E A G L E 123 S E N T E N C E S K IN N Y 4 PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE YATS - URCLOSECLOSE 5 67 E MORE...
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Transcript of E A G L E 123 S E N T E N C E S K IN N Y 4 PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE YATS - URCLOSECLOSE 5 67 E MORE...
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ATHLONATHLON
ATHLONATHLON MEDAMEDALL
Presented to
International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators
Richardson, Texas
April 20, 2007
Presented by
Sgt. Steve Garst
Community Services Division
Little Elm Police Department, Texas
Campus Crime PreventionCampus Crime Prevention
Agenda
Key Concepts of Security & StrategiesKey Concepts of Security & Strategies
Security Surveys and Annual Security Surveys and Annual AssessmentsAssessments
Alarm SystemsAlarm Systems
Perimeter ControlPerimeter Control
Lighting Considerations and Safety ReinforcementLighting Considerations and Safety Reinforcement
Locks – a brief refresherLocks – a brief refresher
CameraCamerassTerrorismTerrorism
Crime Prevention Through Environmental DesignC.P.T.E.D.
The majority of the things The majority of the things related to CPTED are…related to CPTED are…
COMMON SENSE & COMMON SENSE & GOOD JUDGMENTGOOD JUDGMENT
Security Truism
ConveniencConveniencee KillsKills
SafetySafety
ConvenientConvenient
SafeSafe ConvenientConvenient
SafeSafe
Security Caveat
No security system can be made completely No security system can be made completely secure!secure!
Anything made by man can be defeated by Anything made by man can be defeated by man!man!
Four D’s of Crime Four D’s of Crime PreventionPrevention
1. Deter the criminal 1. Deter the criminal attackattack
2. Detect the attack2. Detect the attack
3. Delay the attack3. Delay the attack
4. Deny access to selected targets4. Deny access to selected targets
Natural SurveillanceNatural Surveillance
Natural Access Natural Access ControlControl
Territorial BehaviorTerritorial Behavior
MaintenanceMaintenance
Key CPTED ConceptsKey CPTED Concepts
Four Key Concepts of CPTED
1.) Natural Surveillance1.) Natural Surveillance
Place physical features, activities, andPlace physical features, activities, and people in a way that maximizes people in a way that maximizes visibility.visibility.
Public spaces, walks, etc. well Public spaces, walks, etc. well lighted atlighted at nightnight
Four Concepts – cont.
2.) Natural Access Control2.) Natural Access Control
Physically guiding people coming Physically guiding people coming and going from a space by and going from a space by strategically placing entrances, strategically placing entrances, exits, fences, landscaping and exits, fences, landscaping and lighting.lighting.
Four Concepts – cont.
3.) Territorial Reinforcement3.) Territorial Reinforcement
Using physical attributes that Using physical attributes that express ownership such as express ownership such as fences, pavement treatment, art, fences, pavement treatment, art, signage, and lighting.signage, and lighting.
Highway
Public Sidewalk
Green Belt
Your Driveway
Your Building Sidewalk
Fence or low landscaping
Your Building
Lighting
Grass, dirt, gravel, other area
Paving or Walk Material Different from Public Walk
Four Concepts – concluded
4.) 4.) Maintenance Maintenance
Allows for the continued use of Allows for the continued use of space for its intended purposespace for its intended purpose
Serves as additional expression of Serves as additional expression of ownershipownership
Prevents reduction of visibility Prevents reduction of visibility (overgrowth)(overgrowth)
1. Designation1. Designation
2. Definition2. Definition
3. Design3. Design
(90 % of mistakes made here)(90 % of mistakes made here)
Assessment of Space – 3 D’s
Selected Strategies
First…First…
Provide clear border definition of controlled Provide clear border definition of controlled space.space.
May be identified physically or May be identified physically or symbolically (mow yard)symbolically (mow yard)
Can include fence, shrubs, or signsCan include fence, shrubs, or signs
Underlying principal is that a Underlying principal is that a reasonable person will be able to reasonable person will be able to
recognize the transition from public to recognize the transition from public to privateprivate..
Strategies – cont.
Second…Second…Provides transitional zonesProvides transitional zones
Provide marked zones that indicate movement Provide marked zones that indicate movement from public to semipublic to private spacefrom public to semipublic to private space
Third…Third…Place safe activities in unsafe locationsPlace safe activities in unsafe locations
Serves as magnet for normal usersServes as magnet for normal users
Useful in school campus, parks, Useful in school campus, parks, offices… (smoking, valet parking, offices… (smoking, valet parking, children playing)children playing)
Strategies – cont.
