8/8/2019 Duke University Press Fall 2011 Catalog

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F J J A Y # M J T V G O L Y Y ^ V K G E # Y T H H D V 6 > ? ?

T G K S D V Y K P [ ^ V D Y Y

@ T A D

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edgdvol kgpdvdyp

O`ohy Ekcp, Ivddib ?

Itppkge Oivjyy Hd`ko, HiLdj` og` Atdg}lk 6

Ivdopksd Lkidgyd, HiLdj` og` @kIjlo 9

O Rkiogo Ij`dr jc Ibogekge Ijgyikjtygdyy, Hjvoeo 0

^vksopd Fj`kdy, ^tflki Pdrpy, Bjlljuo{ 4

Dgoipkge Jpbdvy, Yhkpb 3

O`vkog ^k~dv, Fjuldy 3

D{dHkg`d`,Mjgdy 5

Pbjhoy Akgao`d, Fj{log 2Drpvo*Jv`kgov{, Fty}da ;

@dykegkge Itlptvd, Folyohj ?>

Pbd Moiqtdlkgd Vjyd Vdo`dv, Vjyd ??

Pbd Yvk Logao Vdo`dv, Bjlp ?6

@tvboh Ijtgp{, Og`dvyjg ?9

Pbd ^oyp Ky ^vdydgp, Ogpjgoiikj og` @klljg?9

oykog ohdvkiog ypt`kdy

Pbd Fdotpkctl Edgdvopkjg, Pt ?0

Okvfjvgd @vdohy, [ogj ?4

Pdvvkc{kge Htylkhy, Vogo ?4

edg`dv ypt`kdy

Ub{ Ypjvkdy Hoppdv, Bdhhkgey ?3

eo{ # ldyfkog*qtddv ypt`kdy

Ocpdv Ydr:, Bolld{ og` ^ovadv ?3

_tddv Fjg`y, [jtge og` Udkgdv ?5

Poikp Ytfmdipy, @didgo ?5

Eo{ Lopkgj Ypt`kdy, Bohdy(Eovio og` Hovpgd} ?2

Yboadyqtddv, Hdgjg ?2

itlptvol ypt`kdy

Pbd Itlp jc ^bovhoijlje{, @dEvog`~vd ?;

Ydijg` Ujtg`y, Vdgpyibldv ?;

Kgpdvy~dikdy, Lkskgeypjg og` ^tov6>Eljfolk}kge Ocebogkypog,Molol}ok og` Mdccdvdyy 6>

Pbd Ivdjlk}opkjg jc Pbdjv{, Lkjggdp og` Ybkb 6?

Khhogtdl Uolldvypdkg og` pbd ^vjfldh jc pbd Ujvl`, ^olthfj(Lkt,Vjffkgy, og` Pogjtabk 6?

Ocvhopksd Vdoipkjg, Iovvjll66

@kekpol @dykvd, Bogyjg 66

ogpbvj~jlje{

Lkcd Ukpbkg Lkhkpy, Moiayjg 69

Skjldgid kg o Pkhd jc Lkfdvopkjg, @jgboh 69

Gdu Jveogy Ukpbkg Ty, Yogol 60

Vd~vj`tipkjg, Eljfolk}opkjg, og` pbd Ypopd, Fvjugdv og` Yovedgp 60

ibkiogj*o ypt`kdy

Kh Gdkpbdv Bdvd gjv Pbdvd, ]osdllo 64

Fjv`dv @kldhhoy, Hjvo 64

htyki

Ftdgo Skypo kg pbd Iltf, Foadv 63

Fvo}klkog ^j~tlov Htyki og` Ikpk}dgybk~, Osdlov og` @tgg 63

lopkg ohdvkiog ypt`kdy

Ujvaybj~ jc Vdsjltpkjg,Mjbgyjg 65

Pbd Vtkgy jc pbd Gdu Ovedgpkgo, Bdold{ 65

Pbd Oklkge Ikp{, Ovhty 62

Pbd Ypvteeld cjv Hok}d, Ckppkge 62

Pvosdlkge cvjh Gdu Y~okg pj Hdrkij, Iovvdvo 6;

Louy jc Ibogid, Ibo}adl 6;

Fdpuddg pbd Etdvvklloy og` pbd Ypopd, Vohvd} 9>

Yditvkge pbd Ikp{, JGdkll og` Pbjhoy 9>

Pbd Olltvd jc Lofjv, @vkgjp 9?

dgskvjghdgpol ypt`kdy

Fd{jg` pbd Yoivd` Cjvdyp, @jsd, Yomkyd, og` @jjlkppld 9?

kg`kedgjty ypt`kdy

Vdijegkpkjg J`{yyd{y, Alj~jpda 96

Yjsdvdkegp{, Kg`kedgdkp{, og` pbd Lou, Ibd{p}, @tpbt,og` Btbg`jvc 96

bkypjv{

Itlptvdy kg Ijgpoip, Bjdv`dv 99

Dh~kvd kg _tdypkjg, Ftvpjg 99

Ujvakge Jtp De{~p,Moijf 90

Itlptvd` Ypopdy, Ksoyao 90

Vo`kiol Cjj`uo{y, Fdg`dv og` ^klibdv 94

~dvcjvhkge ovpy

Ot`kdgidy, Ydllov 94

cklh # ps

@ova Fjv`dvy, Otdvfoib 93

Ijl` Uov Cdhhd, Ijvfdv 93

Fdlju pbd Lkgd, Ho{dv 95

Pdldskykjg oy @kekpol Hd`ko, Fdggdpp og` Ypvoged 95

oykog ypt`kdy

Ibkgdyd Ikvitlopkjgy, Poelkoij}}j og` Iboge 92

Cjvhy jc Agjuld`ed kg Dovl{ Hj`dvg Oyko, ^jlljia 92

O~~vj~vkopdl{ Kg`kog, Vo`boavkybgog 9;

yjikjlje{

Pbd Kgdqtolkpkdy jc Ljsd, Ilovad 9;

l kpdvov{ pbdjv{

Pbd Lkhkpy jc Cdvjikp{, Ctiby 0>

lkgetkypkiy

Ypofklkp{ og` Iboged oljge o @koldip Fjtg`ov{,Mjbgyjg 0>

gdu mjtvgoly

hkggdyjpo vdskdu, 0?

Edgvd, 0?

dldipvjgki ijlldipkjgy 0?

mjtvgoly 06

ydldipd` foialkyp # fdypydlldvy 04

jv`dv cjvh 02

yoldy kgcjvhopkjg # kg`dr Kgyk`d Foia Ijsdv

FJJA VDSKDU D@KPJVYVdskdu ij~{ vdqtdypy ho{ fd cord` pj

";?;+ 32209;? jv ydgp pj pbd oppdgpkjg jc ^tflkikp{, @tad Tgksdvykp{ ^vdyy'

Oll vdqtdypy htyp fd ytfhkppd` jg ~tflkiopkjg ldppdvbdo`'

CVJGP IJSDV OVP= Pbd Vdo`kge D{d @je'

Cvjh @dykegkge Itlptvd= Pbd Pdibgjljekiol Khoekgopkjg op Ujva f{ Oggd Folyohj, ~oed ?>'

^ldoyd skykp jtv udfykpd opuuu'`tadt~vdyy'd`t

ijgpdgpy

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e d g d v o l k g p d v d y p

O`ohy EkcpO Hdhjkv jc o ^oypjvy Iollkge pj @dc{pbd Ibtviby ^dvyditpkjg jc Ldyfkogy og` Eo{ymkhh{ivddib

Mkhh{ Ivddib, o Tgkpd` Hdpbj`kyp ~oypjv kg Gjvpb Iovjlkgo, uoy skykpd`jgd hjvgkge kg ?;20 f{ O`oh, o ljgepkhd ~ovkybkjgdv ubjh bd lkad` og`

vdy~dipd`' O`oh yok` pbop bd uoy eo{, og` pbop bd uoy ldoskge pbd Pbd Tgkpd`

Hdpbj`kyp Ibtvib, ubkib bo` mtyp ~vjgjtgid` pbop gj ydlc(osjud` ~voipkikge

bjhjydrtol ijtl` fd jv`okgd`' Bd ujtl` gjp fd ~ovp jc o ijhhtgkp{ pbop

drilt`d` bkh' Ivddib cjtg` bkhydlc kgypkgipksdl{ yt~~jvpkge O`oh, pdllkge bkh

pbop bd uoy ytvd pbop Ej` ljsd` og` oiid~pd` bkh oy bd uoy' O`ohy Ekcpky

Ivddiby kgy~kvkge vyp(~dvyjg oiijtgp jc bju pbop ijgsdvyopkjg pvogycjvhd`

bky lkcd og` hkgkypv{'

O`ohy skykp ~vjh~pd` Ivddib pj vd(dsoltopd bky fdlkdc pbop bjhjydrtolkp{

uoy o ykg og` pj vdydovib pbd yivk~ptvol foyky cjv pbd ibtviby ~jykpkjg'Bd `dpdvhkgd` pbop pbd ibtvib uoy hkypoadg, pbop yivk~ptvol pvogylopkjgy og`

kgpdv~vdpopkjgy bo` fddg fjpibd` og` `ogedvjtyl{ `kypjvpd`' Oy o Ibvkypkog,

Ivddib iohd pj fdlkdsd pbop `kyivkhkgopkge oeokgyp ldyfkog, eo{, fkydrtol, og`

pvogyedg`dv ~dj~ld uoy hjvoll{ uvjge' Pbky tg`dvypog`kge ijh~dlld` bkh pj

~dvcjvh yohd(edg`dv ijhhkphdgp idvdhjgkdy, ubkib ijgkipd` ukpb ibtvib

`kvdipksdy' Ivddib uoy pvkd` pukid f{ Pbd Tgkpd` Hdpbj`kyp Ibtvib, og`, ocpdv

pbd ydijg` pvkol, bky jv`kgopkjg ivd`dgpkoly udvd vdsjad`'O`ohy Ekcpky o

hjskge ypjv{ og` og kh~jvpogp ibo~pdv kg pbd tggkybd` ypvteeld cjv ldyfkog,

eo{, fkydrtol, og` pvogyedg`dv ikskl og` bthog vkebpy'

VDLKEKJG*EO[ # LDYFKOG YPT@KDY*HDHJKV

Mtgd 932 ~oedy, ?5 f#u ~bjpjevo~by iljpb, ;52(>(2669(0224(3, $6;';4pv*66';;

Mkhh{ Ivddib ky o cjvhdvTgkpd` Hdpbj`kyp hkgkypdv,gju vdpkvd` og` lkskge kg

Voldkeb, Gjvpb Iovjlkgo'

Bd boy ujvad` ukpb hog{

yjikol(oipkjg jveogk}opkjgy,

kgilt`kge Yjtlcjvid, og kgpd

cokpb hjsdhdgp ijgcvjgpkge

y~kvkptol skjldgid oeokgyp

ldyfkog, eo{, fkydrtol, og`

pvogyedg`dv ~dvyjgy1 pbd

Hdpbj`kyp Cd`dvopkjg cjv

Yjikol Oipkjg1 pbd Voldkeb

Vdlkekjty Gdpujva cjv Eo{og` Ldyfkog Dqtolkp{1 og` Cokpb kg Ohdvkio, og jveogk}opkjg

ujvakge pj dg` vdlkekjg(foyd` fkejpv{' Bd boy vdidksd` pbd

Cloefdovdv Ouov` cvjh ^CLOE Gopkjgol1 pbd Bthog Vkebpy

Ioh~okeg Dqtolkp{ Ouov`1 pbd Yokgp Ouov` ~vdydgpd` f{

Hdpvj~jlkpog Ijhhtgkp{ Ibtvib, Yog Cvogikyij1 pbd Gjvpb

Iovjlkgo vk`d Kgi' Ouov`1 og` pbd Ldd og` Hod Foll Ouov`,

~vdydgpd` f{ Pbd Hdpbj`kyp Cd`dvopkjg cjv Yjikol Oipkjg'

Bd uoy ydldipd` oy jgd jcJTPhoeo}kgdy Jtp ?>> kg ?;;2

og` ?;;;'

O`ohy Ekcpky gjp ykh~l{ pbd vohopki, pvtd ypjv{ jc jgd

hogy ijtvoedjty og` yoivkikol ypog` oeokgyp dgjhkgo(

pkjgol ~voipkidy pbop ldo` pj pbd dgkol jc ctll kgiltykjg cjv

ldyfkogy og` eo{y' Kp ky olyj og kgpkhopd og` ~judvctl ljja op

pbd itvvdgp ypvteeld fdpuddg pbd cjvidy jc lkebp og` `ovagdyy

cjv pbd bdovp og` yjtl jc pbd Ibvkypkog ibtvib'VDSDVDG@

@V' HDL UBKPD

K ujtl` lkad pj dr~vdyy o `dd~ `dfp jc evopkpt`d pj Mkhh{

Ivddib' Bd ~dvidksd` ubop Ej` ky t~ pj og` pbdg bo` pbd

ijtvoed pj oip jg bky ijgskipkjg, gj hoppdv ubop pbd ~v kid pj

bkhydlc' Pboga Ej` cjv pbd ~vj~bdpy kg jtv hk`yp/ Ho{ Ej`

eksd ty pbd ijtvoed pj dhtlopd pbdh/VDSDVDG@ MJBGHIGDKL

?;22 Eo{ ^vk`d Hovib, Voldkeb, Gjvpb Iovjlkgo' Mkhh{ Ivddib bdl~y iovv{ pbd Voldkeb Vdlkekjty Gdpujva cjv Eo{og` Ldyfkog Dqtolkp{ foggdv' "Vd~vkgpd` ukpb ~dvhkyykjg cvjh Pbd Cvjgp oed+'

^bjpj f{ Gopolko Udd`{

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e d g d v o l k g p d v d y p

Adhfvdu HiLdj` ky Oyyjikopd ^vjcdyyjv jcIjhhtgkiopkjg Ypt`kdy op pbd Tgksdvykp{ jc Kjuo' Bd

ky pbd otpbjv jcCvdd`jh jc Dr~vdyykjg= Vdykypogid

og` Vd~vdyykjg kg pbd Oed jc Kgpdlldiptol vj~dvp{

og` Jugkge Itlptvd= Otpbjvybk~, Jugdvybk~, og`

Kgpdlldiptol vj~dvp{ Lou, og` ij(ivdopjv jc pbd jit(

hdgpov{ lh Ij~{vkebp Ivkhkgoly' Vt`jlc Atdg}lkky vjcdyyjv jc Ijh~ovopksd Lkpdvoptvd og` Dgelkyb op

pbd Tgksdvykp{ jc Kjuo, ubdvd bd ky pbd @kvdipjv jc pbd

Kgpdvgopkjgol @o`o Ovibksd'

Itppkge Oivjyy Hd`koO~~vj~vkopkjg Ovp, Kgpdvsdgpkjgkyp Ijlloed,og` Ij~{vkebp Louadhfvduhildj`#vt`jlcatdg}lk, d`kpjvy

