10.2%; however, Earth Hour executive director AndyRidley made the claim that after factoring margin of error, theparticipation in this city was the same.[53]

The worst result was from Calgary, Canada. The city's powerconsumption actually went up 3.6% at the hour's peak electricitydemand.[54] In Calgary, however, where weather plays a large role inpower consumption, the city experienced weather 12°C colder than theprevious Saturday's recorded temperature.[55]

Earth Hour 7

Celebrations around the world

These three combo photos show Malaysia'slandmark the Petronas Twin Towers in downtown

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, having their lightsturned off (from top to lower ground) to mark

Earth Hour on March 28, 2009.

• The Danish royal palaces, Amalienborg Palace and Gråsten Palace,went dark at the Queen's command.[56]

• Nelly Furtado held a free concert at Nathan Phillips Square inDowntown Toronto to celebrate Earth Hour.[57]

• In Toronto, Ontario, York University's student-run EnvironmentalOutreach Team ran an afternoon Earth Hour information session,and the York University Observatory offered an extra publicviewing session.[58]

• Stargazing activities were held in Toronto's Ontario Science Centreand Richmond Hill's David Dunlap Observatory.[59][60]

• Astronomy Ireland set up high-powered telescopes in Dublin'sPhoenix Park to allow people to take advantage of the night sky,normally swamped by bright city lights.[50]

• In Tel Aviv, Israel, a free concert by Knesiyat Hasekhel was held atRabin Square. Power needed for the concert was generated by agroup of cyclists pushing pedal generators. The rest of the powerwas supplied by generators burning used falafel oil for power.[61]

•• In Atlanta, the CEO of WWF US, Carter Roberts, and the Mayor ofAtlanta, Shirley Franklin, flipped a giant switch on live TV,symbolically starting the wave of lights going out on the buildingsaround the city.

• In San Francisco, a public event hosted by WWF US was attendedby Mayor Gavin Newsom, Gold medal figure skater Brian Boitano,Grateful Dead drummer Mickey Hart, and other celebrities. Theygathered to watch the lights go out, listening to the music of JasonDamato.

• In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the lights of the world's tallest twintowers, the Petronas Towers, were turned off.[62]

• In Egypt, the lights went out on the Sphinx and the Great Pyramids of Giza from 8:30-9:30 pm.[63]

Google

Earth Hour has also received free publicity from the Google corporation. From 12:00 a.m. on March 29, 2008 untilthe end of Earth Hour, the Google homepage in the United States, Colombia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland and the UKwas turned to a black background. Their tagline is, "We've turned the lights out. Now it's your turn - Earth Hour."[64]

However, Google stated that for 2009 they would not turn the page black again due to the confusion it caused manyusers.[65] A common misconception is that having a black background on a web page reduces the powerconsumption of monitors; LCD monitors use a constant amount of power regardless of which colors are shown. Thisis not the case for Organic LED monitors,[66] though they are not currently in popular use.

Also YouTube has light switches on their videos and comments.

Earth Hour 8

TV channels

• Earth Hour was covered extensively in the United States with segments on The Oprah Winfrey Show, NBCNightly News, CBS Evening News, The Today Show, Good Morning America, CNN, CNN International, TheWeather Channel and more. Several stations around the United States went live with their coverage, includingNBC in Atlanta, who did an hourlong Earth Hour special during the event.

• Canada's The Weather Network moved its studios outside between 8 and 9 p.m. EDT for Earth Hour, using onlyan LED light for the hour.[67]

• The Agenda with Steve Paikin on TVOntario ran its full program running only on candlelight.[68]

2007Earth Hour was held on March 31 in Sydney, Australia at 7:30 pm, local time.

Overview of Sydney in Earth Hour 2008

Measurement of reduction in electricity use

According to figures from EnergyAustralia, a local utility, mainselectricity consumption for the 2007 event in Sydney was 10.2% lowerduring the Hour than would be expected given the time, weatherconditions and past four years' consumption patterns. The Herald Sunequated this with "taking 48,613 cars off the road for 1 hour."[69]

Critics, most notably Columnist Andrew Bolt, labelled this as "A cutso tiny is trivial - equal to taking six cars off the road for a year".[70] Incontext, the six cars equates to there being six fewer cars on the road atany given point of time in the day or night. In response to this criticism, the organisers of Earth Hour counter that "Ifthe greenhouse reduction achieved in the Sydney CBD during Earth Hour was sustained for a year, it would beequivalent to taking 48,616 cars off the road for a year."[71] and they also note that the main goal of Earth Hour is tocreate awareness around climate change issues and "to express that individual action on a mass scale can help changeour planet for the better."[71] and not about the specific energy reductions made during the hour being all that'srequired.

