DUPONT™ VESPEL® TP-8000 SERIES

Thermoplastic polyimide products offer the design engineer practical, cost-competitive solutions to difficult problems in high temperature applications. Vespel® TP-8000 Series parts are specified in high performing applications where thermal stability, electrical properties, wear and friction behavior are required in mechanical components that are designed to accommodate injection molding or other melt-processing technologies.

Today’s competitive markets place a premium on the role of the design engineer, both in designing new products and redesigning existing ones. Therefore, the intent of this manual is to provide assistance to designers, during selection, testing and specification of Vespel® TP-8000 Series parts.

This design manual contains comprehensive physical property and performance data on the TP-8000 Series resins. All of the data in the sections that follow are the result of physical property testing conducted by DuPont or its partners. The selection of data for this manual has been made in consultation with design engineers responsible for DuPont™ Vespel® TP-8000 Series applications. End-use testing is always recommended.

DUPONT™ VESPEL® TP-8000 SERIESDESIGN HANDBOOKSUITABLE FOR MECHANICAL COMPONENTS REQUIRING THERMAL AND CHEMICAL RESISTANCE, LOW WEAR AND FRICTION, AND ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE

Table of Contents Page

Introduction 1

Fabrication Methods 1

Defining the End-Use Requirements 1

Prototyping the Design 2

Machining from Rod or Plaque Stock 2

Prototype Tool

Preproduction Tool 2

Testing the Design 2

Writing Meaningful Specifications 2

Performance Properties 3

Mechanical Properties 3

Thermal Properties 3

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis 3

Thermal Aging 6

Flexural Creep 6

Flexural Fatigue 7

Tribological Properties 7

Electrical Properties 8

Environmental Properties 9

Chemical Exposure 9

Radiation Exposure 10

Outgassing Performance 10

Appendices 11

A — Design Check List 11

B — Stress/Strain Curves as a Function of Temperature in Tension and Compression 12

C — Flexural Creep 14

D — Chemical Resistance Data 15

List of Tables Page

1. Vespel® TP-8000 Series Overview 1

2. Typical Properties (English Units) 4

3. Typical Properties (SI Units) 5

4. Suzuki Thrust Wear Test Results — Dry 7

5. Suzuki Thrust Wear Test Results — Lubricated 8

6. Dielectric Constant/Dissipation Factor and Dielectric Strength 8

7. Surface and Volume Resistivity 8

8. TP-8054 Chemical Resistance — 10 Day Immersion 9

9. TP-8054 Chemical Resistance — 30 Day Immersion 9

10. Property Retention after Oil Exposure at Elevated Temperature 10

11. Property Retention of TP-8054 Film after Fuel or Oil Exposure 10

12. Outgassing Performance Data 10

D Chemical Resistance Data for TP-8054 Film 15

List of Figures Page

1. Tensile Strength as a Function of Temperature 3

2. Flexural Strength as a Function of Temperature 3

3. Compression Strength as a Function of Temperature 3

4. DMA Curve for TP-8054 6

5. DMA Curve for TP-8130 6

6. Tensile Strength Retention of TP-8054 after Aging 6

7. Elongation Retention of TP-8054 after Aging 6

8. Flexural Creep 7

9. Flexural Fatigue 7

10. Suzuki Thrust Wear Test Schematic 7

11. Dielectric Strength IEC 60243 8

12. Dissipation Factor IEC 60250 8

13. Dielectric Constant IEC 60250 8

14. Vespel® TP-8556 Tensile Strength and Notched Charpy Impact Performance After Aging Exposure in 212B ATF Fluid 10

A-1 Design Check List 11

B-1 TP-8054 Stress/Strain in Tension 12







B-8 TP-8054 Stress/Strain in Compression 13







C-1 TP-8054 Flexural Creep 14







1

INTRODUCTIONDuPont™ Vespel® TP-8000 series of products are primarily semi-crystalline polyimide having a Tg of 250 °C (482 °F) and a Tm of 388 °C (730 °F). However, the molded products are amorphous because the crystallization speed is slower than that of typical semi-crystalline polymers. TP-8000 can be used up to 240 °C (464 °F) in the as-molded amorphous state; however, it can be used above 240 °C up to 320 °C (608 °F) when crystallized after molding. Contact DuPont for information on amorphous grades.

The TP-8000 series includes several different products that cover a wide array of high temperature and high wear applications. The table below gives a brief overview of the product offering. While this design manual covers several TP-8000 grades, specialty grades are also available.

Fabrication Methods Because TP-8000 series products are thermoplastic, they can be fabricated into articles using melt processing techniques such as injection molding, extrusion, and thermoforming. This processing flexibility gives design engineers increased geometric options to creatively solve design problems without the added cost of a secondary machining operation. Furthermore, given the geometric flexibility that comes with these processes, multiple components may be incorporated into a single part, reducing tooling, inventory and part handling costs. When metal or ceramic mating components are required, insert-molding Vespel® TP is an option, adding more design flexibility and overall part functionality.

Table 1 Vespel® TP-8000 Series Overview

Vespel® TP Grade Nominal Composition Performance Overview Typical Applications

TP-8054 UnfilledGeneral purpose unfilled grade used in insulating applications.

Electrical bushings, thermal and electrical Insulator rings and pads, connectors, switches

TP-8395 PTFE, Filler BlendUsed for wear applications where the countersurface is highly polished or a soft metal.

Wear rings, washers, seal rings

TP-8212Glass Fiber Filled High modulus grade used in insulating

applications that do not require wear resistance (Glass is aggressive towards countersurface).

Brackets, thermal and electrical insulators

TP-8130Carbon Fiber Filled,

LubricatedInternally lubricated, high modulus grade used in both dry and lubricated wear environments.

Thrust washers, bushings bearings, wear pads and strips


LubricatedMedium modulus grade used in both dry and lubricated wear environments.

