Early GreeksEarly Greeks

Essential LearningsEssential Learnings Geography - students will be able to identify the Geography - students will be able to identify the

major geographical concepts per region (i.e. political, major geographical concepts per region (i.e. political, cities, landscape, bodies of water, climate). cities, landscape, bodies of water, climate).

Social Structure - students will be able to identify and Social Structure - students will be able to identify and understand the following; social class, gender roles, understand the following; social class, gender roles, social behaviours and cultural norms.social behaviours and cultural norms.

Politics / Bureaucracy - students will understand the Politics / Bureaucracy - students will understand the various systems of government, the types of various systems of government, the types of leadership, the evolution of government and the leadership, the evolution of government and the influence of specific individuals (i.e. oligarchy, influence of specific individuals (i.e. oligarchy, democracy, republic)democracy, republic)

OUTLINEOUTLINEEarly Greece Early Greece

Dark Ages after MycenaeDark Ages after MycenaeThe influence and impact of geography The influence and impact of geography

on Greece.on Greece.Rise of the City-StateRise of the City-State

Athens Athens SpartaSparta

Daily Life of Athenians and SpartansDaily Life of Athenians and SpartansEducation in Athens and SpartaEducation in Athens and Sparta

Ancient GreeceAncient Greece

Dark AgesDark AgesAfter the fall of the Mycenaean After the fall of the Mycenaean

civilization, Greece fell into the dark civilization, Greece fell into the dark ages. ages.

Little is known of this time other than Little is known of this time other than the fact that foreign invaders (Dorians) the fact that foreign invaders (Dorians) came in from the north conquering came in from the north conquering settlements forcing residents to flee. settlements forcing residents to flee.

Many fled to Asia Minor or islands in the Many fled to Asia Minor or islands in the Aegean.Aegean.

The Dorians destroyed food supplies in The Dorians destroyed food supplies in their trek causing a massive famine.their trek causing a massive famine.

Greek GeographyGreek Geography Greece has 3200 km of rocky coastline. Greece has 3200 km of rocky coastline. There are excellent harbours which There are excellent harbours which

provided excellent ports for ships.provided excellent ports for ships. This helped develop trading of ideas and This helped develop trading of ideas and

products.products. The sea unified Greece.The sea unified Greece. The mainland is very mountainous. What The mainland is very mountainous. What

would be the effect of this?would be the effect of this? Hard to conquer by land, but also the Hard to conquer by land, but also the

mountains were a division between mountains were a division between communities so, the land divided Greece.communities so, the land divided Greece.

It was an area that was based on the It was an area that was based on the sea. Many civilizations were sea. Many civilizations were developed on the Islands that filled developed on the Islands that filled the Aegean Sea due to the fertile soils the Aegean Sea due to the fertile soils on the island.on the island.

Most people on mainland Greece lived Most people on mainland Greece lived within 70km of coast.within 70km of coast.

Many of the rivers throughout Many of the rivers throughout mainland Greece are not navigable as mainland Greece are not navigable as they would dry up in the summers.they would dry up in the summers.

The problem is there are more than The problem is there are more than 2000 islands in a small area so 2000 islands in a small area so navigation could be very dangerous.navigation could be very dangerous.

Winters were mild and wet and Winters were mild and wet and summers were dry.summers were dry.

There were few mineral deposits.There were few mineral deposits.This meant Soil was not very fertile. This meant Soil was not very fertile.

So there was limited farmland. City-So there was limited farmland. City-states relied on foreign trade.states relied on foreign trade.

Colonization of GreeceColonization of Greece

Colonization – the process of Colonization – the process of establishing colonies.establishing colonies.

Greek settlements started to spread Greek settlements started to spread to other areas in efforts to help with to other areas in efforts to help with the food supply and over population. the food supply and over population.

The Rise of the Polis The Rise of the Polis (City-State)(City-State)

At first Greece was called HellasAt first Greece was called HellasPeople were called Hellenes.People were called Hellenes.The Romans renamed the country The Romans renamed the country

Greece.Greece.Greece did not have cities, they Greece did not have cities, they

developed city- states known as a developed city- states known as a polispolis. .

City states were self governing.City states were self governing.They rarely exceeded 20,000 with They rarely exceeded 20,000 with

the exception of Athens and Sparta. the exception of Athens and Sparta.

ResultResultSeveral developments come out of Several developments come out of

this:this:Metal currency came into use. Metal currency came into use. Middle class developed made up of Middle class developed made up of

business people.business people.Learned how to use Iron.Learned how to use Iron.Metics (foreign workers were welcomed Metics (foreign workers were welcomed

into the city-states.into the city-states.11stst Olympic Games held (776BC) Olympic Games held (776BC)

Phoenician alphabet which was Phoenician alphabet which was passed on to us from the Romans.passed on to us from the Romans.

Two Main City-StatesTwo Main City-States AthensAthens

Social classesSocial classesCitizens – most Citizens – most

peoplepeopleWives and children Wives and children

of citizens.of citizens.Slaves Slaves Metics – resident Metics – resident

aliens who worked aliens who worked in Athens, but were in Athens, but were from other city-from other city-states.states.

SpartaSparta Social classesSocial classes

Citizens – males over Citizens – males over 30 born in Sparta.30 born in Sparta.

Women and children Women and children of citizens.of citizens.

PerioeciPerioeci (non (non citizens)citizens)

Helots or serfs Helots or serfs (worked the land)(worked the land)

•Metics had no political rights, but they had personal rights and freedoms. They were protected by the law.

Athens TodayAthens Today

In order to be a citizen your father In order to be a citizen your father also must have been a citizen.also must have been a citizen.

Only citizens could take part in Only citizens could take part in government or own land.government or own land.