Kg pbky ijlldipkjg jc dyyo{y, ldo`kge oio`dhkiy, ivkpkiy, og` ovpkypy bkypjvkik}d ijloed og` o~~vj~vkopkjg poipkiy pbop itp oivjyy `ksdvyd hd`ko og` edgvdy' Pbd{

poad t~ kyytdy jc o~~vj~vkopkjg kg pbd ~j~tlov og` pbd osogp(eov`d, kg olpdvd`

fkllfjov`y og` pbd ujva jc pbd vdgjugd` ~okgpdv Ibvky Jlk, kg bk~(bj~ og` pbd

ijh~jykpkjgy jc Flo Fovpa og` ]jlpg Aj`l{, og` kg ot`kj hoyb(t~y, vdhkrd

gduy fvjo`ioypy, ~vogay, itlptvd mohhkge, og` hog{ jpbdv itlptvol cjvhy' Pbd

fjvvjukge ~voipkidy pbd{ ijgyk`dv jcpdg vtg ocjtl jc kgpdlldiptol ~vj~dvp{

vdekhdy, og` hog{ jc pbd ijgpvkftpjvy o``vdyy pbd dccdipy jc ij~{vkebp og`

pvo`dhova lou jg ivdopkskp{' Ohjge pbd ijgpvkftpjvy ovd pbd gjsdlkyp og` dyyo{

kyp Mjgopbog Ldpbdh, pbd ~jdp og` itlptvol ivkpki Mjybto Iljsdv, pbd lhhoadv

Ivoke Fol`ukg, pbd bk~(bj~ bkypjvkog Mdcc Iboge, pbd }kgd(hoadv og` yjtg` ijl(

loed ovpkyp Llj{` @tgg, og` Gdeopkslog`, pbd kgcohjty ijlldipksd pbop uoy ytd`

kg ?;;? cjv yoh~lkge T6 kg o yopkvkiol yjtg` ijlloed' Itppkge Oivjyy Hd`ko ky fj

o ydvkjty drohkgopkjg jc ijlloed og` o~~vj~vkopkjg ~voipkidy og` o idldfvopkjg

jc pbdkv pvogycjvhopksd ~jlkpkiol og` itlptvol ~jyykfklkpkdy'

Ijhhtgkiopkjg ky htib lkad o ujva jc ovpkp ky o ~vj(

idyy jc ij~{kge, vd~dopkge, og` sov{kge ubop ud bdov'

Pbdvd ky gj jvkekgopjv jv jugdv jc pbop ubkib ybo~dy

jtv sdv{ fdkge, og` Itppkge Oivjyy Hd`ko `dhjgypvopdy

bju ~loikge vdypvkipkjgy jg ivdopksd ijhhdgpov{ iog

ypkd jtv itlptvol `dsdlj~hdgp'SKIAK FDGGDPP, oao

^dj~ld Lkad TyIjgpvkftpjvyIvoke Fol`ukg

@osk` Fogoyb

Hovity Fjjg

Mdcc Iboge

Mjybto Iljsdv

Ljvvokgd Hjvoldy Ijr

Llj{` @tgg

^kdvvd Mjvky

@jteloy Aobg

Vt`jlc Atdg}lk

Vjf Lopboh

Mjgopbog Ldpbdh

Iovvkd HiLovdg

Adhfvdu HiLdj`

Gdeopkslog`

^bklj P' Covgyujvpb

@osky Yibgdk`dvhog

Ykso Sok`b{ogopbog

Efjv Sl{k

Dso Bdhhtgey Ukvpg

HR Ckvyp Ypvkad'Ibvky Jlk, Pbd Bjl{ Skvekg Hov{, ?;;3' Oiv{lki, jkl, ~jl{dypdv vdykg, ~o~dvijlloed, elkppdv, ho~ ~kgy, og` dld~bogp `tge jg lkgdg, ;3 r 56 kgibdy'

ITLPTVOL YPT@KDY*KGPDLLDIPTOL ^VJ^DVP

Mtl{ 93> ~oedy, 62 klltypvopkjgy "kgilt`kge 0 kg ijljv+ ~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0266(?, $64';4pv*?5';;1 iljpb, ;52(>(2669(02??(4, $;0';4*33'>

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e d g d v o l k g p d v d y p

HTYKI*KGPDLLDIPTOL ^VJ^DVP[

Hovib 9?6 ~oedy ~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0254(5, $69';4pv*?3';;1 iljpb, ;52(>(2669(0230(?, $20';4*4;'>>

Adhfvdu HiLdj` ky Oyyjikopd ^vjcdyyjv jcIjhhtgkiopkjg Ypt`kdy op pbd Tgksdvykp{ jc Kjuo' Bdky pbd otpbjv jcCvdd`jh jc Dr~vdyykjg= Vdykypogid

og` Vd~vdyykjg kg pbd Oed jc Kgpdlldiptol vj~dvp{og`

Jugkge Itlptvd= Otpbjvybk~, Jugdvybk~, og` Kgpdlldiptol

^vj~dvp{ Lou, og` ij(ivdopjv jc pbd jithdgpov{ lh

Ij~{vkebp Ivkhkgoly' ^dpdv @kIjlo ky Oyykypogp ^vjcdyyjvop Gjvpbudypdvg Tgksdvykp{ Yibjjl jc Lou' Bd ky o fjov`

hdhfdv og` cjvhdv Vdydovib @kvdipjv jc pbd Ctptvd jc

Htyki Ijolkpkjg'

Mdgg{ Pjjhd{ky vjevoh Jcidv cjv Hd`ko og` Itlptvol^jlki{ op pbd Cjv` Cjtg`opkjg' Avkypkg Pbjhyjg kyD`tiopkjg @kvdipjv op pbd Ctptvd jc Htyki Ijolkpkjg'

Ivdopksd LkidgydPbd Lou og` Itlptvd jc @kekpol Yoh~lkgeadhfvduhildj`#~dpdv`kijloukpb ijgpvkftpkjgy f{ Mdgg{ Pjjhd{ # Avkypkg Pbjhyjg

Bju `k` pbd @d~vdyykjg(dvo cjla(yjge ijlldipjv Olog Ljhor dg` t~ ukpb o

yjgeuvkpkge ivd`kp jg Mo{(]y yjge Poadjsdv: Ub{ `jdygp Il{`d Yptfflddl`,

pbd ~vkhov{ `vthhdv jg Mohdy Fvjug vdijv`kgey cvjh pbd lopd ?;3>y, kgilt`(

kge Ctga{ @vthhdv og` Ijl` Yudop, edp ~ok` cjv jpbdv htykikogy cvdqtdgp

tyd jc pbd fdopy bd ~dvcjvhd` jg pbjyd yjgey: Pbd htyki kg`typv{y o~~vjoib

pj `kekpol yoh~lkgekgijv~jvopkge ygk~~dpy jc drkypkge vdijv`kgey kgpj gdu

jgdybjl`y pbd ogyudvy'

Dr~ljvkge pbd ijh~ldrkpkdy og` ijgpvo`kipkjgy kg bju yoh~ldy ovd lkidgyd`,

Adhfvdu HiLdj` og` ^dpdv @kIjlo kgpdvskdud` hjvd pbog ?>> htykikogy,

hogoedvy, lou{dvy, kg`typv{ ~vjcdyykjgoly, mjtvgolkypy, og` yibjlovy' Foyd`

jg pbjyd kgpdvskduy, Ivdopksd Lkidgyd ~tpy `kekpol yoh~lkge kgpj bkypjvkiol,

itlptvol, og` ldeol ijgpdrp' Kp dyivkfdy bk~(bj~ tvkge kpy yoh~ld(bdos{

ejl`dg oed kg pbd ?;2>y og` dovl{ ?;;>y1 pbd louytkpy pbop ybo~d` T'Y' ij~{(

vkebp lou jg yoh~lkge1 og` pbd lof{vkgpbkgd lkidgykge ~vjidyy pbop htykikogy

htyp gju goskeopd' Pbd otpbjvy ovetd pbop pbd itvvdgp y{ypdh cjv lkidgykgeyoh~ldy ky kgdcikdgp og` lkhkpy ivdopkskp{' Cjv kgypogid, f{ dypkhopkge pbd

~vdydgp(`o{ lkidgykge cddy cjv pbd Fdoypkd Fj{y ^otly Fjtpkqtd "?;2;+ og`

^tflki Dgdh{y Cdov jc o Floia ^logdp"?;;>+, puj olfthy cvjh bk~(bj~y

ejl`dg oed, pbd otpbjvy ybju pbop gdkpbdv olfth ujtl` fd ijhhdvikoll{ skofld

pj`o{' Jfydvskge pbop pbd yohd `{gohkiy pbop ivdopd ~vjfldhy cjv vdhkrdvy

vdsdvfdvopd pbvjtebjtp oll itlptvd kg`typvkdy, pbd otpbjvy ijgilt`d f{ drohkg(

kge k`doy cjv vdcjvh'

IvdopksdLkidgyd

Pb Lg` Itlpt c@epl Y~lge

Adhfvdu hILdj@ * ^dPdv @kIjLo

Pbd coip pbop o yddhkgel{ ykh~lkypki ovpkypki gjpkjgjc ijlldip(

kge, hdybkge, og` ovvogekge ~vdskjtyl{ vdijv`d` yjtg`y

ujtl` dsdgptoll{ vdytlp kg o ybov~ og` ijh~vdbdgyksd fjja,

Ivdopksd Lkidgyd, og` ijh~ogkjg lh, Ij~{vkebp Ivkhkgoly,

ky hkg`(fjeelkge' Pbky ypt`{ ky o ujva jc ovp kg kpydlc, yj

yjlk` pbop kp ho{ ldosd gj jpbdv ibjkid ftp pj fd yoh~ld`

oy udll'IBTIA @, ij(cjtg`dv jc ^tflki Dgdh{

Adhfvdu HiLdj` og` ^dpdv @kIjlo bosd uvkppdg o hoypdv(

ctl dr~ljvopkjg jc pbd ijh~ldr ivdopksd, gogikol, og` ldeol

kyytdy vokyd` f{ kekpol yoh~lkge' Pbd fjja ybjtl` fdvdqtkvd` vdo`kge cjv og{jgd ukpb o ydvkjty kgpdvdyp kg htyki

ij~{vkebp'MDYYKIO LKPHOG, otpbjv jc@kekpol Ij~{vkebp

Kgpdvskduddy kgilt`d@osk` F{vgd

Idd(Lj Evddg

Edjved Ilkgpjg

@d Lo Yjtl

@M vdhkdv

@M _fdvp

Dildipki Hdpbj`

Dl(^

Ekvl Pola

HophjyHkr Hoypdv Hkad

Gdeopkslog`

^tflki Dgdh{

V]O

Il{`d Yptfflddl`

P'Y' Hjga

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0

e d g d v o l k g p d v d y p

IBKIOGO YPT@KDY*UJHDGY YPT@KDY*EO[ # LDYFKOG YPT@KD

Mtgd 696 ~oedy, ; klltypvopkjgy ~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0;55(2, $66';4pv*?4';;1 iljpb, ;52(>(2669(0;36(0, $5;';4*44'>

Ibdvvd L' Hjvoeo ky og ouov`(ukggkge ~lo{uvkebp,~jdp, dyyo{kyp, og` oipkskyp' Ybd ky pbd otpbjv jcLjskge

kg pbd Uov [dovy og` ij(d`kpjv, ukpb Eljvko Og}ol`o, jc

Pbky Fvk`ed Iolld` H{ Foia= Uvkpkgey f{ Vo`kiol Ujhdg

jc Ijljv' Hjvoeo ky o cjtg`kge hdhfdv jc Lo VD@ Rkiogo

Kg`edgo, o gdpujva jc Rkiogo oipkskypy ijhhkppd` pjkg`kedgjty ~jlkpkiol d`tiopkjg, y~kvkptol ~voipkid, og`

evoyyvjjpy jveogk}kge' Ybd ky og Ovpkyp(kg(Vdyk`dgid kg pbd

@voho @d~ovphdgp op Ypogcjv` Tgksdvykp{, ubdvd ybd olyj

pdoibdy kg pbd vjevoh kg Ijh~ovopksd Ypt`kdy kg Void

og` Dpbgkikp{' Idlko Bdvvdvo Vj`vetd} ky o ~okgpdvog` ~dvcjvhogid og` kgypollopkjg ovpkyp'

O Rkiogo Ij`drjc Ibogekge IjgyikjtygdyyUvkpkgey, 6>>>6>?>ibdvvdl' hjvoeo@voukgey f{ Idlko Bdvvdvo Vj`vetd}

O Rkiogo Ij`dr jc Ibogekge Ijgyikjtygdyy cdoptvdy dyyo{y og` ~jdhy f{ Ibd

L' Hjvoeo, jgd jc pbd hjyp kgtdgpkol etvdy kg Ibkiogo*j, cdhkgkyp, qtddv, og`

kg`kedgjty oipkskyh og` yibjlovybk~' Ijhfkgkge hjskge ~dvyjgol ypjvkdy ukpb p

ibogp ~jlkpkiol og` itlptvol ivkpkqtd, pbd uvkpdv, oipkskyp, pdoibdv, `vohopkyp, hjpb

`otebpdv, ijho`vd, og` ldyfkog ljsdv ljjay foia jg pbd vyp pdg {dovy jc pbd

pudgp{(vyp idgptv{' Ybd ijgyk`dvy `dio`d(`dgkge ~tflki dsdgpy ytib oy ;*?? o

pbd ioh~okeg og` dldipkjg jc Fovoia Jfoho, og` ybd dr~ljvdy yjikjdijgjhki,

ptvol, og` ~jlkpkiol ~bdgjhdgo iljydv pj bjhd, ybovkge bdv cdovy ofjtp vokykge

yjg ohk` kgivdoykge tvfog skjldgid og` pbd hog{ cjvhy jc `dbthogk}opkjg coi

f{ {jtge hdg jc ijljv' Hjvoeo `dyivkfdy bdv `dd~dgkge evkdc oy ybd ljydy bdvhjpbdv pj Ol}bdkhdvy1 ~o{y ~jkegogp pvkftpd pj cvkdg`y ubj ~oyyd` ouo{, kgilt

kge pbd yitl~pjv Hovybo Ehd} og` pbd ~jdpy Olcvd` Ovpdoeo, ^op ^ovadv, og`

Ot`vd Ljv`d1 og` jccdvy o bdovpcdlp dyyo{ ofjtp bdv ~dvyjgol og` ~jlkpkiol vdlop

ybk~ ukpb Eljvko Og}ol`o'