Fairings, wear strips and pads


Lubricated

High modulus grade similar to TP-8130 but offers improved wear performance and chemical resistance.

Thrust washers, bushings bearings, wear pads and strips


PTFE Filled

Similar in strength to TP-8311 with better wear resistance at high speeds in lubricated environments.

Seal rings, piston rings, vanes

TP-8556Carbon Fiber Filled, PTFE, Filler Blend

Similar to TP-8792 but with better dimensional stability.

Seal rings, thrust washers

Defining the End-Use RequirementsThe most important first step in designing a plastic part is to define properly and completely the environment in which the part will operate. Properties of plastic materials are substantially altered by temperature, chemical exposure, and applied stress. These environmental effects must be defined on the basis of both short and long term exposure conditions. Time under stress and environment is important in determining the extent to which properties, and thus the performance of the part will be affected. If a part is to be subject to temperature changes in the end-use, it is not enough to define the maximum temperature to which the part will be exposed. The total time the part will be at that temperature during the design life of the device must also be calculated. The same applies to stress resulting from an applied load. If the stress is applied intermittently, the time it is applied and the frequency of occurrence is important. Plastic materials are subject to creep under applied stress and the creep rate is accelerated with increasing temperature. If loading is intermittent, whether or not the plastic part recovers depends upon the stress level, the duration of time the stress is applied, the length of time the stress is removed or reduced, and the temperature during each time period. The effect of chemicals, lubricants, and other agents is likewise time and stress dependent. Some materials may not be affected in the unstressed state, but will stress crack when stressed and exposed to the same reagent over a period of time. A design checklist is included in Appendix A to serve as a guide when defining the end-use requirements.

2

Prototyping the DesignIn order to move a part from the design stage to commercial reality, it is often necessary to produce prototype parts for testing and modification. The preferred method for making prototypes is to simulate as closely as practical the same process by which the parts will be made in commercial production. The discussion that follows will describe the various methods used for making prototypes, together with their advantages and disadvantages.

Machining from Rod or Plaque StockThis method is commonly used where the design is very conceptual and only a small number of prototypes are required, and where relatively simple part geometry is involved. Machining of complex shapes can be expensive, but machined parts can be used to help refine part design. Machined prototypes are not recommended for final evaluation prior to commercialization. The reasons are as follows:

• Properties such as strength, toughness and elongation may be lower than that of the molded part because of machine tool marks on the machined prototype.

• If fiber reinforced resin is required, the effects of fiber orientation can differ. It is common for machined parts from fiber filled product to have less than half the strength than that in molded form. Furthermore, if machined parts will be used for wear testing, the exposed fiber ends for fiber filled resins might lead to different results versus actual performance from a molded article.

• Surface characteristics such as knockout pin marks, gate marks and mold parting line found in molded parts will not be represented in the machined part.

• The effect of knit lines in molded parts cannot be studied in a machined prototype.

• Dimensional stability may be misleading due to differences in internal stresses and fiber orientation, if fiber reinforced products are used.

• Density gradient or voids often found in the center of thick rod and plaque stock can reduce part strength. Likewise, the effect of voids sometimes present in thick sections of a molded part cannot be evaluated.

• There may be a limited selection of resins available in rod or plaque stock.

Prototype ToolA better alternative to machined prototypes is to mold the part in a prototype tool. This approach better simulates a production molded part. Basic information will then be available to account for mold shrinkage, fiber orientation and gate position. This type of tool will provide parts which are more suitable for end-use testing. Prototype mold tools can potentially be modified to

accommodate changes in geometry and dimensions. Prototype tools have a limited life and should not be used to support commercial production.

Preproduction ToolThe best approach for precision parts is the construction of a preproduction tool. This can be a single cavity mold, or a single cavity in a multi-cavity mold base. The cavity will have been machine finished but not hardened, and therefore some alterations can still be made. It will have the same cooling as the production tool so that any problems related to warpage and shrinkage can be studied. With the proper knockout pins, the mold can be cycled as though on a production line so that cycle times can be established. Most importantly, parts can be evaluated for dimensions and geometry, strength, impact, wear, and other physical properties in the actual or simulated end-use environment.

Testing the DesignEvery design should be thoroughly tested while still in the prototype stage. Early analysis of design options and validations of assumptions will save time, labor, and material. The following are general options for validating the final design:

• Actual end-use testing is the best test of the prototype part. All performance requirements are encountered here, and a complete evaluation of the design can be made.

• Simulated service tests can be conducted. The value of such tests depends on how closely end-use conditions are duplicated. For example, an under hood automotive part might be given temperature, vibration and hydrocarbon resistance tests; a bracket might be subjected to abrasion and impact tests; and an electronic component might undergo tests for electrical and thermal insulation.

• Field testing is highly recommended. However, long-term field or end-use testing to evaluate the important effects of time under load and temperature is sometimes impractical or uneconomical. Accelerated test programs permit long-term performance predictions based upon short term “severe” tests; but good judgment is necessary. The relationship between long versus short term accelerated testing is not always known. Your DuPont representative should be consulted when accelerated testing is contemplated.

Writing Meaningful SpecificationsA specification is intended to satisfy functional, aesthetic and economic requirements by controlling variations in the final product. The designers’ specifications should be clear, consistent and exact reasonable tolerances. Specifications should outline the following part attributes:

• Desired parting line locations and allowable mismatch

• Flash limitations

3

• Permissible gating and knit line areas (away from critical stress points)

• Permissible knockout pin locations and allowable mismatch

• Location where voids and sink are intolerable

• Allowable warpage

• Tolerances

• Part marking technique and location

• As-molded versus machined surfaces

• Cleaning and packaging requirements

• Specify Vespel® TP family

PERFORMANCE PROPERTIESDuPont™ Vespel® TP-8000 Series products are near the top of the engineering polymers performance pyramid. The following sections will illustrate the capability of these products across a broad temperature range and demonstrate their potential use in a wide variety of demanding applications. Typical properties are summarized in Tables 2 and 3.

