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![Page 1: E61 experiment - SNU · An intermediate water Cherenkov detector for the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment: Overview and Status E61 experiment ICRC2017- 12-20 July, Bexco, Busan, Korea](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051205/5ad84fa97f8b9a9d5c8d2262/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
An intermediate water Cherenkov detector for the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment:
Overview and Status
E61 experiment
ICRC2017- 12-20 July, Bexco, Busan, Korea
Evangelia Drakopoulou for the J-PARC E61 collaboration.
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• Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K): a 0.26 Mton water Cherenkov detector
• Main focus: measurement of the CP violation in the neutrino sector.
• Staged approach: 2nd tank after 6 years or in Korea
• Detector at 2.5o off the J-PARC beam axis narrow neutrino beam profile peaked at the P(νµ→νe) oscillation maximum of 0.6 GeV at 295 km.
J-PARCHyper-K
ICRC2017 2
The Hyper-Kamiokande experiment
More Hyper-K contributions at ICRC2017: • T. Yano – Astrophysical ν (poster) • S. Zsoldos – Hyper-K (talk: July 15th) • D. N. Yeum – Supernova ν (poster)
• Broad physics program: beam physics, solar, atmospheric and supernova neutrinos, proton decay, Earth tomography
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ICRC2017 3
• T2K/Super-K: smaller and running predecessor of Hyper-K • Hyper-K will measure the oscillated neutrino spectrum. • The observed neutrino event rate depends on many parameters: • Hyper-K: limited by systematic rather than statistical uncertainties • Main systematic uncertainty: relation between observables and Eν neutrino-nucleus interaction
models large uncertainties The E61 experiment: • measure the neutrino flux before oscillation is essential • direct measurement of the lepton kinematics
Oscillation probability
Neutrino Flux
Interaction Cross-section
Detector Efficiency
Detector Fiducial Mass
The Hyper-Kamiokande & the E61 experiment
measure cross sections on H2O directly
off-axis spanning technique
Gd doped water -neutron tagging
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ICRC2017 4
+ TITUS The E61 experiment
1 km
Phase 0 - Surface Detector
Phase1 ~1o- 4o off-axis angle
Ground level
Beam direction
• May 2017 E61 collaboration formed à merging NuPRISM and TITUS • E61 will be placed at approximately 1 km from J-PARC neutrino beam. • Staged approach: Phase-0: water Cherenkov detector on surface (ID: 6m tall, 8m diam.) Phase-1: the intermediate water Cherenkov detector underground
• Movable instrumented detector – placed in a 50 m deep pit • ID: 10m tall, 8m diameter - OD: 14m tall, 10m diameter
~7o-8o off-axis angle
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ICRC2017 5
The E61 experiment - Schedule
• Phase-0: 1 kTon water Cherenkov detector on surface ~ 3% precision measurement of σ(νe)/σ(νµ) Measure neutron multiplicities in neutrino-nucleus interactions Demonstrate the detector performance and calibration precision • Phase-1: intermediate water Cherenkov detector underground Improved σ(νe)/σ(νµ) measurement and of σ(νe)/σ(νµ)
Systematic uncertainties can be reduced from 4% to 1% with E61 Investigate relation between neutrino energy and lepton kinematics Measure neutron multiplicities in neutrino-nucleus interactions
Hyper-K: design construction
2018
Phase-0: design
Phase-1: design
2017 2026
operation
construction
20242021
operation
construction operation
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ICRC2017 6
• A detector that spans 1-4 degrees off the neutrino beam axis will measure the final states for varying neutrino spectra.
• E61 can observe the m u o n k i n e m a t i c distributions in each off-axis bin.
Off-axis spanning
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ICRC2017 7
Spectra at each off-axis bin
Off-axis spanning
Linear combinations: 600 MeV mono-energetic beam using slices in off-axis angles
Super-K oscillated flux Linear combination of E61 off-axis fluxes
Linear combinations and hypotheses for oscillation parameters reproduce the oscillated flux.
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ICRC2017 8
Benefits from neutron tagging: • Discrimination between νµ and νµ • Measure neutron multiplicity à reduce uncertainties between
neutrino interaction theoretical models • Improved purity of CCQE sample: better signal/background
separation, improved neutrino energy reconstruction
• 0.2% Gadolinium Sulphate (0.1% Gd)
• Captures ~90% neutrons • ~8MeV of gammas • ~25µs capture time (compared to ~200µs and 2.2MeV gammas from capture on H)
Neutron tagging
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ICRC2017 9
Multi-PMT concept for photon sensor: • Leveraging from KM3NeT mPMT design. • Finer granularity detection • Modular approach to PMT instrumentation. • Array of small (~3’’) PMTs – 19 for ID,7 for OD • Improved directional information & vertex
resolution.