Fourth…Fourth…Place unsafe activities in safe locationsPlace unsafe activities in safe locations
Laundromat in an apartment complexLaundromat in an apartment complex
Fifth…Fifth…
Redesign space to increase perception or Redesign space to increase perception or reality of natural surveillancereality of natural surveillance
Perception of surveillance is more Perception of surveillance is more powerful than actual surveillancepowerful than actual surveillance
SixthSixth
Relocate gathering areas to locations with Relocate gathering areas to locations with natural surveillance and access control or to natural surveillance and access control or to locations away from the view of would-be locations away from the view of would-be offendersoffendersSeventhSeventh
Redesign the use of space to provide natural Redesign the use of space to provide natural barriers to conflicting activitiesbarriers to conflicting activities
EighthEighth
Overcome distance and isolation through Overcome distance and isolation through improved communication and design improved communication and design efficienciesefficiencies
Strategies – cont.
Student Parking
School
Formal Gathering
Areas
Fencing or landscaping
Add Lighting
Add Lighting
Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Student Parking
Curb Line
Cu
rb
Lin
e
Fencing or low landscaping
Optional Gate
Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe (Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe PlacesPlaces
Main Street
School Building
Student Parking
Faculty,/Visitor Parking
Band and cheerleader practice in
student lot after school.
Activity is hidden.
Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places
Main Street
School Building
Student Parking
Faculty,/Visitor Parking
After hour parking for away athletic events. Lots of car burglaries or criminal mischief.
Driver’s Education
Training after school
Driveway
Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places
School Building
Student Parking
Faculty,/Visitor Parking
Move Driver’s Ed to back. Coming
and going will help watch
activity.
Place after-hour parking in front
Driveway
Main StreetSteve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.
Nine Points of Security Concern
1. General purpose of the building1. General purpose of the building
2. Hazards involving the building or 2. Hazards involving the building or occupantsoccupants3. Police or security 3. Police or security applicationsapplications4. Physical recommendations 4. Physical recommendations
(doors, windows, lightings, access (doors, windows, lightings, access points)points)5. Locks, key or card control5. Locks, key or card control
Nine Points - ContinuedNine Points - Continued
6. Alarms6. Alarms
7. Storage7. Storage
(money, expensive equipment, (money, expensive equipment, chemicals)chemicals)8. Signs8. Signs
9. Support staff9. Support staff
Cost-effectiveness
One of the most difficult concepts of securityOne of the most difficult concepts of security
We always have to consider what is being protectedWe always have to consider what is being protected
How important is it?How important is it?
Does the cost of protecting it outweigh it’s value?Does the cost of protecting it outweigh it’s value?
Three Lines of Defense
Perimeter Barriers - The first line of defensePerimeter Barriers - The first line of defense
Buildings exterior - Walls, floor and Buildings exterior - Walls, floor and roofroof
Building interiorBuilding interior
Perimeter Barrier… The First Line of
Defense
What is a barrier?What is a barrier?
Anything that restricts or obstructsAnything that restricts or obstructs
Intended for both physical Intended for both physical and psychological and psychological deterrencedeterrence
Maintenance
A very important, but often ignored A very important, but often ignored aspect…aspect…
Must be Must be inspectedinspected on a periodic basis to on a periodic basis to determine condition and guard against determine condition and guard against digging, damage, climbing aides, etc. digging, damage, climbing aides, etc.
Locks on gates and other openings in the Locks on gates and other openings in the barrier must be barrier must be inspected periodicallyinspected periodically and and
changedchanged at planned intervals at planned intervals
““BROKEN WINDOWS” conceptBROKEN WINDOWS” concept
Control Ingress and Egress
Serve as a channel for persons and Serve as a channel for persons and vehiclesvehicles
Must accommodate routine, expected Must accommodate routine, expected movementmovement
Must also consider Must also consider emergenciesemergencies
Must not deter from the overall value or Must not deter from the overall value or benefit of the barrier itselfbenefit of the barrier itself
Visibility Issues
Must Must NOTNOT obstruct visibility obstruct visibility
A solid barrier has two negative effects…A solid barrier has two negative effects…
• Provides a shield for unauthorized Provides a shield for unauthorized activityactivity• Prohibits visual inspection of the Prohibits visual inspection of the propertyproperty
Common Perimeter Barriers
Types of fencesTypes of fences
Expanded Metal
Expanded MetalPrivacyPrivacy
Wro
ught
Iron
Wro
ught
Iron Chain Link
Chain Link
Landscaping and Shrubbery
Insure optimum visibility of all possible Insure optimum visibility of all possible entrances and exitsentrances and exits
Locate shrubs eighteen (18) to twenty-four Locate shrubs eighteen (18) to twenty-four (24) inches away from all entrances and (24) inches away from all entrances and exitsexitsCut shrubs at least six (6) inches below Cut shrubs at least six (6) inches below window level, or no higher than eighteen (18) window level, or no higher than eighteen (18) inchesinchesTrim tall shrubs and trees for the ground up Trim tall shrubs and trees for the ground up to six (6) to eight (8) feet to assure visibilityto six (6) to eight (8) feet to assure visibility
Landscaping and Shrubbery – cont.
