Early Civilizations of Ancient India
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Transcript of Early Civilizations of Ancient India
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Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NY
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NY
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The Harappan Civilization
3000 BC - 1500 BC
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Geography
• These civilizations developed along the Indus River Valley
• it is a subcontinent of Asia • its most important climatological
feature is the monsoon.• it is cut off from the rest of Asia by
high mountain ranges.
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• Harappa was India’s first civilization
• Both Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were carefully planned cities that were only 400 miles apart
• Mohenjo-Daro’s carefully planned cities is evidence that it had a well-organized government
• The arrival of the Aryans brought an end to these civilizations
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CitadelOf
Mohenjo-Daro
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Aerial View of Mohenjo-Daro
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Wide View, Mohenjo-Daro
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The Great Bath, Mohenjo-Daro
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Bath Area, Mohenjo-Daro
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Well, Mohenjo-Daro
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A Main Street, Mohenjo-Daro
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Granery, Mohenjo-Daro
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pottery, Mohenjo-Daro
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Bison Seal, Mohenjo-Daro
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A Horned-God Seal, Mohenjo-Daro
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A Male Head, Mohenjo-Daro
Dravidian
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A Priest-King, Mohenjo-Daro
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Necklace, Mohenjo-Daro
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Public Well, Harappa
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Drain, Harappa
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Unicorn Seal, Harappa
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Female Figures, Harappa
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Bull Figurine, Harappa
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Elephant Figurine, Harappa
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Burial Pottery, Harappa
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Male Skeleton, Harappa
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Female Skeleton with Child, Harappa
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Harappan Writing
Undecipherable to date.
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““Peking Man”Peking Man” (750,000 – 500,000 BC)(750,000 – 500,000 BC)
““Peking Man”Peking Man” (750,000 – 500,000 BC)(750,000 – 500,000 BC)
SinanthropusSinanthropuspekinesispekinesis
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The 4 Old-World The 4 Old-World River Valley CulturesRiver Valley Cultures
The 4 Old-World The 4 Old-World River Valley CulturesRiver Valley Cultures
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Yellow River Yellow River CivilizationCivilization
Yellow River Yellow River CivilizationCivilization
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Neolithic Neolithic PotteryPottery
Neolithic Neolithic PotteryPottery
3000 BC to3000 BC to2000 BC2000 BC
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““Chung Kuo”Chung Kuo”(The (The “Middle “Middle Kingdom”Kingdom”))
““Chung Kuo”Chung Kuo”(The (The “Middle “Middle Kingdom”Kingdom”))
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TheDynastic
Cycle
TheDynastic
Cycle
A new dynasty
comes to power.
A new dynasty
comes to power.
Lives of common people improved;
taxes reduced;farming encouraged.
Lives of common people improved;
taxes reduced;farming encouraged.
Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)
Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)
Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.
Farming neglected.
Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.
Farming neglected.
Govt. increasesspending; corruption.
Govt. increasesspending; corruption.
Droughts,floods,
famines occur.
Droughts,floods,
famines occur.
Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels
& attack landlords.
Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels
& attack landlords.
Rebel bands findstrong leader who
unites them.Attack the emperor.
Rebel bands findstrong leader who
unites them.Attack the emperor.
Emperor isdefeated !!
Emperor isdefeated !!
The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more
efficient.
The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more
efficient.
Start here
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Xia DynastyXia DynastyXia DynastyXia Dynasty•Historians Historians consider this consider this as the as the beginning of beginning of Chinese Chinese civilization.civilization.
•Little is Little is known about known about this this civilization.civilization.
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Xia Plaque, 1700 BCXia Plaque, 1700 BCXia Plaque, 1700 BCXia Plaque, 1700 BC
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Bronze Age Bronze Age EmpiresEmpires
Bronze Age Bronze Age EmpiresEmpires
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Shang: Shang: 1523-1028 1523-1028 BCBC
Shang: Shang: 1523-1028 1523-1028 BCBC
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Writing system developed Writing system developed that used pictographs that used pictographs which were symbols or which were symbols or
characters representing an characters representing an object.object.
Writing system developed Writing system developed that used pictographs that used pictographs which were symbols or which were symbols or
characters representing an characters representing an object.object.
PictograpPictographshs
Semantic-Semantic-PhoneticsPhonetics
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• Clear social divisions : Wealth was based on land.
• Farming society ruled by aristocracy.
• They had a belief in super natural forces.
• To communicate with the gods rulers made use of oracle bones.
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Oracle BonesOracle BonesOracle BonesOracle Bones
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Oracle Bones Oracle Bones CalendarCalendar
Oracle Bones Oracle Bones CalendarCalendar
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Silk making and bronze
working were
technological
contributions of this
dynasty
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Axe Scepter – Axe Scepter – 1100 BCE1100 BCE - jade- jade
Axe Scepter – Axe Scepter – 1100 BCE1100 BCE - jade- jade
Ceremonial Dagger – Ceremonial Dagger – 1028 BCE1028 BCE
Ceremonial Dagger – Ceremonial Dagger – 1028 BCE1028 BCE
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ShanShangg
UrnUrn
ShanShangg
UrnUrn
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Shang Shang BronzesBronzesShang Shang
BronzesBronzes
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Ritual Wine Vessel – Ritual Wine Vessel – bronze, 13c BCbronze, 13c BC
Ritual Wine Vessel – Ritual Wine Vessel – bronze, 13c BCbronze, 13c BC