Mechanical PropertiesVespel® TP-8000 series products offer excellent mechanical performance in demanding environments, particularly at high temperature. These products are candidates for fabrication of components used in elevated temperature environments.

Figures 1–3 show mechanical performance across a broad temperature range. TP-8000 retains significant strength even at temperatures as high as 150 °C (302 °F), beyond the capabilities of many other thermoplastic materials.

Since designers also are interested in the stress-strain behavior, stress-strain curves for each grade in tension and compression are provided in Appendix B.

Thermal PropertiesDynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)Although heat deflection temperature (HDT) is an indicator of how a material will perform at elevated temperatures, DMA offers more insight into how a material might respond in a given environment.

DMA provides valuable data for characterizing the thermal performance of polymers. DMA measures the amplitude and phase of a sample’s displacement in response to an applied oscillating force. The stiffness of the sample is calculated from this data and converted to a modulus to enable inter-sample comparison. Tan δ, the loss tangent or damping factor, is also calculated. A temperature scan at constant frequency can generate a fingerprint of the material’s relaxational processes and its glass transition temperature (Tg).

Figure 1. Tensile Strength as a Function of Temperature (ISO 527)

Figure 2. Flexural Strength as a Function of Temperature (ISO 178)

Figure 3. Compression Strength as a Function of Temperature (ISO 604)

—

50

100

150

200

250

300

–50 0 50 100 150 200

Tens

ile S

treng

th, M

Pa

Temperature, °C

TP-8054 TP-8395 TP-8212 TP-8130 TP-8311 TP-8792TP-8549

Temperature, °F–58 32 122 212 302 392

—

7.25

14.50

21.75

29.0

36.25

43.51

Tens

ile S

treng

th, k

si

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Flex

ural

Str

engt

h, M

Pa

Temperature, °C

TP-8054 TP-8395 TP-8212 TP-8130 TP-8311 TP-8792TP-8549

32 68 104 140 176 212 248 284 320

Flex

ural

Str

engt

h, k

si

Temperature, °F

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

7.25

14.50

21.75

29.0

36.25

43.51

50.76

58.01

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Com

pres

sion

Str

engt

h, M

Pa

Temperature, °C

TP-8054 TP-8395 TP-8212 TP-8130 TP-8311 TP-8792TP-8549

32 68 104 140 176 212 248 284 320

14.50

21.75

29.0

36.25

43.51

50.76

Temperature, °F

Com

pres

sion

Str

engt

h, k

si

4

Properties Test Method Units TP-8054 TP-8395 TP-8212 TP-8130 TP-8311 TP-8549 TP-8792 TP-8556

Mechanical

Tensile Strength, –40 °F73 °F

212 °F302 °F

ISO 527 kpsi 15.412.3

7.37.0

12.59.97.05.5

23.021.314.214.0

32.429.523.219.2

35.225.320.918.4

37.330.222.320.1

28.226.222.518.3

—20.6

—15.4

Tensile Elongation, –40 °F73 °F

212 °F302 °F

ISO 527 % 1392

10294

91478

2211

1111

1222

1111

2221

—2

—2

Tensile Modulus, –40 °F73 °F

212 °F302 °F

ISO 527 kpsi 22016310890

213 175151117

1,4901,490

943865

3,7803,2603,1703,050

4,1001,6201,5601,930

3,9203,5303,3002,770

2,1002,4102,2302,160

————

Flexural Strength, 32 °F73 °F

302 °F

ISO 178 kpsi —19.912.8

—17.0

—

—35.025.0

51.348.732.9

39.637.527.7

55.251.930.8

42.640.328.7

—26.418.9

Flexural Modulus, 32 °F73 °F

302 °F

ISO 178 kpsi —427370

377——

—1,4001,200

3,0003,0542,854

1,4301,5021,391

3,1483,1422,774

1,9602,0471,926

—1,4001,470

Compressive Strength, 32 °F

73 °F302 °F

ISO 604 kpsi—

37.122.3

—33.820.9

—48.032.0

44.845.032.0

33.231.821.6

44.244.427.7

29.429.721.0

—23.6

—

Compressive Modulus, 32 °F

73 °F302 °F

ISO 604 kpsi—

197166

—197182

—391365

410445434

348413365

426417388

403387389

———

Izod Impact Strengthnotched

ASTM D256 ft-lbs/in1.7 1.5 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.2

Poisson’s Ratio 0.34 0.29 0.30 0.45 0.43 0.48 0.46 —

Thermal

Deflection TemperatureUnder Load, 264 psi

ASTM D648 °F460 446 475 475 475 462 475 471

Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion

Flow DirectionCross-Flow Direction

ASTM E228 73–302 °F

10–5 in/in/°F

2.72.9

2.72.9

0.92.9

0.32.6

0.92.8

0.62.0

0.32.9

0.42.0

Thermal Conductivity ASTM C177 2.32 — 4.52 — — — — —

Specific Heat73 °F

212 °F572 °F

DSC BTU/lb°F0.240.240.34

———

0.230.230.32

———

———

———

———

———

Electrical

Dielectric Constant1 kHz

1 MHz

IEC 602502.92.9

3.13.0

3.43.3

100.643.2

6.76.0

70.234.3

28.113.1

——

Dissipation Factor1 kHz

1 MHz

IEC 602500.0010.006

0.0010.006

0.0020.006

3.7960.212

0.0390.019

0.5240.162

0.2600.116

——

Dielectric Strength IEC 60243 kV/mm 30.9 28.3 30.3 — — — — —

Surface Resistivity IEC 60093 Ohm/Sq 5.0E+17 3.3E+16 1.4E+17 1.8E+06 2.7E+14 8.4E+06 3.9E+11 —

