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Seminar on
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E PAPER TECHNOLOGY
Presented byR.S.Gangannavar
Under The Guidance OfProf. M.S.JOLAD
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM
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Outline
• Introduction• Earlier Overview• Technology Used• How E Paper Works• Technical Aspects• Impact Of E Paper• Applications• Advantages and Disadvantages• Challenges Created By E Paper• The Future Scenario• Conclusion
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Introduction
• Traditional Papers• Reliable, Good Readability,
High Contrast
• E Paper• Reusable, Future paper
• Printed words cannot change
• No Backlight..!
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Earlier Overview
• Nicholus K Sheridon at Xerox research centre
• World 1st Office & Word Processing PC by Xerox
• Office PC’s Drawbacks
• 18 months -> Electronic Capillarity
• Unrealistic Work Schedule
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Technology UsedGyricon
Electrophoretic
Electro-wetting
Electro-fluidic
E Paper
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How E Paper Works..?
• E ink (Front plane)
• Electronics to generate Text & Image (Back plane)
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Technical Aspects
o Gyricon:-
• A plastic within which a liquid is encapsulated
•Bichromal front plane• Limitations ->
• Low brightness• Low resolution• Lack of colour
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Continued…o Electophoretic front plane:-• This technique is given by making some variation in Gyricon method
• 1 um tiny particle & Hyrdocarbon oil with a dark coloured dye
• Placed between two parallel conducting sheets with distance of 10 to 100 um
• Good in brightness and resolution
• Limitations:• Lack of colour• Low refresh rate• Flicker (Due to slow motion of particles from end to end)
• Unsuitable for displaying animations and video
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Continued…
• Cholesteric Liquid Crystal:• By IBM, HP & Philips• Most of drawbacks are overcome
o Electro-wetting:-• Controls shape of water/oil interface on application of
voltage else remains flat
• Features:• Fast switching• Low voltage• Video support
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Continued…
o Electro fluidic:- • Variation of electro-wetting display
• Tiny reservoirs employed
• Ex. Red Fluids
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Impact Of E Paper• US consumes world’s 1/3 of paper
• Cutting of trees
• Power consumption while production
•How we can contribute..?
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Applications
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Advantages
• Paper-like readability
• Ultra low power consumption
• Thin and Light in weight
• Perfect for mobile displays
• Twistable
• Simple Manufacturing process
• Reusable technology
• Ease in information downloading
• Libraries can be made
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Disadvantages
• Low refresh rate Example: Zooming
• Ghosting Solution: flash
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Challenges Created By E Paper
• Control over illegal downloads of e books
• Data for Advertisement
• Duties of Teachers and Publishers
• Print related activities, Employment and its resistance to change
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Future Scenario
• Newspapers
• E books
• Cylindrical devices
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Conclusion
Electronic ink is not intended to diminish or do away with traditional displays. Instead electronic ink will initially co-exist with traditional PAPER and other display technologies. In the long run, electronic ink may have a multibillion-dollar impact on the publishing industry. Ultimately electronic ink will permit almost any surface to become a display, bringing information out of the confines of traditional devices and into the world around us.
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Refrences[1]Crowley, J. M.; Sheridon, N. K.; Romano, L. "Dipole moments of gyricon balls" Journalof Electrostatics 2002, 55, (3-4), 247.[2] Comiskey, B.; Albert, J. D.; Yoshizawa, H.; Jacobson, J. "An electrophoretic ink for all-printed reflective electronic displays" Nature 1998, 394, (6690), 253-255.[3]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_paper.[4] Blankenbach K, Schmoll A, Bitman A, Bartels F and Jerosch D 2008 Novel highlyreflective and bistable electrowetting displays SID J. 16 237- 44 [5] Andersson, P.; Nilsson, D.; Svensson, P. O.; Chen, M.; Malmström, A.; Remonen, T.;Kugler, T.; Berggren, M. "Active Matrix Displays Based onAll-Organic Electrochemical Smart Pixels Printed on Paper" Adv Mater 2002, 14, (20), 1460-1464.[6] Huitema, H. E. A.; Gelinck, G. H.; van der Putten, J. B. P. H.; Kuijk, K. E.; Hart, C. M.;Cantatore, E.; Herwig, P. T.; van Breemen, A. J. J. M.; de Leeuw, D. M. "Plastic transistors inactive-matrix displays" Nature 2001, 414, (6864), 599. [7] http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/e-paper[8] Advertisementindia.com
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Queries…
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Thank You…