Pbkvp{ {dovy ocpdv pbd ~tflkiopkjg jc Og}ol`o og` Hjvoeoy ijlldipkjg Pbky Fvk`

Iolld` H{ Foia, o log`hova jc ujhdg(jc(ijljv cdhkgkyh, Hjvoeoy lkpdvov{ og`

~jlkpkiol ~vorky vdhokgy hjpksopd` f{ og` kgpdvpukgd` ukpb kg`kedgjty y~kvkptol

og` bdv k`dgpkp{ oy o Ibkiogo ldyfkog' [dp oy~dipy jc bdv pbkgakge bosd iboged`

jsdv pkhd'O Rkiogo Ij`dr jc Ibogekge Ijgyikjtygdyy vdsdoly ad{ pvogycjvhopk

kg Hjvoeoy pbjtebp1 bdv ujvay fvdo`pb, vkejv, og` ~bkljyj~bkiol `d~pb1 bdv skd

jg ijgpdh~jvov{ `dfopdy ofjtp ikpk}dgybk~, khhkevopkjg, og` eo{ hovvkoed1

og` bdv `dd~dgkge kgsjlsdhdgp kg pvogygopkjgol cdhkgkyp og` kg`kedgjty oipksk

Kp ky o homjv ypopdhdgp cvjh jgd jc jtv hjyp kh~jvpogp ~tflki kgpdlldiptoly'

Ibdvvd L' HjvoeoyO Rkiogo Ij`dr jc Ibogekge Ijgyikjtygdyy ky o bj~d ctllld`' Ocpdv

pbd ~oyykge jc Eljvko Og}ol`o, Ibkiogo*j ypt`kdy ytccdvd` yjhdpbkge lkad og dilk~yd

jc pbd hjjg ftp bdvd ijhdy vo`kiol, ivdopksd lkebp kgpj jtv lksdy og` yibjlovybk~ jgid

hjvd' Hjvoeoy kgpdlldiptol og` dhjpkjgol ijtvoed ofjtp ydrtolkp{, void, qtddvgdyy, og`

cdhkgkyp dgdve{ ybjuy ty pbop Fovoia Jfoho og` oll Ohdvkiogy olyj lksd kg pbd pkhd jc

Lopkgjy og` Rkiogoy' Tg`dvl{kge pbdyd dyyo{y ky pbd ivdopksd qtdypkjg bju iog pbky gdu

`dhjevo~b{ jc hog{ ijljvy og` edg`dvy fd itlpksopd` kgpj o gdu `dhjivoi{:@OSK@

IOVVOYIJ, otpbjv jcVdlkekjgy jc Hdyjohdvkio= Ijyhjskykjg og` Idvdhjgkol Idgpdvy

^VOKYD CJV IBDVVD L' HJVOEO

Iog K mtyp yo{ pbop K o`jvd Ibdvvd Hjvoeoy ujva og`pbop ybd ky ofyjltpdl{ dyydgpkol:MTGJP @O], otpbjv

jcPbd Fvkdc Ujg`vjty Lkcd jc Jyiov Uoj

Ibdvvd Hjvoeo ky og kijgki etvdjgd jc pbd ~kjgddvy

jc dvid Ibkiogo, cdhkgkyp, qtddv oipkskyp ijgpdh~jvov{

Gjvpb Ohdvkiog lkpdvoptvd/ Ubop hjvd iog K yo{:

MDYYKIO BOED@JVG, otpbjv jc@jedopdvy

Ksd ljge fddg o evdop o`hkvdv jc Ibdvvd Hjvoeoy ujva1

K pbkga ybdy o pdvvki, fdotpkctl, `ovkge, dldipvkc{kge

uvkpdv/PJG[ ATYBGDV, otpbjv jcOgedly kg Ohdvkio

Ij~{vkebpIbdvvdL'

Hjvoeo

,6>?>

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e d g d v o l k g p d v d y p

Aovlo CI Bjlljuo{ky MohdyF' @tad ^vjcdyyjv jc Dgelkyb

op @tad Tgksdvykp{, ubdvd ybd

olyj bjl`y o~~jkgphdgpy kg pbd

Lou Yibjjl, Ujhdgy Ypt`kdy,

og` Ocvkiog # Ocvkiog OhdvkiogYpt`kdy, og` ky og oclkopd` coi(

tlp{ hdhfdv ukpb pbd Kgypkptpd

jg Iovd op pbd Dg` jc Lkcd og`

pbd Pvdgp Idgpdv cjv Fkjdpbkiy,

Bthogkpkdy # Bkypjv{ jc Hd`kikgd' Ybd ydvsdy jg pbd

Evddguoll Cjtg`opkjgy O`skyjv{ Fjov` kg Fkjdpbkiy, uoy

vdidgpl{ dldipd` pj pbd Boypkgey Idgpdv Cdlljuy Oyyjikopkjg,

og` ky pbd otpbjv jc hog{ fjjay, kgilt`kge Fjjahovay=

Vdo`kge kg Floia og` Ubkpd1 ^oyyd` Jg= Ocvkiog Ohdvkiog

Hjtvgkge Ypjvkdy, olyj ~tflkybd` f{ @tad Tgksdvykp{ ^vdyy1

og` Ij`dy jc Ijg`tip= Void, Dpbkiy, og` pbd Ijljv jc Jtv

Ibovoipdv'

DPBKIY*LOU*HD@KIKGD

Hovib 602 ~oedy ~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0;?5(0, $66';4pv*?4';;1 iljpb, ;52(>(2669(02;0(2, $5;';4*44'>>

^vksopd Fj`kdy, ^tflki PdrpyVoid, Edg`dv, og` o Itlptvol Fkjdpbkiyaovlocibjlljuo{

Kg ^vksopd Fj`kdy, ^tflki Pdrpy, Aovlo

CI Bjlljuo{ drohkgdy kgypogidy ubdvdhd`kiol kyytdy og` kgcjvhopkjg pbop ujtl`

tytoll{ fd yddg oy kgpkhopd, ~vksopd hop(

pdvy ovd cjvid` kgpj pbd ~tflki y~bdvd' Oy

ybd `dhjgypvopdy, pbd vdytlpkge yjikol

`vohoy jcpdg ~lo{ jtp jg pbd fj`kdy jc

ujhdg og` Ocvkiog Ohdvkiogy' Bjlljuo{

`kyityydy pbd y~dipoild jc pbd Pdvvk

Yibkosj vkebp(pj(`kd ioyd og` pbd kgmtypkid

jc hd`kiol vdydovibdvy tyd jc Bdgvkdppo

Loiayy idll lkgd ukpbjtp bdv jv bdv cohkl{y

agjuld`ed jv ~dvhkyykjg' Ybd jccdvy o ~vj(sjiopksd vdo`kge jc pbd Ptyadedd Y{~bklky

Ypt`{ og` o botgpkge oiijtgp jc pbd dpbkiol `kldhhoy pbop ijgcvjgpd` ~b{yk(

ikogy, ~opkdgpy, og` cohklkdy ubdg o bjy~kpol fdiohd o y~oid cjv `{kge vopbdv

pbog bdolkge `tvkge Btvvkiogd Aopvkgo1 dsdg op pbop `kvd hjhdgp, void hoppdvd`'

^vksopd Fj`kdy, ^tflki Pdrpy ky o ijh~dllkge ioll cjv o itlptvol fkjdpbkiy pbop

oppdg`y pj pbd bkypjvkiol og` yjikol coipjvy pbop vdg`dv yjhd ~j~tlopkjgy hjvd

stlgdvofld pbog jpbdvy kg hd`kiol og` ldeol ijgpdrpy' Bjlljuo{ ~vj~jydy lkpdvo(

ptvd oy o ijgid~ptol ogibjv cjv `kyityykjgy jc void, edg`dv, fkjdpbkiy, og` pbd

vkebp pj ~vksoi{' Lkpdvov{ govvopksdy iog oiijhhj`opd pbkia `dyivk~pkjg, htlpk~ld

ytfmdipkskpkdy, ijgpvo`kipkjg, og` ijh~ldrkp{'

Aovlo CI Bjlljuo{

^vksopd

Fj`kdy,

^tFlkI

pdrpy

Void, Edg`dV,

og` o itlptVol

Fkjdpbkiy

^oyyd` Jg=

Ocvkiog Ohdvkiog Hjtvgkge Ypjvkdy=

O Hdhjvkol

Aovlo CI Bjlljuo{

~o~dv, $66';4pv*?4';;

;52(>(2669(9604(; * 6>>9

OLYJ F[ AOVL O CI BJLLJUO[Aovlo CI Bjlljuo{ boy uvkppdg og kh~jvpogp fjja ubkib ibolldgedy pbd jfmdipkiopkjg

jc ~opkdgpy ypjvkdy ubkib ky yj ijhhjg kg pbd ~voipkid jc fkjdpbkiy' Bdv kyityykjg jc pbd

dsdgpy op Hdhjvkol Hd`kiol Idgpdv ocpdv Aopvkgo ukll fdijhd o iloyyki kg pbd dl`' Ftp hjyp

kh~jvpogpl{, ybd ybjuy ty pbop pbd ~voipkid jc fkjdpbkiy htyp iboged kc kp ky pj ytiidyyctll{

vdlopd pj pbd kyytdy vokyd` f{ pbd pbkia govvopksdy jc vdolkp{'FOVTIB O' FVJ@[, Fo{ljv

Ijllded jc Hd`kikgd

Aovlo CI Bjlljuo{ ybjuy bju dsoltd` edg`dv og` voikol k`dgpkpkdy gjp jgl{ ydp pbd ypoed

cjv ~oyp fkjhd`kiol oftydy ftp ovd kvjgkioll{ vd~lkiopd` kg pbd ~ovo`kehopki droh~ldy pbop

ijgpdh~jvov{ fkjdpbkiy kgsjady kg pbd yt~~jyd` ydvskid jc ijvvdipkge pbjyd oftydy' Pbky

ky o ytfpld, ibolldgekge fjja'VJFDVP O' FTVP, Oldrog`dv H' Fkiadl vjcdyyjv jc Lou,

[old Tgksdvykp{

^vksopd Fj`kdy, tflki Pdrpy ky oy ~judvctl oy kp ky fdotpkctll{ uvkppdg' Aovlo CI Bjlljuo{y

ky o sdv{ kc cdvdgp akg` jc fkjdpbkiy, jgd pbop ibolldgedy ty pj pbkga fjpb hjvd fvjo`l{

og` hjvd y~dikioll{ ofjtp ubop ~vksoi{ og` mtypkid hdog' Og` ybd vdhkg`y ty, ukpb

yjhdpkhdy ~kdvikge kgykebp, mtyp bju ivkpkiol edg`dv og` void iog fd kg hoakge hdogkge

jtp jc fjpb'VTPB V' CO@DG, @kvdipjv, Mjbgy Bj~akgy Fdvhog Kgypkptpd jc Fkjdpbkiy

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e d g d v o l k g p d v d y p

3OVP*OCVKIOG OHDVKIOG YPT@KDY*UJHDGY YPT@KDY

Hovib 932 ~oedy, 3; klltypvopkjgy "kgilt`kge ?5 kg ijljv+

~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0;6>(0, $64';4pv*?5';;iljpb, ;52(>(2669(02;3(6, $;0';4*33'>>

OVP BKYPJV[*UJHDGY YPT@KDY

Hovib 993 ~oedy, 42 klltypvopkjgy "kgilt`kge ?2 ijljv ~lopdy+

~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(05;;(3, $60';4pv*?3';;iljpb, ;52(>(2669(0526(2, $2;';4*36'>>

O`vkog k~dvVoid, Edg`dv, og` Dhfj`khdgpmjbg~' fjuldy

Fdekggkge kg ?;56, pbd ovpkyp O`vkog ^k~dv fdeog ~dvkj`kioll{ `vdyyoy o ~dvyjgo iolld` pbd H{pbki Fdkge, ypvk`kge pbd ypvddpy jc Gdu [

kg o htypoibd, Ocvj uke, og` hkvvjvd` ytgeloyydy ukpb o ikeov kg pb

ijvgdv jc bdv hjtpb' Bdv H{pbki Fdkge ~dvcjvhogidy ivkpkioll{ dge

ukpb ~j~tlov vd~vdydgpopkjgy jc void, edg`dv, ydrtolkp{, og` iloyy,

ibolldgekge skdudvy pj oiid~p ~dvyjgol vdy~jgykfklkp{ cjv rdgj~bjf

`kyivkhkgopkjg, og` pbd ijg`kpkjgy pbop olljud` pbdh pj ~dvykyp' ^k

ujva ijgcvjgpy skdudvy og` cjvidy pbdh pj vdijgyk`dv oyyth~pkjg

ofjtp pbd yjikol ijgypvtipkjg jc k`dgpkp{'O`vkog ^k~dv= Void, Edg`

og` Dhfj`khdgpky og kg(`d~pb ogol{yky jc pbky evjtg`fvdoakge ov

ujva, klltypvopd` ukpb hjvd pbog gkgdp{ khoedy, kgilt`kge pudgp{(

sd kg ijljv' Jsdv pbd ijtvyd jc o `dio`d, Mjbg ^' Fjuldy og` ^k~d

ijgsdvyd` ofjtp bdv ovp, kpy hdogkge, vdid~pkjg, og` vdlopkjg pj bd

yibjlovybk~ jg Aogpy ~bkljyj~b{' @voukge jg pbjyd ijgsdvyopkjgy

Fjuldy ljiopdy ^k~dvy ujva op pbd gdrty jc Ijgid~ptol og` Cdhkg

ovp jc pbd lopd ?;3>y og` ?;5>y' ^k~dv uoy pbd jgl{ Ocvkiog Ohdvkio

ujhog oyyjikopd` ukpb pbd Ijgid~ptol ovpkypy jc pbd ?;3>y og` jg

jc jgl{ o cdu Ocvkiog Ohdvkiogy pj ~ovpkik~opd kg drbkfkpkjgy jc pbd

goyidgp cdhkgkyp ovp hjsdhdgp kg pbd dovl{ ?;5>y' Fjuldy ijgpdg`

pbop ^k~dvy ujva ky tlpkhopdl{ ofjtp jtv vdy~jgykfklkp{ cjv pbd ujv

kg ubkib ud lksd'

Mjbg ^' Fjuldy ky Oyyjikopd ^vjcdyyjv jc Ocvkiog Ohdvkiog Ovp op pbdTgksdvykp{ jc Gjvpb Iovjlkgo, Ibo~dl Bkll' Bky ovpkildy og` ovp ivkpki kyh bo

o~~dovd` kg ~tflkiopkjgy ytib oy Ykegy= Mjtvgol jc Ujhdg kg Itlptvd og`

Yjikdp{,Ohdvkiog Ovp,Ovp Mjtvgol,Ovp kg Ohdvkio, og`Ovp ^o~dvy'

Dgoipkge Jpbdvy^jlkpkiy jc K`dgpkp{ kg Dldogjv Ogpkg, Gkaak Y'Ldd, O`vkog ^k~dv, og` Oggo @dosdvd Yhkpbibdvkydyhkpb