In Sparta serfs (slaves) could own In Sparta serfs (slaves) could own land, but they could not move from land, but they could not move from their birthplace. Therefore you their birthplace. Therefore you couldn’t move from your social class. couldn’t move from your social class.

Land was handed down from Land was handed down from generations.generations.

Each polis (city-state) had its own Each polis (city-state) had its own government.government.

The greatest division between the The greatest division between the Greeks was that of their polis.Greeks was that of their polis.

A problem for mainland Greece was A problem for mainland Greece was that people became more loyal to that people became more loyal to their city-states than to their country their city-states than to their country of Greece.of Greece.

AthensAthensFamed for their literature, poetry, Famed for their literature, poetry,

drama, theatre, schools, buildings, drama, theatre, schools, buildings, sciences and government. sciences and government. ((direct democracy!) !) 

Before the Before the Greek dark ages, Athens , Athens was a small village, home to a tribe of was a small village, home to a tribe of Ionian people. Ionian people.

Athens’ God was Athena, goddess of Athens’ God was Athena, goddess of wisdom.wisdom.

The men of Athens ran gov’t and met The men of Athens ran gov’t and met each week to discuss problems. each week to discuss problems.

Athenian TheatreAthenian Theatre

Greek Theatres pt. 1Greek theatres pt 2

SpartaSparta Sparta began as a small village of

Dorian people who were warriors. (This led to the Spartans being warriors.)

The Spartans were famed for their military were famed for their military strength. strength.

Sparta’s God was Artemis, the goddess of Sparta’s God was Artemis, the goddess of the wilderness, the hunt and wild animals, the wilderness, the hunt and wild animals, and fertility. and fertility.

Sparta eventually controlled 2/5 of the Sparta eventually controlled 2/5 of the Peloponnese. Peloponnese.

Sparta's government was an oligarchy Sparta's government was an oligarchy (rule by a few). (rule by a few).

The people were ruled by a small group of The people were ruled by a small group of warriors.warriors.

Ancient SpartaAncient Sparta

Ancient Spartan TheatreAncient Spartan Theatre

Activities of the GreeksActivities of the GreeksLanguageLanguage

At first many languages, but around 330 BC a At first many languages, but around 330 BC a common language called Koine was common language called Koine was developeddeveloped..

FoodFoodTwo meals per day: mid-morning (Ariston - Two meals per day: mid-morning (Ariston -

Breakfast) and at sunset (Deipnon - supper)Breakfast) and at sunset (Deipnon - supper)No sugar was used, honey was used to No sugar was used, honey was used to

sweeten because it was plentiful.sweeten because it was plentiful.Olive oil was used in soap, cooking and as a Olive oil was used in soap, cooking and as a

substitute for butter.substitute for butter.Never drank milk, it was only fit for animals.Never drank milk, it was only fit for animals.

ClothingClothingMen and women wore a gown called a Men and women wore a gown called a

“chiton” made from wool with a belt at the “chiton” made from wool with a belt at the waist.waist.Brown gown – for casual wearBrown gown – for casual wearWhite gown – special occasionWhite gown – special occasion

Barefoot indoors and sandals outside.Barefoot indoors and sandals outside. HomeHome

Had simple homes (2-3 rooms)Had simple homes (2-3 rooms)Made from stone and dried brickMade from stone and dried brickHad an overhanging roof for gatherings Had an overhanging roof for gatherings

called “pasta”called “pasta”A courtyard in the centre was very important A courtyard in the centre was very important

to daily life.to daily life.

Education (Athens)Education (Athens) The school was called “grammatikos”The school was called “grammatikos”

(school). (school). The state required that all boys learn to The state required that all boys learn to

read and write beginning school at age 6.read and write beginning school at age 6. Girls didn’t receive a formal educationGirls didn’t receive a formal education

They were to stay home and learn from the They were to stay home and learn from the mother. mother.

They learned household chores.They learned household chores. The goal of education was to make boys The goal of education was to make boys

good citizens. They tried to strengthen a good citizens. They tried to strengthen a boy’s strongest talent.boy’s strongest talent.

Each boy had a slave called a “Each boy had a slave called a “paedagogus” paedagogus” who was responsible for their manners and who was responsible for their manners and tutoring.tutoring.

Athenian EducationAthenian Education stressed physical and cultural stressed physical and cultural

development. All were required to sing, development. All were required to sing, play instruments, and learn to box/wrestle.play instruments, and learn to box/wrestle.

At 14 many boys became apprentices in a At 14 many boys became apprentices in a craft or trade.craft or trade.

Compulsory coursesCompulsory courses MathMath LiteratureLiterature Physical education Physical education WritingWriting MusicMusic Memorization of long poems.Memorization of long poems.

Education (Sparta)Education (Sparta) One purpose: to create an effective soldier One purpose: to create an effective soldier

and obedient citizen. and obedient citizen. Weak babies were left outside to die.Weak babies were left outside to die. The rest were raised naked and were The rest were raised naked and were

NEVER allowed to whimper or complain.NEVER allowed to whimper or complain. Sent to live in a barracks (army life) at 7.Sent to live in a barracks (army life) at 7. Reading and writing not important.Reading and writing not important. Become citizens at 30 could marry and Become citizens at 30 could marry and

live in home but ate at the barracks until live in home but ate at the barracks until 60.60.

They had no home life until they were 60 They had no home life until they were 60 when they could retire.when they could retire.

SPARTA & ATHENSSPARTA & ATHENSDRAW A

VENN DIAGRAM LIKE THIS ONE, AND USE IT TO COMPARE

SPARTA AND ATHENS IN

RELATION TO THE TOPICS

WE DISCUSSED.

SPARTA ATHENS