Example of an event signature of a Cherenkov ring on the multi-PMTs.
Optical Modules
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ICRC2017 10
• Theoretical models have large uncertainties on the neutron multiplicity à lacking measurements
• Using the neutron tagging at E61 we can measure the neutron
multiplicity for CC0pi events at the beam energy • This can inform the neutrino interaction models • In supernova ν and proton decay analyses, the Hyper-K
analysis tags the neutron. The E61 neutron multiplicity measurement will help in reducing the errors on the expected number of neutrons.
The E61 experiment
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ICRC2017 11
• The Kamiokande detector, the ancestor of Super-Kamiokande, firstly observed ν from Supernova 1987A.
• Hyper-K: ν detection from supernova burst and SRN • E61 detector: too small size to allow for supernova ν
detection. • information to Super-K/Hyper-K searches for supernova ν:
measuring the number of neutrons can reduce backgrounds • Super-K has set the lower limit of proton lifetime using e+π0. • E61 can provide information to Super-K /Hyper-K searches • Neutron tagging: signal/background separation reduce the main background in e+π0: by atmospheric ν à requiring signal without neutrons can reject background events
Supernova ν & proton decay
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ICRC2017 12
• Hyper-K àcomplementary measurements for both accelerator and atmospheric neutrinos.
• These studies will begin from the Gd doped Super-K &
E61. • Neutron tagging: discrimination between neutrinos and anti-neutrinos improve atmospheric neutrino measurements in Hyper-K
Atmospheric ν
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ICRC2017 13
Summary
E61 collaboration newly formed from nuPRISM and TITUS:
§ An off-axis angle spanning water Cherenkov detector with Gd for neutron tagging.
§ E61 detector will help reduce theoretical model dependence and systematic uncertainties arising from neutrino-nucleus interactions in Hyper-K precise CP violation search.
§ Beam and atmospheric neutrinos studies: exploiting the benefits of neutron tagging in atmospheric measurements and proton decay searches.
§ 100 physicists - 30 institutions - 8 countries
§ E61 was granted Phase-1 approval in July 2016
§ Technical Design Report under development for final approval in 2018
§ E61 Phase-0 construction 2019 – first data 2021
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Thank you !
ICRC2017 14
Interior of Super-K
E61 experiment
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Backup
ICRC2017 15
E61 experiment
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ICRC2017 16
The E61 experiment Off-axis spanning
Spans 1-4 degrees from the neutrino beam axis.
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ICRC2017 17
Hyper-K has a broad physics program including: • Neutrino oscillation physics – CP
violation measurement Beam and atmospheric neutrinos • Search for nucleon decay • Neutrino astrophysics: Precision measurements of solar
neutrinos High statistics measurements of
neutrinos from supernova bursts Detection and study of relic supernova
neutrinos • Earth tomography using neutrinos
atmospheric neutrinos
solar neutrinos
supernova neutrinos
beam neutrinos
The Hyper-Kamiokande experiment
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ICRC2017 18
• Hyper-K will combine the complementary measurements from both accelerator and atmospheric neutrinos.
• These studies will begin from the Gd doped Super-K and E61 experiments.
• Neutron tagging: discrimination between neutrinos and anti-neutrinos improve atmospheric neutrino measurements in Hyper-K.
enhance the precision of δCP measurement
good sensitivity of more than 3σ after 5 years, more than 5σ after 10 years to the mass hierarchy
precision measurements of θ23 octant and ∆m23
The E61 experiment
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ICRC2017 19
• Super-K has set the lowest limit of proton lifetime. • E61 does not aim to provide a limit à information for Super-K/Hyper-
Kà showing the benefits of neutron tagging • Being ~ 10 times larger than Super-K, the Hyper-K detector will Tagging neutrons in E61 can allow to: • signal/background separation • reduce the main background in e+π0: by atmospheric neutrinos • requiring signal without neutrons reject background events • Measuring the neutron content in the cross section events important
input to the background determination for proton decays in Hyper-K.
Collect larger numbers of protons and reach Super-K limit within two years.
increase existing sensitivity to proton decay by an order of magnitude
The E61 experiment
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ICRC2017 20
Systematic Uncertainties
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ICRC2017 21
Systematic Uncertainties
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ICRC2017 22
Systematic Uncertainties
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ICRC2017 23
• The Kamiokande detector, the ancestor of Super-Kamiokande, firstly observed ν from Supernova 1987A.
• Hyper-K: ν detection from supernova burst and SRN • E61 detector: too small size to allow for supernova ν
detection. • Aim: provide information to Super-K/Hyper-K searches for
supernova ν
Supernova ν
Neutron tagging can: • Separate neutrinos from various radiogenic
and spallation backgrounds via neutron tagging detect diffuse supernova ν background.
• Identification of inverse beta decay events background reduction and flavor tagging of νe