Pbd ovpkypy O`vkog ^k~dv, Dldogjv Ogpkg, Oggo @dosdvd Yhkpb, og`

Gkaak Y' Ldd bosd oll ivjyyd` voikol, dpbgki, edg`dv, og` iloyy fjtg`(

ovkdy kg ujvay pbop pbd{ bosd ijgidksd` og` ~dvcjvhd`' Ibdvkyd

Yhkpb ogol{}dy pbdkv ijh~ldr dgeoedhdgpy ukpb kyytdy jc k`dgpkp{

pbvjteb iljyd vdo`kgey jc o ykegkiogp ~dvcjvhogid, jv ydvkdy jc ~dv(

cjvhogidy, f{ doib ovpkyp' Ybd drohkgdy ^k~dvy ~tflki dhfj`khdgp

jc pbd H{pbki Fdkge, o ujvakge(iloyy floia hog, `tvkge pbd dovl{

?;5>y1 Ogpkgy ctll(pkhd drkypdgid oy pbd ipkpkjty floia folldvkgo

Dldogjvo Ogpkgjso cjv ydsdvol udday kg ?;2?1 og` @dosdvd Yhkpby

ybkcpkge ohjge hjvd pbog pudgp{ ibovoipdvy jc `kccdvdgp oedy og`

voikol, dpbgki, edg`dv, og` iloyy foiaevjtg`y kg bdv ybju Puklkebp=

Ljy Ogedldy' Ybd olyj ijgyk`dvy Lddy ~dvcjvhogidy jc hdhfdv(

ybk~ kg itlptvol evjt~ykgilt`kge yukge `ogidvy, bk~(bj~ `dsjpddy,yaopdfjov`dvy, `voe qtddgy, og` {t~~kdykg bdv^vjmdipydvkdy

"?;;56>>?+' F{ `voukge jg ijgsdgpkjgy ytib oy ~oyykge, floiacoid,

hkgypvdly{, ivjyy(`vdyykge, og` voe, pbdyd ovpkypy bkeblkebp pbd

ijgypvtipd`gdyy og` tk`kp{ jc k`dgpkp{ og` k`dgpkiopkjgy' Dgoipkge

Jpbdvy ky o ~vjsjiopksd oiijtgp jc bju void kgcjvhy ijgpdh~jvov{

ovp og` cdhkgkyp ~dvcjvhogid ~voipkidy'

Ibdvkyd Yhkpb ky Oyykypogp ^vjcdyyjv jc Ovp Bkypjv{ op pbd Tgksdvykp{jc Pdroy, Otypkg'

V o i d , E d g ` d V , o g ` d h f j ` k h d g p

O`vkOg ^k^dv

Mb ^' fuly

Mjbg ^' FjuldyyO`vkog ^k~dv= Void, Edgog` Dhfj`khdgpky o evjtg`fvdoakge, h

ljtyl{ vdydovibd`, og` fdotpkctll{ uvkppdg

pdrp pbop ibolldgedy kpy vdo`dvy pj tg`dvy

O`vkog k~dvy dovl{ ujva kg ~vjsjiopksd

gdu uo{y' Kg jkge yj, Fjuldy cjvidy ty

vd(dsoltopd jtv tg`dvypog`kge jc pbd bkyp

jc ijgid~ptolkyh, hkgkholkyh, cdhkgkyh,

pbdkv kgpdvydipkjgy ukpb pbd skytol ~voipki

Ocvkiog Ohdvkiog ovpkypy'YPDSDG GD

Tgksdvykp{ jc Iolkcjvgko, Ljy Ogedldy

Ibdvkyd Yhkpb uvkpdy dljqtdgpl{ oeokgyp pbd gjpkjg jc ~jyp(k`dgpkp{ ~jlkpkiy,

tykge bdv tg`dvypog`kge jc pbd ~dvykypdgp ~jlkpkiy jc k`dgpkp{ pj pvoid pbd

fjtg`ov{(ivjyykge ~voipkidy jc pbdyd cjtv kh~jvpogp ovpkypy' Ybd `kyityydy

y~dipopjvy k`dgpkiopkjg ypvopdekdy, ftp add~y og oyptpd ivkpkiol d{d jg pbd

hopdvkol ijv~jvdol ikvithypogidy jc lkskge ukpbkg k`dgpkp{ op pbky ~ovp kitlov

bkypjvkiol hjhdgp'MKLL @JLOG, vkgidpjg Tgksdvykp{

Gkaak Y' Ldd, Pbd ^tga ^vjmdip"3+, ?;;5,Ctmkdr ~vkgp' Ijtvpdy{ jc YkaadhoMdgakgy # Ij'

Gkaak Y' Ldd, Pbd [t~~kd vjmdip"?4+, ?;;2,Ctmkdr ~vkgp' Ijtvpdy{ jc Ykaadho Mdgakgy # Ij'

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e d g d v o l k g p d v d y p

OVP*OCVKIOG OHDVKIOG YPT@KDY*UJHDGY YPT@KDY

Mtl{ 030 ~oedy, 65 klltypvopkjgy ~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0259(9, $65';4pv*?2';;1 iljpb, ;52(>(2669(023?(>, $;;';4*3;'>>

Adllkd Mjgdy ky Oyyjikopd^vjcdyyjv kg pbd @d~ovphdjc Ovp Bkypjv{ og`

Ovibodjlje{ op Ijlthfko

Tgksdvykp{' Ybd ky pbd otpb

jc ydsdvol fjjay og` drbkf

pkjg iopoljetdy, kgilt`kge

Dgdve{*Dr~dvkhdgpopkjg=

Floia Ovpkypy og` Ofypvoipk

?;30?;2>1 Foyqtkop1 og`

"ukpb Pbdlho Ejl`dg og` Ibvkyykd Kldy+ Ljvgo Ykh~yjg'OhkvFovoao ky o vdsjltpkjgov{ ~jlkpkiol oipkskyp og` pbd otpbjv jhjvd pbog cjvp{ fjjay jc dyyo{y, ~jdhy, `voho, og` ivkpkikyh

Bdppkd Mjgdy ky o ~jdp og` pbd otpbjv jc pbd hdhjkvBju KFdiohd Bdppkd Mjgdy' Ybd ky jg pbd coitlp{ jc pbd evo`topd ~

evoh kg ivdopksd uvkpkge op Pbd Gdu Yibjjl' Lkyo Mjgdy ky oyivddguvkpdv, mjtvgolkyp, ~lo{uvkebp, og` otpbjv' Ybd uvjpd cj

pbd Sklloed Sjkid cjv cpddg {dovy, ubdvd ybd uoy udll(agjug

cjv bdv Yakg Pvo`d ijlthgy, o ydldipkjg jc ubkib udvd ijl(

ldipd` kg Ftlldp~vjjc @kso= Poldy jc Void, Ydr, og` Bokv' Etpb^' Vohyd{ Mv' ky pbd D`htg` M' og` Ljtkyd U' Aobg Pdvh^vjcdyyjv jc Htyki op pbd Tgksdvykp{ jc dggy{lsogko' Bd ky pb

otpbjv jcVoid Htyki= Floia Itlptvdy cvjh Fdfj~ pj Bk~(Bj~

ijh~jydv, ovvogedv, og` ad{fjov`kyp1 og` pbd cjtg`dv jc pbd

fog` Htyk_jlje['

D{dHkg`d`Lkskge og` Uvkpkge Ijgpdh~jvov{ OvpadllkdmjgdyUkpb ijgpvkftpkjgy f{ Ohkvk Fovoao, Bdppkd Mjgdy,Lkyo Mjgdy, og` Etpbvkd ^' Vohyd{ Mv'

O `otebpdv jc pbd ~jdpy

Bdppkd Mjgdy og` Ohkvk

Fovoao, Adllkd Mjgdy evdu

t~ khhdvyd` kg o ujvl`

jc ovpkypy, htykikogy, og`

uvkpdvy kg Hogboppogy

Doyp Sklloed, og` ofyjvfd`

kg floia gopkjgolkyp k`doy

ofjtp ovp, ~jlkpkiy, og`

yjikol mtypkid oivjyy pbd

vksdv kg Gduova' Pbd oipks(kyp skykjg jc ovp og` itlptvd

pbop ybd ldovgd` kg pbjyd

puj ijhhtgkpkdy, og` dy~dikoll{ cvjh bdv cohkl{, bosd ybo~d` bdv lkcd og`

bdv ujva oy og ovp ivkpki og` itvopjv' Cdoptvkge ydldipkjgy jc bdv uvkpkgey cvjh

pbd ~oyp pudgp{ {dovy, D{dHkg`d`vdsdoly Mjgdyy vjld kg fvkgekge oppdgpkjg pj

pbd ujva jc Ocvkiog Ohdvkiog, Ocvkiog, Lopkg Ohdvkiog, og` ujhdg ovpkypy ubj

bosd ibolldged` dypoflkybd` ovp ~voipkidy' Kgpdvskduy pbop ybd ijg`tipd` ukpb

pbd ~okgpdv Bjuov`dgo ^kg`dll, pbd kgypollopkjg og` ~dvcjvhogid ovpkyp @osk`

Bohhjgy, og` pbd Itfog yitl~pjv Aibj o~~dov oljge ukpb ~kdidy jg pbd ~bj(

pjevo~bdvy @oujt` Fd{, Ljvgo Ykh~yjg, og` ^op Uov` Ukllkohy1 pbd yitl~pjv

Hovpkg ^tv{dov1 pbd oyydhfloed ovpkyp Fdp{d Yoov1 og` pbd ~okgpdvy Mdog(Hkibdl

Foyqtkop, Gjvhog Lduky, og` Ol Ljskge' Vddipkge Mjgdyy itvopjvkol ydgykfkl(

kp{, pbky ijlldipkjg ky ypvtiptvd` oy o `koljetd fdpuddg bdv uvkpkgey og` ujvay

f{ bdv ~ovdgpy, bdv ykypdv Lkyo Mjgdy, og` bdv btyfog` Etpbvkd ^' Vohyd{ Mv'

D{dHkg`d`jccdvy o elkh~yd kgpj pbd cohkl{ ijgsdvyopkjg pbop boy ybo~d` og`

ytypokgd` Mjgdy, kgykebp kgpj pbd `dsdlj~hdgp jc bdv ivkpkiol og` itvopjvkol

oithdg, og` o ytvsd{ jc yjhd jc pbd hjyp kh~jvpogp etvdy kg ijgpdh~jvov{

ovp'

D{dHkg`d`ky og kh~vdyyksd ijlldipkjg jc dyyo{y f{ Adllkd Mjgdy, o htib yjtebp ocpdv

yibjlov, ~vjlki uvkpdv, og` drpvojv`kgov{ itvopjv ubjyd ujvay K bosd o`hkvd` cjv hog{

{dovy' Ybd fdeog bdv iovddv kg pbd hk`(?;2>y, tgijsdvkge og` vdijsdvkge Ocvkiog og`

Ocvkiog Ohdvkiog ovpkypy f{ jveogk}kge drbkfkpkjgy, uvkpkge dyyo{y, og` ldiptvkge jg yjhd

jc pbd pbdg ldyydv(agjug ovpkypy' K fdlkdsd pbop ybd uoy kgypvthdgpol kg kgpvj`tikge pj o

lovedv og` ijgpdh~jvov{ ~tflki pbd ujvay jc floia ovpkypy jc pbd Ocvkiog `koy~jvo, kgilt`(

kge yjhd jc pbd hjyp gjpd` ovpkypy ujvakge pj`o{'@DFJVOB UKLLKY, otpbjv jc

^jykge Fdotp{= Ocvkiog Ohdvkiog Khoedy cvjh pbd ?2;>y pj pbd ^vdydgp

Hovpkg ^tv{dov, Kgypollopkjg skdu jcVoubk`d Ijgd op Yog CvogikyijHtydth jc Hj`dvg Ovp kg Hovpkg ^tv{dov, Gjsdhfdv 2, 6>>2Mogtov{64, 6>>;' Ij~{vkebp Hovpkg ^tv{dov' Khoed ijtvpdy{ YCHJHO'

Fjf Pbjh~yjg, LdVjk Mjgdy og` Bky Cohkl{, ?;30' "Jkl jg iogsoy , 93 9*2 r 02 kgBkvybbjvg Htydth og` Yitl~ptvd Eov`dg, Yhkpbyjgkog Kgypkptpkjg, Uoybkgepjg,

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2OVP*ITLPTVOL YPT@KD

Hovib 96> ~oedy, 94 klltypvopkjgy "kgilt`kge ?9 kg ijljv+ ~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0246(2, $64';4pv*?5';;1 iljpb, ;52(>(2669(029;(;, $;0';4*33'>

Oldrky L' Fj{log ky Oyykypogp vjcdyyjv kg Vdyk`dgid

kg pbd Ovp og` Ovp Bkypjv{ @d~ovphdgp og` UjhdgyYpt`kdy vjevoh op pbd Tgksdvykp{ jc Ijggdipkitp'

Pbjhoy Akgao`dPbd Ovpkyp kg pbd Holloldrkyl' fj{log, d`kpjv

Jcpdg cdoptvkge lkebpbjtydy, fvk`edy, jv qtokgp ijtgpv{ bjhdy, Pbjhoy Akgao`

yjcp(cjity log`yio~dy bosd ~dvhdopd` Ohdvkiog skytol itlptvd tvkge pbd ~oyppudgp{ {dovy, o~~dovkge jg dsdv{pbkge cvjh fkfldy pj fd` ybddpy pj Skyo iov`y

Pbd ydlc(~vjilokhd` ^okgpdv jc Lkebp boy oibkdsd` pbky cdop f{ ydllkge bky ujva

kg bky jug ybj~~kge(holl eolldvkdy og` pbvjteb _SI, pbd Kgpdvgdp, og` Ibvkypkog

ypjvdy' Akgao`d ky qtkpd ~jyykfl{ pbd hjyp ijlldipd` ovpkyp kg pbd Tgkpd` Ypopdy'

Ubkld hog{ ovp(ujvl` og` oio`dhki ivkpkiy bosd `kyhkyyd` bkh oy o ~oyykge co

jv hovadpkge ~bdgjhdgjg, pbd ijgpvkftpjvy pj pbky ijlldipkjg `j gjp' Kgypdo`,

pbd{ dr~ljvd bky ujva og` kpy kh~oip jg ijgpdh~jvov{ ovp oy ~ovp jc pbd fvjo`

bkypjv{ jc Ohdvkiog skytol itlptvd' Pbd{ ijgyk`dv Akgao`dy khoedv{ og` iovddv

kg vdlopkjg pj gkgdpddgpb(idgptv{ Itvvkdv og` Ksdy ~vkgpy og` Og`vdy Ydvvogjy

^kyy Ibvkyp, pbd ijlldipkfldy hovadp og` pbd gd(ovp hovadp, pbd Pbjhoy Akgao`

Htydth og` Itlptvol Idgpdv og` Pbd Sklloed op Bk``dgfvjjad, o Iolkcjvgkobjtykge `dsdlj~hdgp kgy~kvd` f{ Akgao`dy ~okgpkgey' Pbd ijgid~ptol ovpkyp