Volume Resistivity IEC 60093 Ohm-cm 5.0E+17 8.7E+17 9.1E+16 1.4E+06 1.3E+15 1.2E+07 2.1E+10 —

General

Specific Gravity ASTM D 792 1.33 1.38 1.56 1.43 1.35 1.42 1.46 1.46

Water Absorption, 24 hr at 73 °F

ASTM D 570 % 0.34 0.20 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.08 0.20 0.20

Table 2 Typical Properties (English Units)

5

Table 3 Typical Properties (SI Units)

Properties Test Method Units TP-8054 TP-8395 TP-8212 TP-8130 TP-8311 TP-8549 TP-8792 TP-8556

Mechanical

Tensile Strength, –40 °C23 °C

100 °C150 °C

ISO 527 MPa 106855048

86684838

1581479896

223203160132

243174144127

257208154138

194181155126

—142

—106

Tensile Elongation, –40 °C23 °C

100 °C150 °C

ISO 527 % 1392

10294

91478

2211

1111

1222

1111

2221

—2

—2

Tensile Modulus, –40 °C23 °C

100 °C150 °C

ISO 527 MPa 1,5201,120

742621

1,470 1,2101,040

804

10,20010,2006,5006,000

26,10022,50021,90021,000

28,30011,20010,70013,300

27,00024,30022,80019,100

14,40016,60015,40014,900

————

Flexural Strength, 0 °C23 °C

150 °C

ISO 178 MPa —13788

—117—

—241172

353336227

273258191

380358212

294278198

—182130

Flexural Modulus, 0 °C23 °C

150 °C

ISO 178 MPa —2,9422,549

—2,598

—

—9,6468,268

20,67021,04219,664

9,85310,3499,584

21,69021,64819,113

13,50414,10413,270

—9653

10135

Compressive Strength, 0 °C

23 °C150 °C

ISO 604 MPa—

256154

—233144

—331220

309310220

229219149

305306191

203205145

—163

—

Compressive Modulus, 0 °C

23 °C150 °C

ISO 604 MPa—

13581144

—13581254

—26952516

282630682992

239928472516

293728752675

277826682682

———

Izod Impact Strengthnotched

ASTM D256 J/m90.8 80.1 117.5 110 96 106 110 112

Poisson’s Ratio 0.34 0.29 0.30 0.45 0.43 0.48 0.46 —

Thermal

Deflection TemperatureUnder Load, 1.8 MPa

ASTM D648 °C238 230 246 246 246 239 246 244

Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion

Flow DirectionCross-Flow Direction

ASTM E228 10–5 cm/cm/°C

4.95.2

4.95.2

1.65.2

0.54.7

1.65.1

1.13.6

0.55.2

0.73.6

Thermal Conductivity ASTM C177 W/m K 0.17 — 0.34 — — — — —

Specific Heat23 °C

100 °C300 °C

DSC kJ/°C kg1.01.01.0

———

0.960.961.30

———

———

———

———

———

Electrical

Dielectric Constant1 kHz

1 MHz

IEC 602502.92.9

3.13.0

3.43.3

100.643.2

6.76.0

70.234.3

28.113.1

——

Dissipation Factor1 kHz

1 MHz

IEC 602500.0010.006

0.0010.006

0.0020.006

3.7960.212

0.0390.019

0.5240.162

0.2600.116

——

Dielectric Strength IEC 60243 kV/mm 30.9 28.3 30.3 — — — — —

Surface Resistivity IEC 60093 Ohm/sq 5.0E+17 3.3E+16 1.4E+17 1.8E+06 2.7E+14 8.4E+06 3.9E+11 —

Volume Resistivity IEC 60093 Ohm-cm 5.0E+17 8.7E+17 9.1E+16 1.4E+06 1.3E+15 1.2E+07 2.1E+10 —

General

Specific Gravity ASTM D 792 1.33 1.38 1.56 1.43 1.35 1.42 1.46 1.46

Water Absorption, 24 hr at 23 °C

ASTM D 570 % 0.34 0.20 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.08 0.20 0.20

6

Figures 4 and 5 show the DMA results for TP-8054 and TP-8130, respectively. These curves are most helpful to designers seeking to identify the Tg and understand the stiffness behavior of a component as temperature changes. The DMA curve provides the designer a better understanding of the dimensional stability and retention of mechanical propeties of precision parts, especially at elevated temperatures.

Thermal AgingTP-8000 Series resins offer long-term thermal stability at elevated temperatures. To help illustrate this performance, test specimens were aged at 200 °C (392 °F) for 5000 hours while monitoring their tensile strength and elongation retention. Figure 6 shows retention of tensile strength even after 5000 hr at 200 °C (392 °F). Figure 7 shows a significant retention of elongation after the same period.

Figure 4. DMA Curve for TP-8054

Figure 5. DMA Curve for TP-8130

Figure 6. Tensile Strength Retention of TP-8054 after Aging at 200 °C (392 °F) (ISO 527)

80.0

100.0

120.0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

Rete

ntio

n, %

Hours

Figure 7. Elongation Retention of TP-8054 after Aging at 200 °C (392 °F) (ISO 527)

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Elon

gatio

n Re

tent

ion,

%

Hours0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Stor

age

Mod

ulus

, MPa

350

400

300

200

100

0

Loss

Mod

ulus

, MPa

Tan

Del

ta

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Temperature, °C

25.00 °C2510 MPa1. Hz

235.43 °C323.1 MPa1. Hz

250.13 °C1.4601. Hz

250.50 °C0.006135 MPa1. Hz

32 122 212 302 392 482 572 662Temperature, °F

25.00 °C9953MPa1Hz

238.26 °C1845MPa1Hz

246.90 °C0.81081Hz

271.77 °C0.26661Hz

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Tan

Delta

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Loss

Mod

ulus

(MPa

)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Stor

age

Mod

ulus

(MPa

)

0040030020010Temperature (°C)

DMA Multi-Frequency - Dual Cantilever

DMA

Universal V3.9A TA Instruments

Flexural CreepPlastics tend to deform over time when exposed to a sustained load. This is known as creep. The designer should account for creep in applications where the components are exposed to a long-term load. Like other performance attributes, creep will be influenced by the magnitude of the applied load as well as the temperature at which the load is applied. The flexural creep performance for TP-8000 products at 23 °C (73 °F) and 48 MPa (7,000 psi) is shown in Figure 8. Typically, unfilled or lightly filled products will exhibit higher initial strain and creep, as seen here. Appendix C contains flexural creep data for select grades at elevated temperature.

