Early Civilizations of Ancient India
description
Transcript of Early Civilizations of Ancient India
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The Harappan Civilization
3300 BCE - 2400 BCE
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CitadelOf
Mohenjo-Daro
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Aerial View of Mohenjo-Daro
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Wide View, Mohenjo-Daro
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The Great Bath, Mohenjo-Daro
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Bath Area, Mohenjo-Daro
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Aryan Migration
pastoral depended on their cattle.
warriors horse-drawn chariots.
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Varna (Social Hierarchy)
ShudrasShudras
VaishyasVaishyas
Kshatriyas Kshatriyas
Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
BrahminsBrahmins
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The Caste System
The mouth?
The arms?
The legs?
The feet?
WHO IS…
BrahminsBrahmins
KshatriyasKshatriyas
VaishyasVaishyas
ShudrasShudras
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Sanskrit
writing
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Gupta Empire:Gupta Empire: 320 CE 320 CE – 647 CE– 647 CE
Gupta Empire:Gupta Empire: 320 CE 320 CE – 647 CE– 647 CE
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Gupta RulersGupta RulersGupta RulersGupta Rulers Chandra GuptaChandra Gupta II
r. 320 – 335 r. 320 – 335
“ “Great King of Great King of Kings”Kings”
Chandra Gupta IIChandra Gupta II r. 375 – 415 r. 375 – 415
Profitable trade Profitable trade withwith the Mediterranean the Mediterranean world! world!
Hindu revival.Hindu revival.
Huns invade – 450 Huns invade – 450 CECE
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International Trade International Trade Routes during the Routes during the
GuptasGuptas
International Trade International Trade Routes during the Routes during the
GuptasGuptas
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Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:4c4c
Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:4c4c
spices
spices
spicesspices
gold & gold &
ivoryivory
gold & gold & ivoryivory
rice & rice & wheatwheathorseshorses
cotton goods
cotton goods
cotton goods
cotton goodssilkssilks
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MedicineMedicineMedicineMedicine LiteratureLiteratureLiteratureLiterature
MathematicsMathematicsMathematicsMathematicsAstronomyAstronomyAstronomyAstronomy
PrintedPrintedmedicinal medicinal
guidesguides
1000 1000 diseasesdiseasesclassifiedclassified
PlasticPlasticSurgerySurgery
C-sectionsC-sectionsperformeperforme
dd
InoculatioInoculationsns
500 healing500 healingplants plants
identifiedidentified
DecimalDecimalSystemSystem
ConceptConceptof Zeroof Zero
PI = 3.1416PI = 3.1416
KalidasKalidasaa
SolarSolarCalendarCalendar
The The earthearth
is roundis round
GuptaGuptaIndiaIndia
Gupta Gupta AchievementAchievement
ss
Gupta Gupta AchievementAchievement
ssKama Kama SutraSutra
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The World in The World in 16001600
The World in The World in 16001600
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British East India British East India CompanyCompany
1600-18571600-1857
1-E
•A money making venture.
•Trading in cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpeter, tea and opium.
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British East India British East India Company AgentsCompany Agents
1-E
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Sepoy soldiersSepoy soldiers
1-F
•Strong beliefs in the caste system•Made up of Muslims and Hindus
Many would be given land and titles because of their caste level
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Road to revolution Road to revolution Outlawing Outlawing SutteeSuttee
((satisati) )
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Fighting the Fighting the ThuggeesThuggees
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The Final StrawThe Final Straw
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The Sepoy The Sepoy Mutiny: 1857Mutiny: 1857
2-A
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Areas of the Sepoy Areas of the Sepoy Mutiny, Mutiny,
18571857
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A LifeA Lifeofof
Leisure!Leisure!
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Lady Curzon, 1904Lady Curzon, 1904
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Living Like a Living Like a MaharajahMaharajah
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Darjeeling Railroad, Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s1880s
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RailroadRailroad
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the Indian National the Indian National CongressCongress 1885 1885 The Indian National The Indian National
CongressCongress was founded in Bombay. was founded in Bombay.
swarajswaraj “independence.” “independence.” ** the goal of the movement. the goal of the movement.