Mdccvd{ Sollogid, itvopjv jc pbd vyp homjv htydth drbkfkpkjg jc Akgao`dy ovp

og` ijlldipkfldy, vdijtgpy bky dr~dvkdgidy jveogk}kge pbop ybju' Pbd ijgpvkftpj

fvkge ovp bkypjv{, skytol itlptvd, og` itlptvol ypt`kdy ~dvy~dipksdy pj fdov oy pbd

ydda pj tg`dvypog` Akgao`dy ykegkiogid cjv fjpb ovp og` bky ot`kdgidy' Oljge

pbd uo{, pbd{ `dlsd kgpj qtdypkjgy ofjtp fdotp{, iloyy, akpyib, vdlkekjg, og` poy

kg ijgpdh~jvov{ ovp'

Op loyp, o pbjtebpctl fjja jg Pbjhoy Akgao`d' Pbky ky

htib hjvd pbog o ioyd jc skytol ypt`kdy vd~loikge ovp

bkypjv{ ukpb yjikol og` dijgjhki ogol{ydy= pbd ijgpvkf(

tpjvy uvdypld ukpb soltd, qtolkp{, kvjg{, ydlc(vddrkskp{,

odypbdpkiy, poypd, ijh~ldrkp{, iloyy, vdlkekjg, gjypol(

eko, og` akpyib' @dy~kpd ubop ydsdvol otpbjvy ovetd

jv bj~d, pbky dridlldgp fjja kh~lkdy Akgao`d ky sdv{

htib o ~ovp jc ijgpdh~jvov{ gd ovp= bd pvjtfldy pbd

`kyijtvydy jc ovp bkypjv{, ovp pbdjv{, og` skytol ypt`kdy

kg mtyp pbd uo{ og drdh~lov{ ovpkyp ybjtl`'MOHDY

DLAKGY, otpbjv jcJg pbd Ypvoged ^loid jc Vdlkekjg kg

Ijgpdh~jvov{ Ovp

IjgpvkftpjvyMtlko Ol`dvyjg

Oldrky L' Fj{log

Oggo Fv}{yak

Ydpb Cdhog

Hjgkio Amdllhog(Ibo~kg

Hkiak HiDl{o

Aovol Ogg Hovlkge

@osk` Hjveog

Ibvkypj~bdv D' H' ^dovyjg

Og`vdo Ujla Voedv

Mdccvd{ Sollogid

Pbjhoy Akgao`d, 6>>4' "^bjpj ijtjc Tgkpd` Ydvskid Jveogk}opkjgy+'

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OVP*IVOCPY*UJHDGY YPT@KDY

Hovib 900 ~oedy, 59 ijljv klltypvopkjgy, 2 f#u klltypvopkjgy ~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0536(>, $60';4pv*?3';;1 iljpb, ;52(>(2669(059;(6, $2;';4*36'>>

Hovko Dldgo Fty}daky o ivkpki, itvopjv, og` Oyyjikopd^vjcdyyjv jc Ovp Bkypjv{ op pbd Tgksdvykp{ jc Ijljvo`j' Ybd

ky pbd otpbjv jc pbd fjja ^kg(T~ Evvvly= Cdhkgkyh, Ydrtolkp{,

^j~tlov Itlptvd, olyj ~tflkybd` f{ @tad Tgksdvykp{ ^vdyy'

Ybd boy uvkppdg cjv hoeo}kgdy og` mjtvgoly kgilt`kge FTYP,

Ovp kg Ohdvkio, og` ^bjpjevo~b{ _tovpdvl{'

Drpvo*Jv`kgov{Ivocp og` Ijgpdh~jvov{ Ovphovkodldgofty}da, d`kpjv

Ijgpdh~jvov{ ovpkypy ytib oy Ebo`o Ohdv og` Ilovd Pujhd{ bosd eokgd`

kgpdvgopkjgol vd~tpopkjgy cjv ujva pbop pvogycjvhy jv`kgov{ ivocp hd`ko og`

~vjidyydy kgpj drpvojv`kgov{ ijgid~ptol ovp, cvjh Ohdvy hjgthdgpol ypkpibd`

~okgpkgey pj Pujhd{y loved, idvohkiy(foyd` kgypollopkjgy' @dy~kpd pbd ohjtgp

jc oppdgpkjg pbop itvopjvy og` eolldv{ jugdvy bosd ~ok` pj pbdyd og` hog{

jpbdv ijgid~ptol ovpkypy ubj kgijv~jvopd ivocp kgpj pbdkv ujva, cdu ovp ivkpkiy

jv yibjlovy bosd dr~ljvd` pbd bkypjvkiol jv ijgid~ptol ykegkiogid jc ivocp kg

ijgpdh~jvov{ ov p' Drpvo*Jv`kgov{poady t~ pbop poya' Vddipkge jg ubop ivocp

boy ijhd pj hdog kg vdidgp dio`dy, ovpkypy, ivkpkiy, itvopjvy, og` yibjlovy

`dsdlj~ pbdjvkdy jc ivocp kg vdlopkjg pj ovp, ibvjgkild bju gd ovp kgypkptpkjgy

tg`dvypog` og` drbkfkp ivocp hd`ko, og` jccdv oiijtgpy jc oipkskyp ivoc pkge, jv

ivocpkskyh' Yjhd ijgpvkftpjvy `dyivkfd edgdvopkjgol og` kgypkptpkjgol ibogedy

tg`dvuo{, ubkld jpbdvy ykegol gdu `kvdipkjgy cjv yibjlovybk~, ijgyk`dvkge

ivocp kg vdlopkjg pj qtddv pbdjv{, hoyitlkgkp{, og` yikdgid' Dgijh~oyykge qtklpy,

idvohkiy, ldppdv~vdyy fjjay, uoll~o~dv, og` pdrpkldy, og` hjskge cvjh udll(

agjug htydthy pj bjhd ujvaybj~y pj ~jlkpkiol ~vjpdypy, Drpvo*Jv`kgov{ky og

dildipki kgpvj`tipkjg pj pbd ivocp itlptvd vdcdvdgid` og` idldfvopd` f{ ovpkypy~vjhjpkge gdu uo{y jc pbkgakge ofjtp pbd vjld jc ivocp kg ijgpdh~jvov{ ovp'

Ivocp og` Ijgpdh~jvov{ ovp

Hovko DlDgo Fty}Da,d`kpjv

Drpvo*jv`kgov{

IjgpvkftpjvyDlkyyo Otpbdv

Ogpbdo Floia

Fdpp{ Fvkebp

Gkijld Ftvkyib

Hovko Dldgo Fty}da

Mj @obg

H' Oggo Covkdllj

Fdpy{ Evddv

Og`vdu Moiayjg

Mogky Mdccdvkdy

Ljtkyd Ho}ogpk

^otlo Judg

Aovkg D' dpdvyjg

Loid{ Mogd Vjfdvpy

Akvyp{ Vjfdvpyjg

@dggky Ypdsdgy

Hoveovdp Udvpbdkh

OLYJ F[ HOVKO DLDGO FTY]DA

^kg(t~ Evvvly=

Cdhkgkyh, Ydrtolkp{, ^j~tlov Itlptvd

Hovko Dldgo Fty}da

~o~dv, $64';4pv*?5';;

;52(>(2669(9503(? * 6>>3

Hovko Dldgo Fty}da boy ijh~kld` og ogpbjlje{ pbop hopibdy p

`{gohkyh jc o dl` kg tr' Oy o htydth itvopjv vdy~jgykfld

cjv dsdlj~kge drbkfkpkjgy ubkib drohkgd ijgpdh~jvov{ ivoc p,

K oipksdl{ ydda pjjly pbop ~vjsk`d ijgpdrp cjv ivocp cvjh ukpbkg,

oivjyy, og` jtpyk`d jc pbky ovdgoy bkypjvki fjv`dvy' Pbd dyyo{y

ijh~kld` bdvd ~vjsk`d oiidyy pj ksdvyd sjkidy og` o~~vjoibd

llkge o itvvdgp sjk` kg yibjlovybk~ og` dgeoekge ivocp c vjh

o voged jc ~dvy~dipksdy og` ~loidy kg o ybkcpkge itlptvdyio~d'

GOHKPO ET^PO UKEEDVY, Htydth jc Ijgpdh~jvov{ Ivoc

Hovko Dldgo Fty}day sjlthd ivkpkioll{ tgvosdly oyyth~pkjgy ofjtp ivocp og` ~kdidy

pjedpbdv gdu pbdjvkdy ofjtp ijgpdh~jvov{ bog`hoakge pbop ovd op jgid skfvogp,

pdrptvd`, og` gdidyyovkl{ yivo~~{'MTLKO FV[OG(UKLYJG , Tgksdvykp{ jc Iolkcjvgko,

Kvskgd

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?>

e d g d v o l k g p d v d y p

ITLPTVOL YPT@KDY*GDU HD@K

Otetyp 6;3 ~oedy, 99 klltypvopkjgy ~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0004(6, $64';4*?5';;1 iljpb, ;52(>(2669(0099(;, $;0';4*33'>

Oggd Folyohj ky vjcdyyjv jc Kgpdvoipksd Hd`ko

kg pbd Yibjjl jc Ikgdhopki Ovpy op pbd Tgksdvykp{jc Yjtpbdvg Iolkcjvgko, ubdvd ybd ky olyj vjcdyyjv

jc Ijhhtgkiopkjg kg pbd Oggdgfdve Yibjjl cjv

Ijhhtgkiopkjg # Mjtvgolkyh' Ybd ky o ij(cjtg`dv jc

Jgjh{ Lofy, o Yklkijg Solld{ pdibgjlje{ dykeg og`

cofvkiopkjg ijh~og{ pbop ftkl`y itlptvol pdibgjljekdy'

^vdskjtyl{, ybd uoy o hdhfdv jcVD@ "Vdydovib jg

Dr~dvkhdgpol @jithdgpy+, o ijllofjvopksd vdydovib

evjt~ op Rdvjr^OVI pbop ivdopd` dr~dvkhdgpol vdo`kge

`dskidy og` gdu hd`ko edgvdy' Ybd ky pbd otpbjv jc

Pdibgjljekdy jc pbd Edg`dvd` Fj`{= Vdo`kge I{fjve

Ujhdg, olyj ~tflkybd` f{ @tad Tgksdvykp{ ^vdyy'

@dykegkge ItlptvdPbd Pdibgjljekiol Khoekgopkjg op Ujvaoggdfolyohj

Pbd vdgjugd` itlptvol pbdjvkyp og` hd`ko `dykegdv Oggd Folyohj hokgpokgy

pbop pdibgjlje{ og` itlptvd ovd kgyd~ovofld1 pbjyd ubj dgeoed kg pdibgjljekio

kggjsopkjg ovd `dykegkge pbd itlptvdy jc pbd ctptvd' @dykegkge Itlptvd ky o ioll

cjv poakge itlptvd ydvkjtyl{ kg pbd `dykeg og` `dsdlj~hdgp jc kggjsopksd pdibgj

jekdy' Folyohj ijgpdg`y pbop pbd udlly~vkge jc pdibgjljekiol kggjsopkjg ky pbd

pdibgjljekiol khoekgopkjg, o qtolkp{ jc hkg` pbop dgofldy ~dj~ld pj pbkga ukpb

pdibgjlje{, pj pvogycjvh ubop ky agjug kgpj ubop ky ~jyykfld' Ybd `dyivkfdy pb

pdibgjljekiol khoekgopkjg op ujva kg ydsdvol htlpkhd`ko ijllofjvopkjgy kg ubkib

ybd uoy kgsjlsd` oy o `dykegdv jv `dsdlj~dv' Jgd jc pbdyd dgpokld` pbd ivdopkj

jc og kgpdvoipksd `jithdgpov{ cjv pbd GEJ Cjvth bdl` kg ijgmtgipkjg ukpb pbd

TG Ujvl` Ijgcdvdgid jg Ujhdg kg Fdkmkge kg ?;;4' "Pbop `jithdgpov{ ky

kgilt`d` oy o @S@ kg @dykegkge Itlptvd'+ Folyohj olyj vdijtgpy pbd `dsdlj~hd

jc pbd kgpdvoipksd htydth drbkfkpRCV= Dr~dvkhdgpy kg pbd Ctptvd jc Vdo`kge,

ivdopd` f{ pbd evjt~ VD@ "Vdydovib kg Dr~dvkhdgpol @jithdgpy+ op Rdvjr^OVI

Ybd y~ditlopdy jg ubop kp ujtl` hdog pj itlpksopd khoekgopkjgy oy kgedgkjty

kg ivdopkge gdu `dhjivopki itlptvol ~jyykfklkpkdy oy pbd{ ovd kg ivdopkge gdu akg

jc pdibgjljekdy og` `kekpol hd`ko' @dykegkge Itlptvd ky o hogkcdypj cjv pvogy(cjvhkge d`tiopkjgol ~vjevohy og` `dsdlj~kge ldovgkge ypvopdekdy o`dqtopd pj

pbd poya jc kgy~kvkge itlptvoll{ opptgd` pdibgjljekiol khoekgopkjgy'

Pbky ky o evdop fjja pbop ybjtl` fd vdo` f{ og{jgd kgpdv(

dypd` kg ivdopkge gdu pdibgjljekdy jc pbd khoekgopkjg

cjv dgbogikge ldovgkge kg pbd pudgp{(vyp idgptv{ og`

cjv ivdopkge dr~vdyyksd itlptvol ~lopcjvhy cjv pbd ctptvd'

MJBG YDDL[ FVJUG, Cjvhdv Ibkdc Yikdgpkyp, Rdvjr

Ijv~, og` @kvdipjv jc Rdvjr, ^olj Olpj Vdydovib Idgpdv

" OVI+

@dykegkge Itlptvd ky o vjo`ho~ pj pbd pdibgjljekiol

khoekgopkjg, ~vjsk d` f{ jgd jc jtv fdyp pbdjvkypy og`

~voipkpkjgdvy' Bdv ovibkpdiptvd jc pbd ctptvd vdypy yjlk`l{

jg bdv jug dr~dvkhdgpy, kgsdgpkjgy, pbdjvdpkiol dgeoed(

hdgpy, ~d`oejekiol kggjsopkjgy, og` kgpdvoipksd bdvhd(

gdtpkiy' Pbky ky itlptvol pbdjv{ op kpy fdyp, fvkllkogp, fjl`,

og` `ovkge'IOPB[ G' @OSK@YJG, @tad Tgksdvykp{

@dykegkge Itlptvd ky o pjtv `d cjvid, jccdvkge o tgkqtd

skykjg jc pbd ~jyykfklkpkdy cjv o ijgpdh~jvov{ itlptvol

ypt`kdy' Vdctykge pj yd~ovopd vdydovib cvjh ~d`oeje{,

pdibgjlje{ cvjh itlptvd, jv kggjsopkjg cvjh khoekgopkjg,

Oggd Folyohj ho~y pbd ijgivdpd ijh~ldrkpkdy jc

y~diki dykeg ~vjidyydy, og` j~dgy t~ gdu uo{y jc

pbkgakge ofjtpog` pdoibkgepdibgjitlptvdy kg vdlopkjg

pj fvjo`dv yjikj(~jlkpkiol dl`y' Kp ky vdqtkvd` vdo`kge cjv

og{jgd ujvakge ukpb ijgpdh~jvov{ itlptvdy'LOUVDGID EVJYYFDVE, otpbjv jcItlptvol Ypt`kdy

kg pbd Ctptvd Pdgyd

VD@= Pbd Vdo`kge D{d @je "^bjpj f{ ^OVI Pdld~bjpj Ydvskidy+'