The 10.2% figure was itself challenged by David Solomon, a finance student at the University of Chicago. Withoutciting data sources or the analytical methods he claims to have used, Solomon says he used eight years of electricityusage data to conclude that the Earth Hour-inspired drop was 6.33%, and that after other potential factors were takeninto account, 2.10%, "statistically indistinguishable from zero."[69] In some areas in the Northern Hemisphere, it willbe twilight at 8 p.m., removing some of the advantages of the event.[72]

Fairfax Media coverageMedia Watch, a television show scrutinising the press, reported on claims that Fairfax publications, The SydneyMorning Herald and The Age had run misleading and even manipulated photographs of the event.[73] The programshows Before and After photos published by the papers and provides commentary that the photos may or may nothave been manipulated by overexposure or taking "before" picture 2 days early, as many businesses shut down theirlights for the entire evening, precluding an accurate before and after shot comparison on the same evening.The Australian, a competing news outlet, said that journalists at Melbourne's Age newspaper claimed they had beenpressured not to write negative stories about Earth Hour because of the parent company's sponsorship arrangement.The Australian went on to say that on April 10, a statement from the journalists claimed that "Reporters werepressured not to write negative stories and story topics followed a schedule drafted by Earth Hour organisers".[74]

Earth Hour 9

2006Leo Burnett was challenged to come up with a campaign name that represents more than simply flicking off lights –Earth Hour was born. WWF Australia and Leo Burnett Sydney took the concept of Earth Hour to Fairfax Mediaasking Fairfax to back the event – they agreed. Sydney Lord Mayor Clover Moore MP agreed to support.[75]

2005WWF Australia and Leo Burnett Sydney developed the concept of a large scale switch off. The project had theworking title, "The Big Flick": a campaign based on hope not fear, and the idea that everyone can take personalresponsibility for the future of the planet we live on.

2004WWF Australia began to look at new ways to take climate change mainstream after being confronted with seriousscientific data. WWF Australia and advertising agency Leo Burnett Sydney discuss ideas for engaging Australianson the issue of climate change. [76]

Celebrity endorsementsIndonesian actress, model, and VJ, Nadya Hutagalung is the Earth Hour ambassador for Singapore and dares theworld to save the planet through her personal "IWIYW" challenges. Several public figures and celebrities endorseEarth Hour in an official capacity, including supermodel Miranda Kerr[77], race car driver Leilani Munter andconservationist Elissa Sursara.[78]

CriticismThe criticisms of Earth Hour include:• In March 2010, the Telegraph quoted electricity experts that "it could therefore result in an increase in carbon

emissions" due to complications related to rapidly lowering then raising electricity generation.[79]

• In February 2010, Rick Giles, president of ACT on Campus, the youth wing of New Zealand's ACT Party,appeared on the morning television show Sunrise to denounce Earth Hour and instead suggested the celebration of"Edison Hour". He argued that Earth Hour is an "anti-technology" cause, and that people will simply use candlesinstead, which is undesirable as they are petroleum-based. He argued that if we are heading for some kind ofdisaster, it makes sense to use technology to combat this.[80] Rick quickly gained notoriety for saying "I think myargument is so powerful that it's not necessary to talk about it".