7

Flexural FatigueSome applications stress components by cyclical loading or vibration. Flexural, compressive, shear (twist) or tensile loading may result. Repeated cyclic loading causes a deterioration of mechanical performance and potentially leads to complete failure. Fatigue resistance data is important to designers for any part that will be used in an application that involves cyclic loading such as gears, rollers or components in vibrating equipment. Figure 9 shows the flexural fatigue performance of select TP-8000 grades.

Figure 9. Flexural Fatigue at 75 kHz (ASTM D 671)

Figure 8. Flexural Creep at 23 °C (73 °F)/48 MPa (7,000 psi) (ASTM D 2990)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

% Strain

Stra

in, %

Hours

TP-8054

TP-8395

TP-8212TP-8130

TP-8311

TP-8792TP-8549

Tribological PropertiesOne of the main performance attributes of DuPont™ Vespel® TP-8000 Series products is their wear and friction behavior. Wear and friction performance is not a material attribute, but a system property resulting from the interaction of two materials at specific conditions. Factors such as load, velocity, dry or lubricated environment, countersurface composition, surface finish and temperature all contribute to wear and friction performance.

To give an indication of wear performance, certain TP-8000 grades were tested under thrust wear conditions. Results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. The test is based upon the Suzuki thrust wear method (JIS-K7218A) as shown in Figure 10. The washers did not contain grooves. Dry wear testing was conducted over a 7 hour period while lubricated testing was conducted over a 4 hour period. The countersurface was 304 stainless steel. This countersurface material corresponds to ANSI 304 and ISO 683/13 11.

Generally, the highly loaded carbon fiber grades tend to perform well under high loads, and low speed. Grades containing PTFE, or PTFE and carbon fiber tend to perform well under high speeds, and low load. Because grade selection will depend on many factors, please consult with a Vespel® Technical Service Representative for assistance in selecting the appropriate grade for your application.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000

Max

imum

Str

engt

h, M

Pa

Cycles to FailureTP-8054 TP-8395 TP-8130

0

1.45

2.90

4.35

5.80

7.25

8.70

Max

imum

Str

engt

h, k

si

Slide Surface

Weight (Constant)

Test Piece (Fixed Cylinder)

Friction Material (Rotary Plate)

Heating of Total Enviroment

Figure 10. Suzuki Thrust Wear Test Schematic (JIS-K7218A)

Grade

PV

psi·ft/min

PV

MPa·m/s

friction,

µ

wear factor, K

10-10 cm3/kgfm

resin wear,

mg

metal wear,

mg

TP-8130 71,000 2.5 0.05 66 10 <1

TP-8130 95,000 3.3 0.04 77 16 <1

TP-8549 71,000 2.5 0.05 49 9 <1

TP-8549 95,000 3.3 0.05 63 14 <1

TP-8311 14,000 0.5 0.10 670 23 <1

TP-8311 28,000 1.0 0.10 490 34 <1

Table 4 Suzuki Thrust Wear Test Results — Dry

8

Electrical PropertiesThe unfilled and glass filled TP-8000 grades are excellent electrical insulators. The dielectric constant, dissipation factor and dielectric strength for the insulating TP grades are listed in Figures 11–13 and Table 6. Table 7 lists the surface and volume resistivities.

Grade

PV

psi·ft/min

PV

MPa·m/s

friction,

µ

wear factor, units

resin wear,

mg

metal wear,

mg

TP-8130 298,000 10.4 0.03 4 2 <1

TP-8130 357,000 12.5 0.03 3 1 <1

TP-8549 298,000 10.4 0.02 3 1 <1

TP-8549 357,000 12.5 0.02 4 2 <1

TP-8311 298,000 10.4 0.02 3 1 <1

TP-8311 357,000 12.5 0.02 2 1 <1

TP-8549 298,000 10.4 0.03 3 2 <1

Table 5 Suzuki Thrust Wear Test Results — Lubricated

Figure 11. Dielectric Strength IEC 60243 (1 mm, 50% RH, 2 kv/s, Ball in Oil)

Figure 12. Dissipation Factor IEC 60250 (1 mm, 50% RH, 1 kHz)

Figure 13. Dielectric Constant IEC 60250 (1 mm, 50% RH, 2 kv/s, Ball in Oil)

1 kHz

1 MHz

1 kHz

1 MHz

TP-8054 2.9 2.8 0.001 0.006 30.9

TP-8212 3.4 3.3 0.002 0.006 30.3

Dielectric Contant (IEC 60250)

Dissipation Factor (IEC 60250)

Dielectric Strength (IEC 60243)

kV/mm

Table 6 Dielectric Constant/Dissipation Factor and Dielectric

Strength (23 °C [73 °F], 2.0 mm [0.0797 inch] Thickness)

Surface Resistivity(IEC 60093)

Ohm/sq

Volume Resistivity(IEC 60093)

Ohm-cm

TP-8054 5.0E+17 5.0E+17

TP-8395 3.3E+16 8.7E+17

TP-8212 1.4E+17 9.1E+16

TP-8130 1.8E+06 1.4E+06

TP-8311 2.7E+14 1.3E+15

TP-8549 8.4E+06 1.2E+07

TP-8792 3.9E+11 2.1E+10

Table 7 Surface and Volume Resistivity

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

DS

(kV/

mm

)

Temperature

Vespel TP-8054 Vespel TP-8212

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Temperature

DF


3

3.5

4

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

DC

Temperature


9

Environmental Properties

Chemical ExposureDuPont™ Vespel® TP-8000 Series parts are processed from a chemically resistant advanced engineering thermoplastic. They offer resistance against many acids, bases, and organic solvents.