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CDHKGKYP PBDJV[*^Y[IBJOGOL[YKY

Hovib 096 ~oedy, 4 klltypvopkjgy ~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0;52(4, $64';4*?5';;1 iljpb, ;52(>(2669(0;39(?, $;0';4*33'>>

Moiqtdlkgd Vjyd ky vjcdyyjv jc Dgelkyb op _tddgHov{, Tgksdvykp{ jc Ljg`jg, og` o vdetlov ijgpvkftpjv pj

pbd Ljg`jg Vdskdu jc Fjjay' Bdv hjyp vdidgp ~tflkio(

pkjgy kgilt`d Pbd Loyp Vdykypogid, Pbd _tdypkjg jc ]kjg,

Ydrtolkp{ kg pbd Ckdl` jc Skykjg, og` Jg Gjp Fdkge Ofld

pj Yldd~= y{ibjogol{yky og` pbd Hj`dvg Ujvl`'

Mtypkg Ildhdgy pdoibdy kg pbd Yibjjl jc Itlptvd og`Ijhhtgkiopkjg op pbd Tgksdvykp{ jc Hdlfjtvgd' Bd ky pbd

otpbjv jc ydsdvol fjjay og` o ij(d`kpjv jcMoiqtdy Loiog

og` pbd Jpbdv Yk`d jc y{ibjogol{yky, olyj ~tflkybd`

f{ @tad Tgksdvykp{ ^vdyy' Fdg Go~ovypda, cjvhdvl{ og

Judg Cdllju ukpb pbd Bthogkpkdy Idgpdv op Mjbgy Bj~akgyTgksdvykp{, ky d`kpjv jc pbd gopkjgol Otypvolkog hoeo}kgd

Pbd Hjgpbl{og` pbd otpbjv jc o ijlldipkjg jc lkpdvov{

mjtvgolkyh, Kg Ijgsdvyopkjg'

Pbd Moiqtdlkgd Vjyd Vdo`dvmoiqtdlkgdvjydD`kpd` og` ukpb og kgpvj`tipkjgf{ Mtypkg Ildhdgy og` Fdg Go~ovypda

Moiqtdlkgd Vjyd ky o ujvl`(vdgjugd` ivkpki og` jgd jc pbd hjyp kgtdgpkol og`

~vjsjiopksd yibjlovy ujvakge kg pbd bthogkpkdy pj`o{' Ybd ky olyj ohjge pbd

hjyp uk`d(vogekge, ukpb fjjay jg ]kjgkyh, cdhkgkyh, Y{lsko ^lopb, ibkl`vdgy

ipkjg, og` ~y{ibjogol{yky' @tvkge pbd ~oyp `dio`d, pbvjteb ~tflki polay og`

~kdidy pbop Vjyd boy ijgpvkftpd` pj pbd Ljg`jg Vdskdu jc Fjjay, pbd Etov`kog,

og` jpbdv ~tflkiopkjgy, ybd boy ~lo{d` o skpol vjld kg ~tflki `dfopd ofjtp pbd

~jlkikdy og` bthog(vkebpy vdijv` jc Kyvodl kg kpy vdlopkjg pj pbd ^oldypkgkogy'

Vd~vdydgpkge pbd dgpkvd y~dipvth jc bdv uvkpkge, Pbd Moiqtdlkgd Vjyd Vdo`dv

fvkgey pjedpbdv dyyo{y, vdskduy, og` fjja dridv~py, oy udll oy og drpvoip cvjh

bdv gjsdl' Kg pbd kgpvj`tipkjg, pbd d`kpjvy ~vjsk`d o ~vjcjtg` jsdvskdu jc bdv

kgpdlldiptol pvomdipjv{, bkeblkebpkge pbdhdy pbop tgkc{ bdv ksdvyd ujva, ~ovpkit(

lovl{ bdv ijhhkphdgp pj ~y{ibjogol{pki pbdjv{ oy o tgkqtdl{ ~vj`tipksd uo{jc ogol{}kge lkpdvoptvd, itlptvd, ~jlkpkiy, og` yjikdp{' Kgilt`kge drpdgyksd ivkpkiol

ijhhdgpov{ og` o iog`k` kgpdvskdu ukpb Vjyd, pbky ogpbjlje{ ky og kg`ky~dgy(

ofld kgpvj`tipkjg cjv pbjyd tgcohklkov ukpb Moiqtdlkgd Vjydy vdhovaofl{ jvkekgol

ujva og` og kgsoltofld vdyjtvid cjv pbjyd udll(oiqtokgpd` ukpb bdv ivkpkiol

oithdg'

Moiqtdlkgd Vjyd ky jgd jc jtv hjyp pvdgibogp, ~jlkpkioll{ dgeoed` kgpdlldiptoly' Kp ukll fd

kh~jvpogp cjv o uk`d voged jc vdo`dvy pj bosd pbky ijlldipkjg jc bdv dyyo{y, oljge ukpb

pbd kgpvj`tipkjg, ubkib ukll bdl~ vdo`dvy tgcohklkov ukpb pbd ctll voged jc bdv ujva, og`

pbd y~ldg`k` kgpdvskdu pbop ijgilt`dy pbd sjlthd'MT@KPB FTPLDV , Tgksdvykp{ jcIolkcjvgko, Fdvadld{

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14/52

?6

e d g d v o l k g p d v d y p

PVOSDL*OYKOG YPT@KD

O~vkl 2?3 ~oedy, 40 klltypvopkjgy "kgilt`kge ?9 kg ijljv+ ~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0;26(6, $90';4pv*69';;1 iljpb, ;52(>(2669(0;35(;, $?>;';4*53'>

Mjbg Ilkccjv` Bjlpky pbd Ukllkoh V' Adgog, Mv',

^vjcdyyjv jc Bthogkpkdy kg Vdlkekjg og` Oykog Ypt`kdyop Fju`jkg Ijllded' Bd boy uvkppdg hog{ fjjay, kgilt`(

kge Y~kvkpy jc pbd loid= Ft``bkyh og` Loj Vdlkekjty

Itlptvd, Pbd Ft``bkyp Skygt= Vdlkekjty Pvogycjvhopkjg,

^jlkpkiy og` Itlptvd, og` Pbd Vdlkekjty Ujvl` jc Akvpk Yvk=

Ft``bkyh, Ovp og` jlkpkiy kg Lopd Hd`kdsol Yvk Logao'

Bd boy olyj fddg ouov`d` og bjgjvov{ @jipjv jc Ldppdvy

cvjh pbd Tgksdvykp{ jc dvo`dgk{o kg Yvk Logao'

Pbd Yvk Logao Vdo`dvBkypjv{, Itlptvd, ^jlkpkiymjbgilkccjv`bjlp, d`kpjv

Pbd Yvk Logao Vdo`dvky o yudd~kge kgpvj

pkjg pj pbd d~ki bkypjv{ jc pbd kylog` gopkljiopd` mtyp jcc pbd yjtpbdvg pk~ jc Kg`ko'

Pbd kylog`y vdijv`d` bkypjv{ jc hjvd pbo

puj og` o bolc hklldggko dgijh~oyydy u

jc khhkevopkjg cvjh pbd Yjtpb Oykog ytf

pkgdgp1 pbd cjvhopkjg jc Ykgbolo Ft``bkyp

Pohkl Bkg`t iksklk}opkjgy1 pbd ovvksol jc O

Htylkh pvo`dvy1 og` Dtvj~dog ijljgk}opk

f{ pbd ^jvptetdyd, pbdg pbd @tpib, og`

goll{ pbd Fvkpkyb' Ydldipd` pdrpy `d~kip ~

id~pkjgy jc pbd ijtgpv{y htlpk~ld lkgetky

og` vdlkekjty ijhhtgkpkdy, oy udll oy kpy~jlkpkiol pvosokly ocpdv kg`d~dg`dgid kg ?;

dy~dikoll{ pbd dpbgki skjldgid pbop vditvv

cvjh pbd ?;4>y tgpkl 6>>;, ubdg pbd

Lkfdvopkjg Pkedvy jc Pohkl Ddloh udvd `dcdopd` f{ pbd Yvk Logaog ejsdvghdgpy

ovhd` cjvidy' Pbky uk`d(vogekge ogpbjlje{ ijsdvy pbd ofjvkekgol Sd``boy, pbd

dovlkdyp agjug kgbofkpogpy jc pbd kylog`1 pbd Akgey jc Aog`{, Yvk Logaoy loyp

kg`kedgjty `{goyp{1 pudgp{(vyp(idgptv{ ujhdg ubj ldosd pbd kylog` pj ujva

bjtydhok`y kg pbd Hk``ld Doyp1 pbd 0>,>>> Yvk Logaogy aklld` f{ pbd pytgohk kg

@didhfdv 6>>01 og`, pbvjteb itppkge(d`ed mjtvgolkyh og` bdovp(uvdgibkge ~j

pbd ~vjpvoipd` skjldgid pbop boy yiovvd` pbd ijtgpv{y ijgpdh~jvov{ ~jlkpkiol

bkypjv{' Oljge ukpb cp{(cjtv khoedy jc ~okgpkgey, yitl~ptvdy, og` ovibkpdiptvd,

Pbd Yvk Logao Vdo`dvkgilt`dy hjvd pbog gkgdp{ iloyyki og` ijgpdh~jvov{ pdrpy

uvkppdg f{ Yvk Logaogy og` cjvdkegdvy'

PBD UJVL@ VDO@DVY

O Ydvkdy D`kpd` f{ Vjfkg Akva og` Jvkg Ypov g

Pbd Yvk Logao Vdo`dvky tg~vdid`dgpd`1 gdsdv fdcjvd

boy pbdvd fddg o sjlthd yj y{gj~pki kg kpy pvdophdgp

jc Yvk Logaog bkypjv{, ~jlkpkiy, og` itlptvd' Pbd jsdvolljveogk}opkjg, pbd ydldipkjgy ibjydg cjv kgiltykjg, og`

pbd kgpvj`tipkjgy pj pbd kg`ksk`tol ~kdidy ovd oll jc pbd

bkebdyp jv`dv' Pbky fjja ukll fd udlijhd` f{ y~dikol(

kypy kg Yvk Logaog ypt`kdy, oy udll oy pbd hjvd edgdvol,

d`tiopd` vdo`dv'VJEDV MOIAYJG, Mjbg U' Goyjg

^vjcdyyjv jc Oykog Ypt`kdy og` Vdlkekjg, Iovldpjg Ijllded

Pbd

YVK Logao

Vdo`dV

Mjbg Ilkccjv` bjlp, d`kpjv

bkypjv{, Itlptvd, ^jlkpkI y

Hovko Yboo Plo Ukllkohy, d`kpjv

~o~dv, $64';4pv*?5';;

;52(>(2669(002>(9 * 6>>;

Mog Fo}ogp, Gkgo Fo}ogpjs,og` Cvogidy Ypovg, d`kpjvy

~o~dv, $63';4pv*?2';;

;52(>(2669(05;0(? * 6>?>

Pkgdad Bdlluke og`Dvki Poelkoij}}j, d`kpjvy

~o~dv, $64';4pv*?5';;;52(>(2669(0060(5 * 6>>;

O`dld Fovadv og`Fvtid Evogp, d`kpjvy

~o~dv, $6;';4pv*6>';;

;52(>(2669(0302(5 * 6>?>

PBD U JVL@ V DO@DVY O Ydvkdy D`kpd` f{ Vjfkg Akva # Jvkg Ypovg

v k l l b l i v v i p pb k (

g v i v g i g p vt ip '

b v '

b lth k

l kp ki v p bv t b h tl (

g k g ' P b kh v p g i p bk

h g k p k g k g t l k

v g

k" l g +

p vk ' [ p p b l g b kp v k

, b kl pb p v k t k g

g k l k l kg , v v k '

p, pb k lt h v v t g p b

b v p p b i g g [ t ka

p k l k p ki k g g h h v

p b h v l a p k ,

h m v k p p b k i k g b

, b kl v l v pv g l p

g t , v p , g p b vi tl pt v l

h v l k i hk g l a

i l g k lk h 1 pb v v l g

t i g p h v v l a p k

b p b p p k l v

p b t k k p l p ib g l k

g l k g k g t i h ht gk pk

i it v p l v v g p g kg

h g kl lt p v p k g v k g

a v g v m , v v p g , v ki

p b T gk v k p k i '

g v k g p v g

k g E ' h k pb ' + l l i pk g

ho vko y boo p lo ukllkohy, d`kpjv

PBD

OLOYAO GOPKsD

VDO@DVbkypjv{ , itlptvd, ~jlkpkiy

k ll ko ,

d kp

t d

8/8/2019 Duke University Press Fall 2011 Catalog

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e d g d v o l k g p d v d y p

OVP BKYPJV[

Mtgd 693 ~oedy, 9>6 klltypvopkjgy "kgilt`kge 66 kg ijljv+

~o~dv, ;52(>(;92;2;(94(3, $0>'>>pv*65';;

GJVPB IOVJLKGO BKYPJV[

Mtgd 500 ~oedy, 55 klltypvopkjgy

~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0;29(;, $6;';4pv*66';;

Pbd ^oyp Ky ^vdydgpPbd Adh~gdv Ijlldipkjg jc IloyykiolOgpkqtkpkdy op pbd Goybdv Htydthiovloh' ogpjgoiikj#ybdklo`klljg, d`kpjvy

Kg 6>>3, pbd ijlldipkjg jc 660 ogpkqtkpkdy oyydhfld` f{ Uolpdv

Adh~gdv, H'@', uoy `jgopd` pj pbd Goybdv Htydth jc Ovp op @tad

Tgksdvykp{ f{ Fovfovo Gdufjve, H'@' Vogekge cvjh pbd 9v` hklldg(

gkth pj pbd 9v` idgptv{ FID, pbd ijlldipkjg kgilt`dy Hd`kpdvvogdog

ogpkqtkpkdy ytib oy I{ilo`ki hovfld ovpkcoipy1 Evdda idvohkiy oppv kf(

tpd` pj ykegkiogp Opbdgkog ~okgpdvy, kgilt`kge pbd Aldj~bvo`dy

^okgpdv, pbd Opbdgkog ^okgpdv, og` pbd Hopyib ^okgpdv1 og` iovsd`

ohfdv lkadl{ cvjh og Dpvtyiog ujvaybj~' Kg Pbd ^oyp Ky ^vdydgp,

yibjlovy og` @tad Tgksdvykp{ ypt`dgpy ~vdydgp pbd ijlldipkjg,

kgilt`kge hog{ jfmdipy pbop bosd gdsdv fddg ~tflkybd` fdcjvd, og`

`kyityy kpy ykegkiogid cjv ovp bkypjv{, iloyykiy, htydth ypt`kdy,

og` ovibodjlje{' Pbd kgpvj`tipjv{ dyyo{ f{ Akhdvl{ Vjvyiboib,

@kvdipjv jc pbd Goybdv Htydth, kyityydy pbd ekcp kg pbd ijgpdrp

jc itvvdgp kyytdy ytvvjtg`kge pbd oiqtkykpkjg jc ogpkqtkpkdy og` pbd

okhy jc tgksdvykp{ htydthy'

