Dynamics of International Dynamics of International InstitutionsInstitutions

Chapter 4Chapter 4

United NationsUnited Nations PurposesPurposes 5 Major Components5 Major Components

General AssemblyGeneral Assembly Adopts resolutionsAdopts resolutions

Security CouncilSecurity Council Main policy-setting bodyMain policy-setting body 5 permanent members5 permanent members

USUS United KingdomUnited Kingdom FranceFrance RussiaRussia ChinaChina

10 rotating members10 rotating members

United NationsUnited Nations

Economic and Social CouncilEconomic and Social Council Economic and social issuesEconomic and social issues Improve human rights, Improve human rights,

education, and health education, and health conditionsconditions

International Court of JusticeInternational Court of Justice Legal decisions between Legal decisions between

countriescountries 15 judges15 judges

SecretariatSecretariat Secretary-generalSecretary-general Administers programs and Administers programs and

policiespolicies

World Trade OrganizationWorld Trade Organization

Promote TradePromote Trade How?How?

Early Years of Early Years of CooperationCooperation International Trade International Trade

OrganizationOrganization General Agreement on General Agreement on

Tariffs and TradeTariffs and Trade Reduced tariffsReduced tariffs

World Trade World Trade OrganizationOrganization

Developing countriesDeveloping countries

Other OrganizationsOther Organizations

Organization for Economic Organization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentCooperation and Development ““Rich man’s club”Rich man’s club” Eliminate briberyEliminate bribery

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesCountries MembersMembers Short historyShort history

Economic IntegrationEconomic Integration

Four TypesFour Types Free trade areaFree trade area

NAFTANAFTA Customs unionCustoms union Common marketCommon market Complete economic integrationComplete economic integration

European UnionEuropean Union

European UnionEuropean Union

HistoryHistory World War IIWorld War II Marshall PlanMarshall Plan OEECOEEC OECDOECD Benelux UnionBenelux Union EFTAEFTA ECSCECSC EEC EEC EU EU

European UnionEuropean Union

Purpose of the UUPurpose of the UU Free movementFree movement Treaty of Rome (1957)Treaty of Rome (1957)

InstitutionsInstitutions European CommissionEuropean Commission Council of MinistersCouncil of Ministers Parliament of EUParliament of EU European Court of European Court of

JusticeJustice EU Court of First EU Court of First

InstanceInstance

European UnionEuropean Union

United States of EuropeUnited States of Europe RoadblocksRoadblocks

Problems with European UnionProblems with European Union Losing credibilityLosing credibility Federal systemsFederal systems FraudFraud EU ConstitutionEU Constitution

What has the EU accomplished?What has the EU accomplished? StandardsStandards TariffsTariffs US considerationsUS considerations

European Monetary UnionEuropean Monetary Union

Maastricht Treaty-1991Maastricht Treaty-1991 National currencies National currencies Euro Euro U.S. NegotiationsU.S. Negotiations Importance to U.S.Importance to U.S.

NAFTANAFTA

U.S.-Canada Free Trade AgreementU.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement 19891989

NAFTANAFTA January 1, 1994January 1, 1994 Environmental and labor lawsEnvironmental and labor laws

Expansion?Expansion? Effective?Effective?

Other Regional AgreementsOther Regional Agreements

Association of Association of Southeast Asian Southeast Asian NationsNations 19671967 10 members10 members Economic growth and Economic growth and

regional peaceregional peace European Free Trade European Free Trade

AssociationAssociation 19601960 Response to EUResponse to EU Source: asean.or.jp

Other Regional AgreementsOther Regional Agreements

African UnionAfrican Union 19991999 Move from apartheid Move from apartheid

and colonization and colonization

Central American Free Central American Free Trade AssociationTrade Association 20032003 U.S. and other countriesU.S. and other countries What does it do?What does it do?

Source: ustda.gov

Other Regional AgreementsOther Regional Agreements

Organization of American StatesOrganization of American States 19481948 35 members (including U.S.)35 members (including U.S.) ““Promote cooperation within the region”Promote cooperation within the region”

Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 19891989 21 countries (including U.S.)21 countries (including U.S.) ““Promote open trade and economic Promote open trade and economic

cooperation”cooperation”

Other Regional AgreementsOther Regional Agreements MercosurMercosur

19911991 ““Common market of the Common market of the

South”South” 5 members (Argentina, 5 members (Argentina,

Brazil, Paraguay, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela) Uruguay, and Venezuela) & 7 associate members& 7 associate members

Growing tradeGrowing trade Andean CommunityAndean Community

4 members (Bolivia, 4 members (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) & 5 associate& 5 associate