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the Muslim Leaguethe Muslim League 1905 1905 partition of Bengal partition of Bengal based onbased on religions and languages. religions and languages.
1906 1906 creation of the Muslim creation of the Muslim League. League.
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Amritsar Massacre, Amritsar Massacre, 19191919
379 dead; over 1200 wounded!379 dead; over 1200 wounded!
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Gandhi spinning Gandhi spinning clothcloth
Indian weaving was ruined Indian weaving was ruined by the competition of by the competition of British machine-made British machine-made
textiles!textiles!
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PartitionPartition!!
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Pakistan and India ConflictPakistan and India Conflict
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Border problemsBorder problemsBorder problemsBorder problems
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Jawarlal NehruJawarlal NehruJawarlal NehruJawarlal Nehru Ally of Gandhi.Ally of Gandhi. 11stst Prime Minister Prime Minister
of India, of India, 1947-1964.1947-1964.
Advocated Advocated Industrialization.Industrialization.
Promoted “Green Promoted “Green Revolution”.Revolution”.
Mixed Economy.Mixed Economy. Nonaligned Nonaligned
Movement.Movement.
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Non-Alignment Non-Alignment MovementMovement
Non-Alignment Non-Alignment MovementMovement
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The “mix” refers to private and The “mix” refers to private and
public ownership. public ownership. Foreign aid and foreign Foreign aid and foreign investment investment are crucial. are crucial.
Urban areas have high-tech Urban areas have high-tech companies. companies.
Three quarters of the Three quarters of the population are population are farmers living in small villages. farmers living in small villages.
India's India's "Green Revolution""Green Revolution" allowed allowed farmers to triple their crop by farmers to triple their crop by using using modern science and technology. modern science and technology.
India’s “mixed India’s “mixed economy”economy”
India’s “mixed India’s “mixed economy”economy”
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India’s “Green India’s “Green Revolution”Revolution”
India’s “Green India’s “Green Revolution”Revolution”
Introducing Introducing higher-higher-yielding yielding varieties of varieties of seeds in 1965.seeds in 1965.
Increased use of Increased use of fertilizers & fertilizers & irrigation.irrigation.
GOALGOAL make make India self-India self-sufficient in food sufficient in food grains.grains.
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Overpopulation Overpopulation 1 billion & 1 billion & climbing.climbing.
Economic development.Economic development. Hindu-Muslim tensions.Hindu-Muslim tensions. Gender issues Gender issues dowry killings. dowry killings. Caste bias Caste bias discrimination discrimination against against untouchables untouchables continues.continues.
The Kashmir dispute and nuclear The Kashmir dispute and nuclear
weapons. weapons. Political assassinations.Political assassinations.
Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues
in india todayin india today
Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues
in india todayin india today
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Tamil Separatism:Tamil Separatism:The “tamil tigers”The “tamil tigers”Tamil Separatism:Tamil Separatism:The “tamil tigers”The “tamil tigers”
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Is the dream Is the dream gone?gone?
Is the dream Is the dream gone?gone?
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Economic development.Economic development. Political instability/militaryPolitical instability/military dictatorship. dictatorship.
Hindu-Muslim tensions.Hindu-Muslim tensions. Gender issues Gender issues honor honor killings.killings.
Terrorism.Terrorism. The Kashmir dispute and The Kashmir dispute and nuclear nuclear weapons. weapons.
Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues
in Pakistan todayin Pakistan today
Major problems & Major problems & Issues Issues
in Pakistan todayin Pakistan today
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What title would you give What title would you give this political cartoon?this political cartoon?
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The India-Pakistan Arms The India-Pakistan Arms Race Heats Up in the Late Race Heats Up in the Late
1990s1990s
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2002 Nuclear 2002 Nuclear StatisticsStatistics
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Is this a possibility?Is this a possibility?
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Issues Facing Modern India
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Dharavi area of Mumbai
.67 sq miles with a population over 1 million
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1.2 billion people