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Daniel Cleary 11 B

Unit 4 Physics Applications

Exploring Earth and Space

Assignment 5

Task1

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The international space agency is looking for suitablecandidates to work at some of the worlds most prestigioussites.Candidates must be suitably qualified in educational, mental

and physical requirements for the particular posts.

Site 1

The Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble Telescope is an optical telescope situated in earthorbit, it is controlled and data is received by the Flightoperations Team at the Goddard Space Flight Centre inGreenbelt Maryland USA.

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Site 2

Jodrell Bank Observatory.

The Jodrell Bank centre has eight large radio telescopes, thelargest being the Lovell radio telescope which is 76 metres andthe third largest in the world. Jodrell bank is situated inCheshire and data is analysed at Manchester University.

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Site 3

The Chandra X-Ray Observatory.

The Chandra X-Ray observatory orbits earth in a high ellipticalorbit, at its farthest point it is one third the way to the moon,it is operated by NASA and its data is transferred to theChandra X-Ray Centre in Massachusetts USA.

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Site 4

The Compton Gamma Observatory.

the Compton Gamma-Ray observatory was launched by NASAin 1991 and de-orbited in June 2000. Controlled from theMarshall Space Centre it searched for short gamma-ray burstfrom deep space.

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Site5

Cassini-Huygens unmanned space missions.

launched in 1997 the Cassini-Huygens space craft arrived in

Saturns orbit in July 2004, consisting of the Cassini orbitmodule and the Huygens module which descended to thesurface of Titan, the project is funded and data gathered by 16European countries and the USA

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Task 1b

A vacancy exists for a suitable candidate to join the elite groupof scientists working on the International Space Station.

For the last nine years the International Space Station hasbeen permanently crewed, the present crew consists of 22scientists and astronauts.

As a member of the expedition crew you will be carrying outexperiments into biology, human biology, physics, astronomyand meteorology.

The station has a unique environment for testing spacecraftsystems and will be required for missions to the moon andmars.

The space station is reached by the Shuttle, at a height of 202miles in orbit, the space station is orbiting the earth at around17,245 miles per hour.

The shuttle takes off from Cape Canaveral in Florida USA andlands at Andrews Air Force Base.

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Space shuttle Atlantis after take off with solid fuel boostersstill attached, once escape velocity is reached they aredetached. The Shuttle then carries on the join the spacestation.

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Once in orbit the shuttle approaches the space station anddocks allowing the crew to board.

Crew of space Station working outside of the craft. Once onboard the station you will live and work in zero gravity,conditions can be cramped but you will always have splendidviews!!

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Task 2

Technical info

Hubble Space telescopeLaunched 24/4/1990Length 13.2 metresWeight 24,500 lbOrbit 97 milesSpeed 17,500 mph

The Hubble Space telescope is an optical telescope used to probe thedeepest parts of the visible universe.

Jodrel Bank Radio telescopeBuilt 1957Ground based8 main radio dishesLargest Lovall Telescope 76 metres

The jodrel Bank Observatory has 8 main radio telescopes which collectradio waves transmitted naturally by stars and galaxies.

Chandra X-Ray observatory

Launched 23/7/1999Length 45 feetOrbit 75,000 kmSpeed 16,000 kph

The Chandra collects X-Ray radiation transmitted by stars andgalaxies.

Compton gamma observatoryAt 17 tons the Compton was the largest payload at the timeThe mission lasted for 9 years from 1999-2000The Compton gamma observatory examined the electromagneticspectrum of stars and galaxies.

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Hygens-Cassini Mission.

Launched 15/10/1997 the probe reached Saturn in April 2004 where

the Hygens probe was launched to land on Titan, Saturns largestmoon.The Cassini probe remained in orbit around Saturn and continues torelay data and high resolution photographs.

Task 3

Hubble Space Telescope is operated by NASA and has beentransmitting high resolution images for over 20 years, unhindered byearths atmosphere it can probe deep into space, one of its mostfamous images is the Deep Field. In 1995 the telescope was pointed ata seemingly empty and small area of the sky, it observed this for tendays and the resulting images showed thousands of galaxies the mostdistant where the light had taken 10 Billion years to reach earth.

Jodrel Bank observatory has been operating in Cheshire for over 50years, its massive radio dishes collect cosmic rays emitted fromspace, it has played an important role in investigating quasars andpulsars and other phenomenon which cannot be observed by opticalmeans.

One of its main present projects is MERLIN which is linking radiodishes across the country giving it a baseline of 217 kilometres.

Chandra X-Ray observatory is operated by NASA from Massachusetts,moving in a high orbit, one third the way to the moon, ChandraobservesThe "X-ray universe" refers to the universe as observed withtelescopes designed to detect X-rays. X-rays are produced in thecosmos when matter is heated to millions of degrees. Suchtemperatures occur where high magnetic fields, or extreme gravity, orexplosive forces, hold sway.

Chandra is presently exploring the nature of Black Holes.

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Cassini-Hygens, the probe was launched in 1997 and took seven yearsto reach Saturn once there the Hygens probe was released and landedon Titans largest moon, Titan.Since then the Cassini probe has been in orbit around Saturn relayingdata back to NASA."When you look at Saturn through any telescope, all you can see isSaturn's day side and the sunlit part of its rings," says Dr. LindaSpilker, deputy project scientist for the Cassini-Huygens mission. "Withthe Cassini spacecraft we can see the whole planet, including the nightside. We can see the rings. We can get close enough to see things liketiny storms that even the powerful telescopes can't see. We can collect

data and make measurements that can only be done by actually goingto Saturn."Cassinis present mission is the Equinox mission which is investigatingthe atmosphere of the planet.