Dunia Protista

ProtozoaAlgae

Slime molds

Phylogeny of Protista• Many biologists propose different phylogeny.

Highly diverse and dynamic.• Kingdom is polyphyletic (members of taxon from

two or more ancestral forms)• Nucleic acid sequencing, cell structure

attempting to create monophyletic groups.• Have enabled systematists to create additional

kingdom-level groupings.• Splitting Kingdom Protista into 3 separate

kingdoms (Archaezoa, Protista/Protozoa, Chromista)

• or 5 “candidate kingdoms” (Archaezoa, Euglenozoa, Alveolata, Stramenopila, Rhodophyta)

Tree of Life

Three-domain tree of life based on small subunit rRNA sequences (modified from N.R. Pace, ASM News

62:464, 1996).

Berbagai macam Algae

Phylogeny of the Protist

Klasifikasi Dunia Protista

A. Protozoa (Animal ike)B. Algae (Plant-like)C. Slime molds (Fungus-like)

A. Protozoa (1)Sistem klasifikasi

tradisional:Kelompok CiliophoraKelompok

MastigophoraKelompok SarcodinaKelompok Sporozoa

Sporozoa: Plasmodium

Sistem klasifikasi menurut Komite sistematik dan evolusi

Protozoa (1980):1. Phylum Labirinthomorpha2. Phylum Sarcomastigophora3. Phylum Ciliophora4. Phylum Apicomplexa5. Phylum Microspora6. Phylum Acetospora7. Phylum Myxospora

Sistem klasifikasi (Cavalier-Smith; 1993):1. Phylum Apicomplexa2. Phylum Choanozoa3. Phylum Ciliophora4. Phylum Dinozoa5. Phylum Entamoebia6. Phylum Euglenozoa7. Phylum Haplosporidia8. Phylum Heliozoa9. Phylum Mesozoa10.Phylum Metamonada11.Phylum Microsporidia12.Phylum Mycetozoa13.Phylum Myxosporidia14.Phylum Opalozoa15.Phylum Parabasalia16.Phylum Paramyxia17.Phylum Percolozoa18.Phylum Radiozoa19.Phylum Reticulosa20.Phylum Rhizopoda

Bedasarkan sistem klasifikasi filogenetik: Protozoa terdiri dari: Archeozoa dan Protozoa Dunia Archeozoa:1. Phylum Metamonada2. Phylum Microsporidia3. Phylum Parabasalia

Dunia Protozoa :1. Phylum Eulenozoa2. Phylum Entamoebia3. Phylum Mycetozoa4. Phylum Ciliophora5. Phylum Dinozoa6. Phylum Apicomplexa7. Phylum Rhizopoda

B. Algae

• Sistem klasifikasi tradisional:1. Divisio Chlorophycophyta2. Divisio Chrisophycophyta3. Divisio Cryptophycophyta4. Divisio Euglenophycophyta5. Divisio Phaeophycophyta6. Divisio Pyrrophycophyta7. Divisio Rhodophycophyta

Sistem klasifikasi filogenetik (18S rRNA):• Algae sebagian masuk ke Protozoa, dan sebagian lagi

masuk ke Tumbuhan lalu sisanya masuk dalam Dunia Chromista.

Dunia Chromista:1. Phylum Haptophyta2. Phylum Cryptista3. Phylum Chloraciniophyta4. Phylum Chrisopycea5. Phylum Phaeopycea6. Phylum Xanthopycea7. Phylum Eustimatopyea8. Phylum Diatomea9. Phylum Oomycetidae10.Phylum Thraustochitridae