SolventsOrganic solvents in general have little effect on the mechanical and dimensional stability of polyimide parts. Chlorinated and fluorinated solvents such as perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene are recommended for surface cleaning of Vespel® parts. Hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and kerosene have virtually no effect on polyimide materials. At high temperatures, some solvents containing functional groups such as m-cresol and nitrobenzene can cause swelling of polyimides without substantially reducing its mechanical strength.

AcidsConcentrated mineral acids cause severe embrittlement of polyimide parts in a relatively short time and should be avoided. Generally, dilute acid solutions and aqueous solutions of inorganic salts having acidic pH’s have about the same effect on polyimide as water.

BasesGenerally, polyimide resins are susceptible to alkaline attack. Aqueous bases attack polyimides leading to rapid deterioration of properties. All basic solutions with a pH of 10 or greater, including salt solutions, should be avoided. Cleaning agents of a caustic nature are not recommended.

Certain grades of TP-8000 can be annealed to induce crystallization and further reduce sensitivity to chemicals such as nitric acid and dichloromethane. Tables 8 and 9 show the chemical resistance of TP-8054 test specimens when immersed in a wide variety of chemical substances.

Additional chemical resistance data for test specimens and films of TP-8054 can be found in Appendix D.

Speciality grades of Vespel® may offer higher chemical resistance if needed. Contact DuPont for more information.

Fluid ExposureDuPont™ Vespel® TP-8000 Series products exhibit resistance against some common fluids at elevated temperatures. TP-8054 shows outstanding retention of properties and appearance when a test specimen is immersed in common oils and fuels such as engine oils, gear oils, brake fluids, sour oils, synthetic fuels, and gasohol, even at elevated temperatures. (See Tables 10–11.)

Amorphous Crystalline

Hydrochloric Acid 10% Solution Concentrate

No change No change

No change No change

Sulfuric Acid 35% Solution Concentrate

No change Swelling

No change No change

Nitric Acid 35% Solution Concentrate

No change Swelling

No change Slight Craze

Soldium Hydroxide 10% Solution 40% Solution

No change No change

No change No change

Potassium Hydroxide 10% Solution 40% Solution

No change Swelling

No change Slight Craze

Engine Oil No change No change

Gear Oil No change No change

Toluene No change No change

Perchloroethylene No change No change

Tricholorethylene No change No change

Dichloromethane Slight Craze No change

Chloroform Slight Craze No change

Gasoline No change No change

Kerosene No change No change

Table 8 TP-8054 Chemical Resistance — 10 Day Immersion

at 23 °C (73 °F)

Appearance After Exposure

Amorphous Crystalline

Methyl ethyl ketone 23 °C (73 °F) No change No change

Skydrol® (#500b-4) 23 °C (73 °F) No change No change

Skydrol® (#500b-4) 80 °C (176 °F) No change No change

Table 9 TP-8054 Chemical Resistance — 30 Day Immersion

Appearance After Exposure

Skydrol® is a registered trademark of Solutia, Inc.

10

Table 12 Outgassing Performance Data (ASTM E-595)

Grade TML, % CVCM, % WVR, %

TP-8054 0.587 0.004 0.309

TP-8212 0.410 0.008 0.217

TML : Total Mass Loss CVCM: Collected Volatile Condensable Materials

WVR: Water Vapor Regained

Conditions: Vacuum: 5 x 10–5 torr Heating Element Temperature: 125±1 °C (34 °F) Cooling Element Temperature: 125±1 °C (34 °F) Duration: 24 hr

Tensile Strength at Yield 110 115 110 115

Tensile Strength at Break 95 110 95 95

Appearance No change No change No change No change

Table 11 Property Retention of TP-8054 Film After

Fuel or Oil ExposureTP-8054 Film Exposure (23 °C)

Property Retention, % at 23 °C (73 °F) Brake Oil Synthetic Fuel Oil 1000 hr 2000 hr 1000 hr 2000 hr

Brake Oil: Brake Fluid DOT 3 of Nippon Petroleum CompanySynthetic Fuel Oil: Toluene/iso-octane 60/40 volume %




TP-8054 Film Exposure (23 °C)

Property Retention, % at 23 °C (73 °F) Sour Oil Gasahol 1000 hr 2000 hr 1000 hr 2000 hr

Sour Oil: Synthetic Fuel Oil/lauroyl peroxide 100/5 weight %Gasahol: Synthetic Fuel Oil/methanol 100/20 volume %

Tensile Strength at Yield 110 110 120

Tensile Strength at Break 95 90 105

Appearance No change No change No change

TP-8054 Film Exposure (180 °C)

Property Retention, % at 180 °C (356 °F)Gear Oil

500 hr 1000 hr 2000 hr

Gear Oil: Showa white pilot S-3 (10W-30)

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Not

ched

Izod

Impa

ct (J

/m)

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(MPa

)

Exposure Time (hr) 3000

Tensile ISO 527-2

Notched ISO 179-1eA Charpy

Figure 14 shows that Vespel® TP-8556 maintains critical mechanical performance of tensile strength and notched izod impact strength even after 3000 hr exposure to 212-B automatic transmission fluid (ATF) at 150 °C.