Separate hedges to prevent hidingSeparate hedges to prevent hiding
Recommend preventive measures that Recommend preventive measures that serve to increase the chances of serve to increase the chances of detectiondetectionGenerally, thick and thorny type bushes or Generally, thick and thorny type bushes or hedges are most recommended…buthedges are most recommended…but
……remember that they may be used to hide remember that they may be used to hide an intruderan intruder
Generally includes additional barriers, such Generally includes additional barriers, such as an alarm systemas an alarm system
Lighting
Proper lighting serves as one of the most Proper lighting serves as one of the most effective perimeter barriers availableeffective perimeter barriers available
Provides both a physical and Provides both a physical and psychological deterrencepsychological deterrence
Very efficient deterrentVery efficient deterrent
Partially restores some of the Partially restores some of the deterrence provided by daylightdeterrence provided by daylight
MUSTMUST……
Be functioning properlyBe functioning properly
Protect fixtures, switches, fuse Protect fixtures, switches, fuse boxesboxes
Lighting Recommendations
Be Be specificspecific on type of lighting on type of lighting recommendedrecommendedBest to have a minimum / maximum recommendationBest to have a minimum / maximum recommendation
MinimumMinimum can be can be done right done right nownow and usually and usually less costlyless costly
MaximumMaximum usually usually takes takes longerlonger and/or and/or more costlymore costly
Sometimes more light is not the answer. Sometimes more light is not the answer. May just need to adjust or re-direct what’s May just need to adjust or re-direct what’s therethere
Building Exterior – Second Line of
DefenseConsider principle points of entryConsider principle points of entry
DoorsDoors WindowWindowss
Roof Roof hatcheshatches
SkylightSkylightssFloorsFloors Storm Storm
sewerssewersIn other words…. Consider In other words…. Consider not only sides but top and not only sides but top and bottom.bottom.
Concessions made on the first line of Concessions made on the first line of defense should be made up for heredefense should be made up for here
Window air conditionerWindow air conditioner
Building Exterior Guidelines
Any opening larger than Any opening larger than nine (9) inches nine (9) inches squaresquare requires attention as a security issue requires attention as a security issue
Any opening on a wall less that Any opening on a wall less that eighteen eighteen (18) feet from the ground(18) feet from the ground requires requires attentionattention
Windows
Any window less than Any window less than eighteen (18) feeteighteen (18) feet from the ground is a possible entry point.from the ground is a possible entry point.
Any opening more than Any opening more than nine (9) inches nine (9) inches squaresquare is also a possible entry point is also a possible entry point
ReminderReminder
AdditionallAdditionallyyTo comply with security standards for To comply with security standards for
insurance purposes, all windows must insurance purposes, all windows must have two locks.have two locks.
Other Entry Points
Sewers, storm drains, manhole coversSewers, storm drains, manhole covers
(secure with chains, padlocks, bars, (secure with chains, padlocks, bars, grating)grating)
Roof / roof hatches / skylightsRoof / roof hatches / skylights
(make recommendations as (make recommendations as circumstances dictate)circumstances dictate)
Shafts, vents, ducts, fire escapesShafts, vents, ducts, fire escapes
(make recommendations as (make recommendations as circumstances dictate)circumstances dictate)
Interior Controls – Third Line of
DefenseComplex area and may vary Complex area and may vary considerably from building to buildingconsiderably from building to building
Considerations are:Considerations are:
LocksLocks
Key control
Key control
AlarmsAlarms
CamerasCameras
Metal detectors
Metal detectors
Type of Type of
glassglass
AccessAccess
Key Control
How many keys are out How many keys are out there?there?How do you know, for How do you know, for sure?sure?When was the last time building was re-When was the last time building was re-keyed?keyed?Who has keys?Who has keys?
What do they What do they open?open?Are there any reports of lost keys?Are there any reports of lost keys?
If ‘yes’, what action was taken?If ‘yes’, what action was taken?
Building Access
Is entry limited to certain doors?Is entry limited to certain doors?