Iovlo H' Ogpjgoiikj ky vjcdyyjv jc Ovibodjlje{ og` Iloyykiol Ypt`kdyop @tad Tgksdvykp{' Ij(`kvdipjv jc driosopkjgy op pbd Ykiklkog ykpd jc

Hjveogpkgo, ybd ky pbd otpbjv jcOg Ovibodjlje{ jc Ogidypjvy' Ybdklo@klljg ky Oyyjikopd ^vjcdyyjv jc Ovp, Ovp Bkypjv{, og` Skytol Ypt`kdy op@tad Tgksdvykp{' Ybd ky pbd otpbjv jcPbd Cdhold jvpvokp Ypoptd kg pbd

Evdda Ujvl`og`Ogikdgp Evdda jvpvokp Yitl~ptvd= Ijgpdrpy, Ytfmdipy,

og` Yp{ldy'

^TFLKIOPKJG JC PBD GOYBDV HTYDTH JC OVP OP @TAD TGKSDVYKP[

gju kg ~o~dvfoia, vdskyd` og` dr~og`d`

@tvboh Ijtgp{O Bkypjv{ jc @tvboh Ijtgp{, Gjvpb Iovjlkgomdogfvo`ld{og`dvyjgYdijg` d`kpkjg

CVJH VDSKDUY JC PBD C KVYP D@KPKJG

@tvboh Ijtgp{`dydvsdy pbd uk`dyp ~jyykfld ot`kdgid'

MOHDY L' LDLJT@KY, Pbd Mjtvgol jc Yjtpbdvg Bkypjv{

@dypkgd` pj fd pbd `dgkpksd bkypjv{ jc @tvboh Ijtgp{ cjv {dovy pj ijhd'

Gjvpb Iovjlkgo Lkfvovkdy

Kg pbky ydijg` d`kpkjg, Mdog

Fvo`ld{ Og`dvyjg vdskydy og`

dr~og`y bdv hjgthdgpolbkypjv{ jc @tvboh Ijtgp{,

jvkekgoll{ ~tflkybd` kg ?;;>,

pj ~vjsk`d o `dpokld` bkypjv{

cvjh pbd ydsdgpddgpb idgptv{

pj pbd dg` jc pbd pudgpkdpb

idgptv{' Pbky vdhovaofl{

ijh~vdbdgyksd ujva hjsdy fd{jg` pvo`kpkjgol ljiol bkypjvkdy pbop

cjity jg ~judvctl cohklkdy' Og`dvyjg kgpdevopdy pbd ypjvkdy jc udll(

agjug etvdy ukpb pbjyd jc jv`kgov{ hdg og` ujhdg, floiay og`

ubkpdy, pj ivdopd o ijh~ldr ftp coyikgopkge ~jvpvokp jc @tvbohy

dijgjhki, ~jlkpkiol, yjikol, og` lofjv bkypjv{' @voukge jg drpdgyksd~vkhov{ vdydovib, @tvboh Ijtgp{drohkgdy pbd jvkekgy jc pbd pjug

jc @tvboh og` vdijtgpy pbd evjupb jc ijhhtgkpkdy ovjtg` hklly,

ypjvdy, posdvgy, og` ibtvibdy kg pbd idgptv{ ~vdid`kge pbd vkyd jc

pjfoiij hogtcoiptvkge' Og`dvyjg ~o{y ~ovpkitlov oppdgpkjg pj ytib

ptvgkge ~jkgpy oy pbd ijhkge jc pbd voklvjo`, pbd Ijgcd`dvopd ytv(

vdg`dv op Fdggdpp ^loid, pbd vkyd og` jtvkybkge jc pbd pjfoiij

kg`typv{, pbd hjsd pj @tvboh jc Pvkgkp{ Ijllded "og` kpy vdgohkge

oy @tad Tgksdvykp{+, pbd `dsdlj~hdgp jc Vdydovib Pvkogeld ^ova,

og` pbd ytfydqtdgp vkyd jc bdolpb ydvskid og` bkeb(pdib kg`typvkdy'

Uvkppdg kg o lksdl{ hoggdv, pbd fjja jccdvy vdo`dvy o coyikgopkge

ypjv{ pbop iog fd dgpdvd` op og{ ~jkgp'

Mdog Fvo`ld{ Og`dvyjg ky pbd otpbjv jc^kd`hjgp ^logpopkjg= PbdFdggdbog(Iohdvjg Cohkl{ og` Log`y kg Gjvpb Iovjlkgo1 Pbd Akvalog`y

jc O{v Hjtgp1 Iovjlkgkog jg pbd Bt`yjg= Pbd Lkcd jc Vjfdvp @jgol`yjg1

og` o ij(d`kpjv jcFvkebpdv Ldosdy= Idldfvopkge pbd Ovpy kg @tvboh, Gjvpb

Iovjlkgo' Ybd boy ujvad` oy o ~vjcdyykjgol edgdoljekyp og` vdydovibdv

cjv pbd Gjvpb Iovjlkgo @kskykjg jc Ovibksdy og` Bkypjv{, kg ubkib io~oikp{

ybd ijgpvkftpd` pj pbd ~vk}d(ukggkge fjja ydvkdy Pbd Uo{ Ud Lksd` kg

Gjvpb Iovjlkgo'

IjgpvkftpjvyIovlo Ogpjgoiikj

Dlk}ofdpb Folpdy

Lovkyyo Fjgcogpd

Aoklo @osky

Ybdklo @klljg

Vjfdvp @t`ld{

Akak Cjr

Ytyog Cjypdv

Oldr Mjvg

Ibvkypkgo Ao~logky

Hov{ Akge

Oggo Akslog

Lkg`yo{ Ldskgd

Hkibodl Ho

Mdggkcdv Hjvvky

Mdgkcdv Gdkly

@osdg Vdoeog

Akhdvl{ Vjvyiboib

Fvdg`og Yoylju

P{ldv Mj Yhkpb

Og`vdu Pbovldv

Ohdvkiog Pjfoiij Ioh~ty' Ijtvpdy{ jc @tvbohIjgsdgpkjg og` Skykpjvy Idgpdv'

Opbdgkog Floia(Cketvd

It~' Oppvkftpd` pj TvdKKK, io' 40>(49> FID

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?0OYKOG OHDVKIOG YPT@KDY*COYBKJG*ITLPTVOL YPT@KD

Mogtov{ 656 ~oedy, 60 klltypvopkjgy ~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0;?9(3, $69';4*?3';;1 iljpb, ;52(>(2669(02;>(>, $20';4*4;'>

Pbt{ Lkgb Get{dg Pt ky Oyykypogp ^vjcdyyjv jc Oykog

^oiki Ohdvkiog Ypt`kdy op Gdu [jva Tgksdvykp{' Ybd ky o ij(d`kpjv jcOlkdg Dgijtgpdvy= ^j~tlov Itlptvd kg Oykog Ohdvkio,

olyj ~tflkybd` f{ @tad Tgksdvykp{ ^vdyy, og` PdibgkIjljv=

Void, Pdibgjlje{, og` Dsdv{`o{ Lkcd'

Pbd Fdotpkctl EdgdvopkjgOykog Ohdvkiogy og` pbdItlptvol Dijgjh{ jc Coybkjg

pbt{lkgbget{dgpt

Ykgid pbd ?;;>y, {jtge Oykog Ohdvkiogy kgilt`kge @jj(Vk Ibtge, @dvda Loh, Pboajj

^ogkibetl, Oldrog`dv Uoge, og` Moyjg Ut bosd dhdved` oy ldo`kge coybkjg `dykeg(

dvy' Pbd{ bosd ujg ~vdypkekjty ouov`y, fddg ibjydg pj bdo` homjv iljpbkge lofdly,

og` bo` pbdkv `dykegy cdoptvd` kg Sjetd, Bov~dvy Fo}oov, og` jpbdv coybkjg

hoeo}kgdy' Op pbd yohd pkhd pbop pbdyd `dykegdvy udvd v kykge pj ~vjhkgdgid, pbd

coybkjg ujvl` uoy dhfvoikge Oykog ibki' @tvkge pbd ?;;>y, Oykog ybo~dy, cofvkiy,

kijgjevo~b{, og` ijljvy lld` ijtptvd vtguo{y og` hoyy(hovadp iljpbkge voiay'

Kg Pbd Fdotpkctl Edgdvopkjg, Pbt{ Lkgb Get{dg Pt dr~ljvdy pbd vjld jc Oykog Ohdvkiog

`dykegdvy kg Gdu [jvay coybkjg kg`typv{, ~o{kge ~ovpkitlov oppdgpkjg pj bju pbd{

vdlopd pj pbd eovhdgp ujvadvy ubj ~vj`tid pbdkv ejj`y og` pj Oykoggdyy oy o

coybkjgofld ijhhj`kp{' Ybd `vouy jg ijgsdvyopkjgy ukpb `dykeg ypt`dgpy, coybkjg

itvopjvy, og` coybkjg ~tflkikypy1 kgpdvskduy ukpb gdovl{ pbkvp{ Oykog Ohdvkiog `dykeg(

dvy ubj bosd pbdkv jug lofdly1 og` pkhd y~dgp ukpb pbjyd `dykegdvy kg pbdkv ybj~y

og` ypt`kjy, jg coipjv{ skykpy, og` op coybkjg ybjuy' Pbd Fdotpkctl Edgdvopkjg lkgay

pbd vkyd jc Oykog Ohdvkiog `dykegdvy pj bkypjvkiol ~oppdvgy jc khhkevopkjg, voikol

cjvhopkjg, og` eljfolk}d` lofjv, og` pj cohklkol og` cohkl{(lkad ijggdipkjgy fdpuddg

`dykegdvy og` eovhdgp ujvadvy'

o y k o g o h d v k i o g y p t ` k d y

Drikpkge og` jvkekgol, Pbd Fdotpkctl Edgdvopkjg drdh~lkdy

pbd fdyp ujva kg pbd dl` jc itlptvol ypt`kdy' Pbt{ Lkgb

Get{dg Pt `dyivkfdy bju pbd T'Y' coybkjg kg typv{ boy

fddg ftklp ovjtg` voikolk}d`, edg`dvd`, og` ydrtolk}d`

ypvdohy jc hkevogpy, oy udll oy pbd ijh~ldr pvogygopkjgol

juy jc io~kpol, og` ybd fvkllkogpl{ ovetdy pbop kp ky pbd

ovibkpdiptvd og` odypbdpkiy jc kgpkhoi{, pbd ipksd og` fkj(

ljekiol akg vdlopkjgy fdpuddg dykegdvy og` eovhdgp ujva(dvy, pbop ctdly Oykog Ohdvkiog coybkjg `dykeg'HOVPKG

C' HOGOLOGYOG KS, otpbjv jcEljfol @ksoy= Cklk~kgj Eo{

Hdg kg pbd @koy~jvo

Pbd Fdotpkctl Edgdvopkjg ky o ~ldoytvd pj vdo` og` o

hj`dl jc bju itlptvol ypt`kdy jtebp pj fd `jgd' Pbt{ Lkgb

Get{dg Pty dldeogp, udll(ivocpd` oiijtgp jc pbd coybkjg

kg`typv{ `dhjgypvopdy pbd kh~jyykfklkp{ jc yd~ovopkge

pbd odypbdpki cvjh pbd hopdvkol, jv pbd itlptvol cvjh pbd

dijgjhki' Kp ybjuy bju pbd ibogekge vjldy jc itlptvd

kg pbd eljfol dijgjh{ iog fd lthkgjtyl{ pvoid` pbvjteb

o cjityd`, kgpdv`kyik~lkgov{ hdpbj`jlje{'AOG@KID

IBTB, otpbjv jcKhoekgd Jpbdvukyd= Jg Oykog Ohdvkiogkyp

Ivkpkqtd

Pbt{ boh, Coll 6>>; ijlldipkjg' "^bjpj f{ @og Ldiio+ Coybkjg Hoj, ijllofjvopkjg ukpb Skskdggd Poh,]boge Bjgept, ?;;0'

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17/52

OYKOG OHDVKIOG YPT@KDY*OGPBVJ^JLJE[

Mtgd 630 ~oedy, 2 klltypvopkjgy

~o~dv, ;52(> (2669(0;??(6, $69';4*?3';;iljpb, ;52(>(2669(0222(5, $20';4*4;'>>

OYKOG OHDVKIOG YPT@KDY*UJHDGY YPT@KDY

Cdfvtov{ 643 ~oedy, ?6 klltypvopkjgy

~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(024>(0, $66';4*?4';;iljpb, ;52(>(2669(0293(2, $5;';4*44'>>

Pdvvkc{kge HtylkhyVoid og` Lofjv kg pbd Yjtpb Oykog @koy~jvomtgok`vogo

Pdvvkc{kge Htylkhy ky o vjo`(ho~ oeokgyp Kylohj~bjfko' Htylkh hkevogpy `j

pvosdl pj dvdip hkgovdpy oljgd' Pbd{ ijhd fdiotyd pbdkv bjhdlog`y ovd uvdia

f{ pvogygopkjgol io~kpol1 pbd{ ijhd kg ydovib jc ujva og` kegkp{1 pbdkv ~vdyd

ykegoly jgl{ pbky, og` gjp yjhd iopoil{yhki ypjv{ jc pbd iloyb jc iksklk}opkjgy

Vogo vdbofklkpopdy pbd jv`kgovkgdyy jc hkevopkjg kg pbd ijgpdrp jc cjvidy pbop

kgykyp jg hoakge pbd hkevogp drpvojv`kgov{' Ivtikol vdo`kge cjv pdvv kfld pkhdy'

SKMO[ ^VOYBO@, otpbjv jcPbd @ovadv Gopkjgy= O dj~ldy Bkypjv{ jc pbd

Pbkv` Ujvl`

Pdvvkc{kge Htylkhy bkeblkebpy bju pvogygopkjgol ujvakge iloyydy cvjh

^oakypog ovd ~vj`tid`, ijgypvtipd`, og` vd~vdydgpd` kg pbd ijgpdrp jc

Ohdvkiog dh~kvd og` pbd vdidgp eljfol Uov jg Pdvvjv' @voukge jg dpbgj(

evo~bki vdydovib pbop ijh~ovdy ^oakypog, pbd Hk``ld Doyp, og` pbd Tgkpd`Ypopdy fdcjvd og` ocpdv ;*??, Mtgok` Vogo ijhfkgdy itlptvol og` hopdvkol o