Ult. Tensile Strength Fluid Aging at 23 °C) Ult. Tensile Strength Fluid Aging at 150 °C)

Notched Charpy Impact Fluid Aging at 23 °C) Notched Charpy Impact Fluid Aging at 150 °C)

Figure 14. Vespel® TP-8556 Tensile Strength and Notched Charpy Impact Performance After Aging Exposure in 212B ATF Fluid (ASTM D543)

Radiation ExposureWhen polymers are used as insulation materials for atomic power plants or aerospace applications, radiation resistance may be an important property. When plastics are irradiated, inter-polymer cross-linking and breakage of the polymer chain may take place simultaneously. According to the extent of these phenomena, polymers may be classified into cross-linking and breakage types. Contact DuPont for further information on radiation exposure and for any potential applications in military, medical, and atomic power application.

Outgassing PerformanceCertain TP-8000 grades offer low outgassing in vacuum environments, making them suitable candidates for clean applications such as semiconductor fabrication and support components. Table 12 shows outgassing results per the ASTM E-595 test protocol.

Test Method

Engine Oil at 7 Days

200 °C (392 °F)

Gear Oil at 7 Days

200 °C (392 °F)

Tensile Strength at Yield ASTM D638 102 102

Tensile Strength at Break ASTM D638 90 95

Elongation at Break ASTM D638 90 110

Flexural Strength ASTM D790 105 110

Flexural Modulus ASTM D790 100 100

Weight Change ASTM D543 +0.02 +0.06

Appearance No change No change

Table 10 Property Retention After Oil Exposure

at Elevated Temperature

TP-8054 Test Specimen Exposure

Property Retention, %

Engine Oil: Toyota Castle Motor-oil Clean Royal II (7.5W–30SE)Gear Oil: Toyota High-point Gear Oil (85W-90)

11

APPENDICESAppendix A

Design Check List

Part Name ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Company _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Print No. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Job No. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A. PART FUNCTION _______________________________________________________________________________________________

B. OPERATING FUNCTIONS Normal Max. Min.

Operating temperature _________ _________ _________

Service life (hrs) _________ _________ _________

Applied load (lb torque, etc. describe fully on reverse side)

Time on _________ _________ _________

Duration of load Time off _________ _________ _________

Other (Impact, Shock, Stall, etc.) __________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C. ENVIRONMENT Chemical __________________________ Moisture ____________________________

Ambient temperature while device not operating ___________ Sunlight direct ______ Indirect _____

D. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Factor of safety _______________________________ Max. Deflection/Sag _________________________

E. WEAR CONSIDERATIONS

Mating Material _______________________________ Surface Finish ______________________________

Pressure ______________________________________________________

Velocity _______________________________________________________

Rotation or Oscillation __________________________________________

Limiting Wear Rate or Wear Volume ______________________________

F. FORMING CONSIDERATIONS ____________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12

Appendix B —Stress/Strain Curves as a Function of Temperature in Tension and Compression

Figure B-1 TP-8054 Stress/Strain in Tension (ISO 527)



120

100

80

60

40

20

00 5 10 15 20

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8054

–40 °C23 °C

100 °C150 °C

(–40 °F)(73 °F)(212 °F)(305 °F)

Strain, %

17.40

14.50

11.60

8.70

5.80

2.90

0

Str

ess,

ksi

180160

806040200

0 2 4 5

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8212

–40 °C23 °C

100 °C150 °C

(–40 °F)(73 °F)(212 °F)(305 °F)140

120100

Strain, %1 3

26.1023.20

11.608.705.802.900

20.3017.4014.50

Str

ess,

ksi

120

100

80

60

40

20

00 5 10 15 20

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8395

–40 °C23 °C

100 °C150 °C

(–40 °F)(73 °F)(212 °F)(305 °F)

Strain, %

17.40

14.50

11.60

8.70

5.80

2.90

0

Str

ess,

ksi





300

250

200

150

100

50

0

0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8130

–40 °C23 °C

100 °C150 °C

(–40 °F)(73 °F)(212 °F)(305 °F)

Strain, %

43.51

36.25

29.0

21.75

14.50

7.25

0

Str

ess,

ksi

0 0.5 1.0 1.5

TP-8311

–40 °C23 °C

100 °C150 °C

(–40 °F)(73 °F)(212 °F)(305 °F)

Strain, %

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Str

ess,

MPa

2.0 2.5

43.51

36.25

29.0

21.75

14.50

7.25

0

Str

ess,

ksi

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8549

Strain, %

43.51

36.25

29.0

21.75

14.50

7.25

0

Str

ess,

ksi

–40 °C23 °C

100 °C150 °C

(–40 °F)(73 °F)(212 °F)(305 °F)

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8792

Strain, %

43.51

36.25

29.0

21.75

14.50

7.25

0

Str

ess,

ksi

–40 °C23 °C

100 °C150 °C

(–40 °F)(73 °F)(212 °F)(305 °F)

13

Figure B-8 TP-8054 Stress/Strain in Compression (ISO 604)







30025020015010050

00 10 30 40

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8054

23 °C150 °C

(73 °F)(305 °F)

Strain, %

350

20 50 60

43.5136.2529.021.7514.507.250

50.76

Str

ess,

ksi

30025020015010050

00 10 30 40

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8395

23 °C150 °C

(73 °F)(305 °F)

Strain, %

350

20 50 60

43.5136.2529.021.7514.507.250

50.76S

tres

s, k

si

30025020015010050

00 10

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8212

23 °C150 °C

(73 °F)(305 °F)

Strain, %

350

142 4 6 8 12

43.5136.2529.021.7514.507.250

50.76

Str

ess,

ksi

30025020015010050

00 2 4 6 8 10 12

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8130

Strain, %

350

14

0 °C23 °C

150 °C

(32 °F)(73 °F)(305 °F)

43.5136.2529.021.7514.507.250

50.76

Str

ess,

ksi

30025020015010050

00 2 4 6 8 10 12

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8311

Strain, %

350

14

0 °C23 °C

150 °C

(32 °F)(73 °F)(305 °F)