Can secured doors be easily Can secured doors be easily defeated?defeated?What precautions are in place to prevent What precautions are in place to prevent defeat?defeat?Who unlocks / locks building?Who unlocks / locks building?
Locks… and what else?
Photo ID cards - StaffPhoto ID cards - Staff
Photo ID cards - StudentsPhoto ID cards - Students
Photo ID cards - VisitorsPhoto ID cards - Visitors
Proximity Card AccessProximity Card Access
Intrusion Alarms - Intrusion Alarms - OverviewOverview
Conduct basic check of the system.Conduct basic check of the system.
Can it be armed / disarmed as Can it be armed / disarmed as designed?designed? Does it dial in to dispatch?Does it dial in to dispatch?
When was code last changed?When was code last changed?
Are detectors located in appropriate Are detectors located in appropriate locations?locations? Are all detectors operational?Are all detectors operational?
Do all keypads work?Do all keypads work?
Cameras - Overview
Cameras have been documented as being effective in…Cameras have been documented as being effective in…
Deterring criminal activityDeterring criminal activity
Documenting criminal activityDocumenting criminal activity
Reducing property loss, thus reducingReducing property loss, thus reducing insurance premiums and related costsinsurance premiums and related costs Reducing personal injury incidentsReducing personal injury incidents
Providing court-approved Providing court-approved evidenceevidence Diffusing parental disputes of child’s Diffusing parental disputes of child’s activityactivity
Weather and other Shelter-in-Weather and other Shelter-in-PlacePlace
Red and Green DotsRed and Green Dots
Low costLow cost
Easy to installEasy to install
Easy to trainEasy to train
Easy to followEasy to follow
TerrorismTerrorism
High Value TargetsHigh Value Targets
Research LabsResearch Labs
HAZMET PotentialHAZMET Potential
Dignitary ProtectionDignitary Protection
TerrorismTerrorismBuilding IdentificationBuilding Identification
Roof (building) and Door Roof (building) and Door IdentificationIdentification
Unique building identifiersUnique building identifiers
Individual door numbering & orientationIndividual door numbering & orientation
Ex: (Bldg.) AEx: (Bldg.) A
Ex: A (building) - N (north) – D – (door)Ex: A (building) - N (north) – D – (door)
A-N-1, A-N-2, A-W-1, etc.A-N-1, A-N-2, A-W-1, etc.
TerrorismActive Active ShootersShooters
Plan for rapid response with less than idea, Plan for rapid response with less than idea, adequate preparation or redundancyadequate preparation or redundancy
Train, train, trainTrain, train, train
First responding officers MUST First responding officers MUST go togo to the the threatthreat
Purpose of the Annual Assessment
Threat AssessmentThreat Assessment
Plan of ActionPlan of Action
Evidence of Evidence of ImplementationImplementationEvaluationEvaluation
Assessment
Location of DeficiencyLocation of Deficiency
Precisely where on the campus is the item, Precisely where on the campus is the item, described in sufficient detail that anyone with described in sufficient detail that anyone with
a desire or need can locate it.a desire or need can locate it.
Observed DeficiencyObserved Deficiency
Describe the problem in as much detail as neededDescribe the problem in as much detail as needed
Assessment – cont.
Potential HazardPotential Hazard
Describe the potential harm that could Describe the potential harm that could occur as a result of the Observed occur as a result of the Observed
DeficiencyDeficiency
Recommendation(Recommendation(s)s)
List the specific suggestions you have to eliminate List the specific suggestions you have to eliminate the Observed Deficiency. May have more than the Observed Deficiency. May have more than
one suggestion, or may have a one suggestion, or may have a minimum/maximum requirement necessary to minimum/maximum requirement necessary to
correct the item. correct the item.
How do we systematically look at a building for security purposes?
Put yourself in the role of the intruderPut yourself in the role of the intruder
Test accessibility and vulnerabilityTest accessibility and vulnerability
Draw on your experience and Draw on your experience and knowledge of local conditions and knowledge of local conditions and MO’sMO’sConsider the total environmentConsider the total environment
Pay attention to Pay attention to detaildetail
Sgt. Steve GarstSgt. Steve Garst
Little Elm Police DepartmentLittle Elm Police DepartmentCommunity Services DivisionCommunity Services Division100 W. Eldorado Parkway100 W. Eldorado ParkwayLittle Elm, Texas 75068Little Elm, Texas 75068
Phones:Phones:
(972) 377-1885 Office(972) 377-1885 Office
(469) 853-3846 Cell (469) 853-3846 Cell
E-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]