• The Christian Science Monitor said that most candles are made from paraffin, a heavy hydrocarbon derived fromcrude oil, a fossil fuel, and that depending on how many candles a person burns (if one uses candles during EarthHour), whether or not they normally use compact fluorescent light bulbs, and what source of energy is used toproduce their electricity, in some cases, replacing light bulbs with candles will cause an increase, instead of adecrease, in carbon dioxide emissions.[81]

• An alternative celebration of "Human Achievement Hour" was promoted by the libertarian think tank theCompetitive Enterprise Institute to celebrate the advancement of human prosperity.[82] Participants in thiscelebration were asked to "celebrate the achievements of humanity such as eating dinner, seeing a film, drivingaround, keeping the heat on in your home".[83]

• The Ayn Rand Institute wrote, "Participants spend an enjoyable sixty minutes in the dark, safe in the knowledge that the life-saving benefits of industrial civilization are just a light switch away... Forget one measly hour with just the lights off. How about Earth Month... Try spending a month shivering in the dark without heating, electricity, refrigeration; without power plants or generators; without any of the labor-saving, time-saving, and

Earth Hour 10

therefore life-saving products that industrial energy makes possible."[84]

• Although in support of Earth Hour, the "Carbon Sense Coalition" wants Earth Hour to be renamed "BlackoutNight", and to be held outside on the shortest and coldest day of the year "...to prepare our population for the darkdays ahead".[85][86]

• Bjørn Lomborg, author of The Skeptical Environmentalist, wrote, "It is vital to make solar and other newtechnology cheaper than fossil fuels quickly so we can turn off carbon energy sources for a lot longer than onehour and keep the planet running... Fossil fuels literally gave us an enlightenment, by lighting our world andgiving us protection from the fury of the elements. It is ironic that today's pure symbolism should hark back to adarker age."[87]

• On March 29, one day after Earth Hour 2009, Dân Trí daily newspaper published an article about the other side ofEarth Hour. It was concerned that many young people chose to drive around the darkened cities for fun,exhausting petroleum instead of electricity and resulting in long-time traffic jams.[88]

• During the 2010 Earth Hour in the city of Uusikaupunki in Finland, a 17-year-old female motorcyclist hit a71-year-old man, who was walking on the street instead of the sidewalk for an unknown reason. The man diedfrom his injuries, while the motorcyclist and her passenger were uninjured. At the time of the accident the streetlights had been turned off as part of the Earth Hour. The police stated that the lack of street lighting may haveplayed a part in the accident, while the mayor believed the city's street lights would have been too dim to preventit even if they had been on.[89][90]

• Jeremy Clarkson, host of the BBC motoring programme Top Gear, confessed to switching on all electrical itemsin his home as a protest against the perceived impact of Earth Hour, claiming the event would have little to noeffect on attitudes towards climate change.[91]

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Earth Hour 12

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Earth Hour 13

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External links• Official website (http:/ / earthhour. org/ )• Official website (http:/ / earthhourkids. org/ ) (children's version)• Earth Hour 2008 (http:/ / www. earthhour2008. com/ ) - a collection of Earth Hour 2008 news articles and press

releases• Video: Earth Hour in Boulder, Colorado. (http:/ / www. elephantjournal. com/ 2008/ 04/ earth-hour/ )• Interview with Earth Hour Executive Director Andy Ridley (WWF) (http:/ / knowledge. allianz. com/ en/

globalissues/ climate_change/ top_climate_stories/ earth_hour_wwf_interview. html)

Article Sources and Contributors 14

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Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Botanigif.gif  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Botanigif.gif  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0  Contributors: SamirNostebFile:Arla mjölk - Earth Hour 2009 (gabbe).jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arla_mjölk_-_Earth_Hour_2009_(gabbe).jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors:Gabbe, Gabriel Ehrnst GrundinFile:Sydney Harbour Bridge and Opera House Earth Hour.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sydney_Harbour_Bridge_and_Opera_House_Earth_Hour.jpg  License:Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: madradishFile:AzrieliCenterEarthHour2010.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:AzrieliCenterEarthHour2010.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: My own workFile:Colosseum Earth Hour.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Colosseum_Earth_Hour.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0  Contributors: saveourclimateFile:Santa Cruz de Tenerife Auditorium.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife_Auditorium.jpg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  Contributors: Dbenbenn, Porao, Rlbberlin, 1 anonymous editsFile:Ggb during earth hour.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ggb_during_earth_hour.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: BrockenInagloryFile:Earth Hour Sky Tower Auckland.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Earth_Hour_Sky_Tower_Auckland.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Kaihsu TaiFile:Twintower earthhour.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Twintower_earthhour.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Lai Seng SinFile:Sydney Opera House - After.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sydney_Opera_House_-_After.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0  Contributors:saveourclimate

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