E-Governance of Bangladesh

E-GOVERNANCE

SUBMITTED TO

Md. Samsuzzaman

Lecturer

Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering

SUBMITTED BY

Abu Zafour

Roll No. 021; Reg. No. 00680

Level-IV, Semester-I

Faculty of Business Administration and Management

PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

Date of Submission: May 27, 2009

WHAT IS E-GOVERNANCE

It is the use of a range of modern information and communication technologies such as internet, local area networks, mobiles etc by Governments to improve effectiveness, efficiency, service delivery and to promote democracy. 1E-Governance04/10/23

WHAT IS E-GOVERNANCE E-governance is defined as the application of electronic means in—

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The interaction between government and citizens and government and businesses, as well as in internal government operations to simplify and improve democratic, government and business aspects of Governance. The term interaction stands for the delivery of government products and services, exchange of information, communication, transactions and system integration.

E-Democracy and E-Government

It refers to the processes and structures that encompass all forms of electronic interaction between the Government (elected) and the citizen (electorate).E-Government

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E-Democracy

It is a form of e-business in governance and refers to the processes and structures needed to deliver electronic services to the public (citizens and businesses), collaborate with business partners and to conduct electronic transactions within an organisational entity.

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The strategic objective of e-governance is to support and simplify governance for all parties - government, citizens and businesses.

Objectives of E-Governance

E-governance uses electronic means to support and stimulate good governance.

Therefore the objectives of e-governance are similar to the objectives of good governance. Good governance can be seen as an exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to better manage affairs of a country at all levels, national and local.

Objectives of E-Governance


Across the public sector organizations and institutions (G2G)

Between Government and Citizens (G2C)

Between Government and the Business Community (G2B)

The use of ICTs can connect all three parties and support processes and activities. It provides a common framework and direction in the implementation of Government Policies for the following:

Overall Goal of E-Governance


To make the Government more result oriented, efficient and citizen centered

E-Governance enables citizens and outside world to access Government Services and Information as efficiently as possible through the use of internet and other channels like mobile phones.

Example Madagascar Embassy in Washington D.C.!

Main Components of E-Governance


Government to Government Communication (G2G)

Government to Business Communication (G2B)

Government to Citizens Communication (G2C)

Basic Requirements for E-Governance Components


High and affordable Information and Internet infrastructure within Government Ministries, private sector and citizens

Extensive ICT Human Capacity development in Government, Private sectors and citizens

Legal Framework that recognizes and supports digital communication

E-Governance Model


Citizen

Business

NGOs

Civil Society

Central Government

Local Government

G2G

G2G

G2C G2BG2G

E-Governance Maturity Model


Early 90’s Information Presence

Mid 90’s Interaction Intake process

Present Transaction Complete transaction

Future Transformation Integration and organizational changes

Success Factors of E-Governance


In developing countries a lot of inhibitors exist. It is difficult to tell what is the main block, because a lot of basic aspects of Good Governance are not in place yet.

What the risk of implementing e-governance solutions can be in a certain phase and in the context of possible success (and fail) factors that are mentioned below.



Comfort zone

Conservative

High risk

Inhibiting FavouringContext

E-Governance phase

Figure: Assessing risks e-governance

Political stability (elections, democracy)

Level of trust in Government (perception of service levels)

The importance of Government identity (fragmentation or integration)

Economic structure (education, agriculture, industry or service)

Government structure (centralised or decentralised)

Different levels of maturity

Constituent demand (push or pull)


The following aspects have to be taken into account when examining the risk of implementing e-governance solutions


E-Governance in Bangladesh

Honorable Prime Minister herself has put great emphasis on identifying challenges in the implementation of nation-wide E-Governance and on initiating pilot projects in various sectors of the government through a project called the Support to ITC Task Force (SICT).


Ministry of Finance has customized software for budget planning, sensitivity analysis, impact analysis, financial projections and various reports.

E-Governance in Bangladesh

National Board of Revenue is computerizing the revenue budget procedure.

Both Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchange are highly computerized and networked, allowing citizens to trade with much more ease than before.

Ministry of Science and ICT creating web-sites containing information about various ministries.

Ministry of Communication provides online searchable database of contractor’s tenders and created a Project Monitoring System for tracking progress of the projects.


Challenges of E-Governance


Limited time to plan

Lengthy process for Legal Framework to support E-Governance

Insufficient telecom infrastructure to support E-Governance

Unaffordable Internet services for private sector & citizens

Limited ICT human capacity to support E-Governance

Challenges of E-Governance


FUNDING IS A MAIN CHALLENGE:

E-Governance is very capital intensive and no donor or consortium of donors can fully fund E-Governance Program

Private sector is a major beneficiary of E-Governance through increased access procurements and e-services. Can play a major funding role to subsidize E-Governance products


Suggested Approaches

Whenever possible, plan for all three components of e-governance, with as much detail as possible, including cost and ICT human capacity development projections

Do not forget to plan for change management across the board!

PLANNING

Suggested Approaches


Build consensus with as many players as possible and get champions in all sectors, especially the private sector. They have the funds and influence to support E-Governance

Pay close attention to Office of the President, Ministries of Telecom, Interior, Education, Justice, Regulator and private sector for holistic approach

Status of Other CountriesNo country in the world has achieved e-governance, not even the U.S.!

Every country is unique and needs to move within its unique environment

Most countries agree E-Governance is a continuous process that requires continuous planning before visible results

E-Governance stimulates E-COMMERCE

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E-Governance of Bangladesh

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