43.5136.2529.021.7514.507.250

50.76

Str

ess,

ksi

30025020015010050

00 2 4 6 8 10 12

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8549

Strain, %

350

14

0 °C23 °C

150 °C

(32 °F)(73 °F)(305 °F)

43.5136.2529.021.7514.507.250

50.76

Str

ess,

ksi

30025020015010050

00 2 4 6 8 10 12

Str

ess,

MPa

TP-8792

Strain, %

350

14

0 °C23 °C

150 °C

(32 °F)(73 °F)(305 °F)

43.5136.2529.021.7514.507.250

50.76

Str

ess,

ksi

14

Appendix C — Flexural Creep

Figure C-1 TP-8054 Flexural Creep (ASTM D2990)







2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Str

ain

, %

Time, hr

3.023 °C (73 °F)/48 MPa (6.96 ksi)60 °C (140 °F)/48 MPa (6.96 ksi)60 °C (140 °F)/34 MPa (4.93 ksi)

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Str

ain

, %

Time, hr

3.023 °C (73 °F)/48 MPa (6.96 ksi)60 °C (140 °F)/48 MPa (6.96 ksi)60 °C (140 °F)/34 MPa (4.93 ksi)

1.00.9

0.50.40.30.20.1

Str

ain

, %

0.80.70.6

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000Time, hr

0

23 °C (73 °F)/48 MPa (6.96 ksi)60 °C (140 °F)/34 MPa (4.93 ksi)60 °C (140 °F)/48 MPa (6.96 ksi)

1.00.9

0.50.40.30.20.1

Str

ain

, %

0.80.70.6

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000Time, hr

0

23 °C (73 °F)/48 MPa (6.96 ksi)60 °C (140 °F)/34 MPa (4.93 ksi)

1.00.9

0.50.40.30.20.1

Str

ain

, %

0.80.70.6

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000Time, hr

0

23 °C (73 °F)/48 MPa (6.96 ksi)

1.00.9

0.50.40.30.20.1

Str

ain

, %

0.80.70.6

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000Time, hr

0

23 °C (73 °F)/48 MPa (6.96 ksi)

1.00.9

0.50.40.30.20.1

Str

ain

, %

0.80.70.6

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000Time, hr

0

23 °C (73 °F)/48 MPa (6.96 ksi)60 °C (140 °F)/34 MPa (4.93 ksi)

15

Appendix D — Chemical Resistance Data for TP-8054 Film




H2SO4

HNO3/ H2SO4

Property Retention, % at 80 °C in H2SO4 Solution pH = 2 pH = 3 1000 hr 2000 hr 1000 hr 2000 hr




Property Retention, % at 80 °C in HNO3/H2SO4 Solution pH = 2 pH = 3 1000 hr 2000 hr 1000 hr 2000 hr

Tensile Strength at Yield 110 115 100 —



NaCl and NaOH

Property Retention, % at 23 °C (73 °F) 5% NaCl 5% NaOH 1000 hr 2000 hr 1000 hr 2000 hr



Tensile Modulus 100 105 105 110

Elongation at Break 105 100 110 105


Methanol and Ethanol

Property Retention, % at 23 °C (73 °F) Methanol Ethanol 1000 hr 2000 hr 1000 hr 2000 hr

Tensile Strength at Yield 100 105 — —


Tensile Modulus 105 100 100 100

Elongation at Break 100 105 100 105


Ozone

Property Retention, % at 40 °C (104 °F) in 500 ppb Ozone Amorphous Crystalline 1000 hr 2000 hr 1000 hr 2000 hr

Tensile Strength at Yield 96 88

Tensile Strength at Break 100 103

Tensile Modulus 96 65

Elongation at Break +0.0 –1.0

Appearance No change No change

Nitric Acid and Phosphoric Acid

Property Retention, % 19% Nitric Acid 98% Phosphoric Acid 3 weeks 3 weeks 23–60 °C (73–140 °F) 23–214 °C (73–417 °F)

Tensile Strength at Yield 110

Tensile Strength at Break 100

Tensile Modulus 100

Elongation at Break 60

Weight Change +0.2

Appearance No change

Oil/Refrigerant

Property Retention, % Oil/Refrigerant = 10/1 wgt

Oil: Kyoseki FLEOL F-32Refrigerant: R-134 A (CH2FCF3)

100 hr at 60 °C (140 °F)

Also considered to have excellent resistance to other refrigerants including 11, R-113 and R-22

The information provided in this guide corresponds to our knowledge on the subject at the date of its publication. This information may be subject to revision as new knowledge and experience becomes available. The data provided fall within the normal range of product properties and relate only to the specific material designated; these data may not be valid for such material used in combination with any other materials, additives or pigments or in any process, unless expressly indicated otherwise.

The data provided should not be used to establish specification limits or used alone as the basis of design; they are not intended to substitute for any testing you may need to conduct to determine for yourself the suitability of a specific material for your particular purposes. Since DuPont cannot anticipate all variations in actual end-use and disposal conditions, DuPont does not guarantee favorable results, makes no warranties and assumes no liability in connection with any use of this information. All such information is given and accepted at the buyer’s risk. It is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own discretion and risk. Nothing in this publication is to be considered as a license to operate under or a recommendation to infringe any patent. DuPont advises you to seek independent counsel for a freedom to practice opinion on the intended application or end-use of our products. CAUTION: Do not use DuPont materials in medical applications involving implantation in the human body or contact with internal body fluids or tissues unless the material has been provided from DuPont under a written contract that is consistent with DuPont policy regarding medical applications and expressly acknowledges the contemplated use. For further information, please contact your DuPont representative. You may also request a copy of DuPont POLICY Regarding Medical Applications H-50103-5 and DuPont CAUTION Regarding Medical Applications H-50102-5.

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