Dutch approach for better performance of your poultry ... · PDF fileDutch approach for better...
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Dutch approach for better performance of your poultry business:
What do eggs tell us about diseases?
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Introduction Josje Hakker
• Qualified as Doctor of Veterinary Medicine in 2005
• Worked as a veterinary surgeon in the UK and Holland
• Currently working as Technical Manager at Kepro since January 2014
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Eggshell colour
Source: www. worldpoultry.net
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Natural antibodies
• Natural antibodies Nab: Antigen binding antibodies present in individuals in the absence of immunization, vaccination or previousinfection with this antigen.
• First line of defence: likely to contribute todisease resistence.
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Explanation NAb
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Conclusion study
“If eggs have a whiter eggshell: NAb levels in the offspring are higher. If eggs have a stronger eggshell, then NAb levels in the offspring are lower.”
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Decreased egg quality
• Diseases
– Biosecurity
• Feed
• Stress/climate
• Storage and transport
• Genetics
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Egg quality
• Egg shell
• Flavour
• Residues of antibiotics
• Albumen viscosity
• Colour of egg yolk
Fresh egg
Egg 1-2 weeks
Egg over 3 weeks old
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Anatomy
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Which disease?
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Infectious Bronchitis
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Pathology Infectious Bronchitis
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Infectious Bronchitis
• Infectious Bronchitis Virus
• Transmission by inhalation/ingestion
• Incubation time 18-36 hours
• Symptoms
• Treatment
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Treatment
• NONE• In case of disease: decrease protein levels
in ration to support kidneys• Give electrolytes, vitamins and minerals
• Prevention:• Vaccination• Biosecurity• Environmental temperature• Good air quality• No overcrowding• Nutrients
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Which disease?
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Newcastle disease
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Newcastle disease
• Treatment: NONE
• International control policies
• Prevention: • Vaccination
• Biosecurity
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Which disease?
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Egg drop syndrome
• Adenovirus
• Affects egg quality
• Signs:
– Watery diarrhea
– Deformed eggs
– Eggs with weakened shell
– Eggs with no shell
– Pale eggs
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Egg drop syndrome
• Vertical transmission
• Horizontal infection of the flock during lay
• Direct contact with domestic ducks or geese or the use of a water supply contaminated with wildfowl droppings
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Transmission
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Prevention/treatment
• Treatment: none
• Prevention:
– Only use new egg trays (or egg trays that stay on farm) or disinfect plastic egg trays
– Seperate chickens from waterfowl (duck, geese)
– If drinking water is contaminated: disinfect drinkingwater
– Vaccination
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Which disease?
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Mycoplasma (MG)
• Bacteria
• Horizontal and vertical transmission
• Carrier birds (Free ranging local chickens)
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Clinical signs
• Airsacculitis
• CRD (Chronic Respiratory Disease)
• Tracheal rales
• Nasal discharge
• Coughing
• Feed consumption
• Broilers: signs of disease after 4 weeks
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Clinical signs
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Prevention
• Get chicks from hatcheries that are MG free
• Get chicks from vaccinated flocks only
• Biosecurity
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Treatment
• Erythromycin
• Oxytetracycline
• Chlortetracycline
• Doxycycline
• Tylosin
• Flumequine
• Enrofloxacin
• Tilmicosin
Watch out: carriers!!!
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Conclusion
• Check management (vaccination, lighting, feed)
• Biosecurity (including egg trays)
• Recognise disease
• Ask veterinary advice
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Farm with biosecurity
Birds
Feed
Hygiëne barrier
House
Gate
Fence
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Decreased egg quality
• Diseases
– Biosecurity
• Feed
• Stress/climate
• Storage and transport
• Genetics
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Examination of egg productionproblems
• Clinical examination chickens
• Blood test
• History
• Egg quality
• Information on the rearing period
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Clinical examination chickens
• Any disease symptoms?
• Weigh chickens weekly: notice changes
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Blood test
• Take blood samples from 24 birds all over the house at the beginning of production losses
• Take blood samples again 3-4 weeks later
• In case of disease, antibodies will show up
• Test for antibodies against IB, EDS, TRT, Mg, Msand Avian encephalomyelitis
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History
• Production curve
• Mortality percentage
• Age of birds at 50% production
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Egg quality
• Egg weight and uniformity
• Shell quality
• Internal egg quality
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Rearing period
• Body weight and uniformity
• Transition from rearing to production period
• Vaccination schedule
• Autopsy reports
• Lighting programme
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Vaccination schedule
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Lighting programme
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Questions?
Thanks for your attention!