{ydy pj ibvjgkild pbd ujvl`skduy jc ^oakypogk lofjv hkevogpy oy pbd{ fdij

~ovp jc o lovedv eljfol voikol y{ypdh' Op pbd yohd pkhd, bd dr~lokgy bju pb

hkevogpy hjfklkp{ og` j~~jvptgkpkdy ovd lkhkpd` f{ ijljgkol, ~jypijljgkol

og` gdu kh~dvkol ypvtiptvdy jc ijgpvjl og` `jhkgopkjg' Bd ovetdy pbop pb

ijgpdh~jvov{ Yjtpb Oykog lofjv `koy~jvo ftkl`y jg og` vd~lkiopdy pbd elj

voikol y{ypdh ijgyjlk`opd` tvkge pbd ~dvkj` jc ijljgkol kg`dgptvd' Vogo

hokgpokgy pbop o gdeopksd hjvol mt`ehdgp oppoibdy pj hkevogpy ubj dgpd

pbd eljfol lofjv ~jjl pbvjteb pbd kgcjvhol dijgjh{' Pbky pokgp jc pbd kllki

kgpdgykdy pbd ~jyp;*?? Kylohj~bjfko pbop ijllo~ydy sovkd` vdlkekjgy, gop

olkpkdy, og` dpbgkikpkdy kgpj pbd pbvdopdgkge voikol etvd jc pbd Htylkh'

Kp ky kg pbky ijgpdrp pbop pbd voikolk}d` Htylkh ky ijgpvjlld` f{ o ~vjidyy pbfdiajgy ujvadvy pj dgpdv pbd eljfol dijgjh{, og` ypk~tlopdy ubdg, ubdv

og` bju lofjvdvy iog hkevopd' Pbd `dhjgk}opkjg jc Htylkh hkevogpy kg pk

jc ivkyky, ytib oy pbd Uov jg Pdvvjv, ky pbdg tyd` pj mtypkc{ ovfkpvov{ ~jlkik

`d~jvpopkjg, og` ivkhkgolk}opkjg'

Mtgok` Vogo ky Oyyjikopd ^vjcdyyjv jc Oykog Ohdv kiog Ypt`kdy op pbd Tgksdvyjc Kllkgjky, Tvfogo(Iboh~okeg'

Okvfjvgd @vdohyGkydk Ypduov`dyydy og`^og Ohdvkiog Ujvl` Okvuo{yibvkypkgdv' {ogj

Ibvkypkgd V' [ogj dcpl{ dr~ljvdy pbd edg`dv og` voikol ypdvdjp{~dy, ijh(~ldr iloyy vdlopkjgy, og` ijv~jvopd ohfkpkjgy pbop ~vjh~pd` og Ohy bkvkge

jc Mo~ogdyd Ohdvkiog kebp oppdg`ogpy op pbd bdkebp jc pbd okvlkgdy itlptvol

og` ijhhdvikol jhkgogid' Dqtoll{ kh~jvpogp, ud edp o vkib ~jvpvokp jc pbd

j~~jvptgkpkdy og` ~ldoytvdy pbop bdv ytfmdipy cjtg` kg pbdkv ujva og` jc bju

pbd{ pvogyidg`d` pbd sdv{ ypdvdjp{~dy pbd{ vd~vdydgpd`' [ogjy ujva ukll

fd jc fvjo` kgpdvdyp pj yibjlovy jc edg`dv, void og` dpbgkikp{, lofjv, pvosdl

og` pjtvkyh, og` eljfolk}opkjg kg pbd hk`(pudgpkdpb idgptv{'AOPBLDDG

FOVV[, otpbjv jcCdhkgkgkp{ kg Clkebp= O Bkypjv{ jc Clkebp Oppdg`ogpy

Kg ?;44 og Ohdvkiog Ujvl` Okvuo{y

fdeog vdivtkpkge Mo~ogdyd Ohdvkiog

ujhdg pj ujva oy ypduov`dyydy jg kpyPja{j(fjtg` kebpy og` dsdgptoll{ kpy

vjtg`(pbd(ujvl` kebpy oy udll' Foyd` kg

Bjgjltlt, pbdyd ujhdg udvd kgcjvholl{

agjug oy ^og Ohy Gkydkydijg`(

edgdvopkjg Mo~ogdyd Ohdvkiogydsdg

pbjteb gjp oll jc pbdh udvd Mo~ogdyd

Ohdvkiog jv ydijg`(edgdvopkjg' Pbd{

udvd jypdgykfl{ bkvd` cjv pbdkv Mo~ogdyd(

logetoed yaklly, ftp cdu y~jad Mo~ogdyd

tdgpl{' Pbky ofyjvfkge oiijtgp jc og

Ohy Gkydk ypduov`dyy ~vjevoh yteedypy pbop pbd Mo~ogdyd Ohdvkiog

"og` lopdv jpbdv Oykog og` Oykog Ohdvkiog+ ypduov`dyydy udvd hdogppj dgbogid pbd okvlkgdy khoed jc drjpki ijyhj~jlkpogkyh og` ujvl`lk(

gdyy' Oy kpy ijv~jvopd ovibksdy `dhjgypvopd, ^og Oh hovadpd` kpydlc oy

og kijgki Ohdvkiog ijh~og{ ~kjgddvkge gdu cvjgpkdvy jc void, logetoed,

og` itlptvd' Ibvkypkgd V' [ogj mtrpo~jydy pbd okvlkgdy ypvopdekdy og`

~voipkidy ukpb pbd vdijlldipkjgy jc cjvhdv Gkydk kebp op pdg`ogpy' Kg

kgpdvskduy ukpb pbd otpbjv, pbdyd ujhdg ~vjt`l{ vdioll pbdkv dr~dvkdgidy

oy {jtge ujhdg ubj ldcp bjhd pj pvosdl pbd eljfd ukpb ^og Ohdvkiog

Ujvl` Okvuo{y, cjvekge pbdkv jug ijyhj~jlkpog k`dgpkpkdy kg pbd ~vjidyy'

Okvfjvgd @vdohy ky pbd ypjv{ jc og tgtytol ~dvyjggdl ~vjevoh kh~ld(

hdgpd` f{ og Ohdvkiog ijv~jvopkjg kgpdgp jg dr~og`kge og` `jhkgopkge

pbd goyidgp hovadp cjv kgpdvgopkjgol okv pvosdl' Pbop ~vjevoh vddipd` pbd

Mdp Oed `vdohy jc eljfol hjfklkp{ pbop drikpd` ~jypuov Ohdvkiogy oy udlloy pbd kgdqtolkpkdy jc edg`dv, iloyy, void, og` dpbgkikp{ pbop ijgypvokgd`

hog{ jc pbdh'

Ibvkypkgd V' [ogj ky ^vjcdyyjv jc Ogpbvj~jlje{ op pbd Tgksdvykp{ jc Bouoknk,Hogjo'

o y k o g o h d v k i o g y p t ` k d y

Cklh ypkll cvjh Hog ^tyb Iovp, 6>>4'

8/8/2019 Duke University Press Fall 2011 Catalog

18/52

?3

Ocpdv Ydr:Jg Uvkpkge ykgid _tddv Pbdjv{mogdpbolld{#og`vdu~ovadv, d`kpjvy

Op o hjhdgp ubdg hog{ bo` fdetg pj

pbop qtddv pbdjv{ uoy fdijhkge lkppld hj

pbog o uk`dy~vdo` lkpog{ jc jehoy og`yljeogy, pbky sjlthd ovvksdy oy o ujg`d

ytv~vkyd= gjp jgl{ fdiotyd kp vdhkg`y ty

o ijgpvkftpkjg pbd sovkd` kgpdlldiptol itvv

evjt~d` pjedpbdv tg`dv pbop vtfvki bosd

hoakgecjv gdovl{ pudgp{ {dovy gjupj

vdgduol jc jtv kgpdlldiptol lkcd1 ftp olyj,

hjvd kh~jvpogpl{, fdiotyd kp ybjuy pj u

o `devdd pbky pbdjvdpkiol dccdvsdyidgid lk

jg, og` bju ~judvctll{ ~vj`tipksd kp ypkl

kg oll kpy ibovoipdvkypkioll{ hovsdljty sov

@K@KDV DVKFJG, otpbjv jcKgytlp og`

Hoakge jc pbd Eo{ Ydlc

Ykgid qtddv pbdjv{ jvkekgopd` kg pbd dovl{ ?;;>y, kpy kgykebpy og` hj`d

ogol{yky bosd fddg poadg t~ f{ yibjlovy oivjyy pbd bthogkpkdy og` yji

yikdgidy' KgOcpdv Ydr:~vjhkgdgp ijgpvkftpjvy pj pbd dsdlj~hdgp jc qt

ypt`kdy jccdv ~dvyjgol vddipkjgy jg pbd dl`y bkypjv{, oiijh~lkybhdgp

~jpdgpkol, og` lkhkpopkjgy' Pbd{ ijgyk`dv pbd ~tv~jyd jc qtddv pbdjv{ o

pbd drpdgp pj ubkib kp ky jv ky gjp `dgd` f{ kpy dgeoedhdgp ukpb ydr og

ydrtolkp{' Hd`kpopkge jg pbd ~oyp og` ~vdydgp jc qtddv ypt`kdy,Ocpdv Yd

kllthkgopdy kpy ctptvd'

Mogdp Bolld{ky pbd Vj{oll ^vjcdyyjv jc Lou op Bovsov` Tgksdvykp{' Ybd ky pbotpbjv jcY~lkp @dikykjgy= Bju og` Ub{ pj Poad o Fvdoa cvjh Cdhkgkyh'Og^ovadvky ^vjcdyyjv jc Dgelkyb op Ohbdvyp Ijllded og` pbd d`kpjv jc MoiqtdyVogikvdy Pbd ^bkljyj~bdv og` Bky ^jjv, olyj ~tflkybd` f{ @tad Tgksdvykp{

^vdyy'

YDVKDY _= D`kpd` f{ Hkibld Okgo Fovold, Mjgopbog Ejl`fdve, Hkibodl Hjjg,

og` Dsd Ajyjcya{ Yd`eukia

Ub{ Ypjvkdy HoppdvPbd ^jlkpkiol Evohhov jc Cdhkgkyp Pbdjv{ilovdbdhhkgey

Ubopdsdv bo~~dgy pj Ogelj(Dtvj~dog cdhkgkyp pbdjv{ og` ~jlkpkiy kg

pbd ctptvd, pbd uo{ ud ljja op kpy ~oyp ukll gdsdv fd pbd yohd oeokg' Pbky

drpvojv`kgov{ fjja k`dgpkdy pbd vdsjltpkjgov{ dldhdgpy jc o pvtl{ eljfolcdhkgkyp ydgykfklkp{ yj tvedgpl{ vdqtkvd` kg pbd ~vdydgp= oiijtgpofklkp{,

vddrkskp{, og` og ofklkp{ pj evoy~ pbd kgpdvydipkjgy fdpuddg `kccdvdgp cjvhy

jc kgdqtolkp{ og` ~judv'SVJG UOVD, ij(otpbjv jcJtp jc Ubkpdgdyy=

Ijljv, jlkpkiy, og` Itlptvd

Ub{ Ypjvkdy Hoppdvky o ~judvctl ivkpkqtd jc pbd ypjvkdy pbop cdhkgkypy

pdll ofjtp pbd ~oyp cjtv `dio`dy jc Udypdvg cdhkgkyp pbdjv{' Ilovd

Bdhhkgey drohkgdy pbd govvopksdy pbop hoad t~ cdhkgkyp oiijtgpy

jc vdidgp cdhkgkyp bkypjv{, bkeblkebpy pbd dpbkiol og` ~jlkpkiol `kldhhoy

vokyd` f{ pbdyd govvopksdy, og` jccdvy kggjsopksd ypvopdekdy cjv pvogy(

cjvhkge pbdh' @voukge jg bdv kg(`d~pb ogol{yky jc cdhkgkyp mjtvgoly

ytib oy Ykegy, Cdhkgkyp Vdskdu, og` Cdhkgkyp Pbdjv{, Bdhhkgey ovetdy

pbop cdhkgkypy ~jvpvo{ pbd `dsdlj~hdgp jc Udypdvg cdhkgkyh pbvjteb

govvopksdy jc ~vjevdyy, ljyy, og` vdptvg' Ubdpbdv idldfvopkge pbd hjsd

fd{jg` tgkp{ jv k`dgpkp{, lohdgpkge pbd `dhkyd jc o cdhkgkyp ~jlkpkiol

oedg`o, jv ~vj~jykge o vdptvg pj o cdhkgkyp skykjg cvjh pbd ~oyp, f{

o`sogikge pbdyd govvopksdy, cdhkgkypy ijgypvtip o hjfkld ~jlkpkiol evoh(

hov pjj doykl{ o`o~pd` cjv ~jypcdhkgkyp oedg`oy'

Bdhhkgey kgykypy pbop kp ky gjp dgjteb cjv cdhkgkyp pbdjvkypy pj lohdgp

ubop ky hjyp jcpdg ~dvidksd` oy pbd ij(j~popkjg jc cdhkgkyh kg eljfol

ovdgoy' Pbd{ htyp ~o{ oppdgpkjg pj pbd ohdgofklkp{ jc pbdkv jug ypjvkdy,

govvopksd ijgypvtipy, og` evohhopkiol cjvhy pj fvjo`dv `kyitvyksd tydy

jc edg`dv og` cdhkgkyh kc bkypjv{ ky gjp ykh~l{ pj vd~dop kpydlc' Ykgidikpopkjg ~voipkidy og` pbd hjfklk}opkjg jc occdip ovd idgpvol pj bju pbd

govvopksdy jc ~vjevdyy, ljyy, og` vdptvg ~dvyto`d pbdkv vdo`dvy pj yty(

~dg` pbdkv kyfdlkdc, pbd{ ovd olyj ~jpdgpkol ad{y pj pdllkge pbd ypjv{ jc

cdhkgkyhy ~oyp, ~vdydgp, og` ctptvd `kccdvdgpl{'

Ilovd Bdhhkgey ky Vdo`dv kg Cdhkgkyp Pbdjv{ og` @kvdipjv jc pbd Edg`dvKgypkptpd op pbd Ljg`jg Yibjjl jc Dijgjhkiy' Ybd ky pbd otpbjv jcFkydrtol

Y~oidy= O Edjevo~b{ jc Edg`dv og` Ydrtolkp{, ij(otpbjv jc^voipkykge

Kgpdv`kyik~lkgovkp{ kg Edg`dv Ypt`kdy, og` o hdhfdv jc pbd Cdhkgkyp Vdskdu

Ijlldipksd'

GDRP UOSD= GDU @KVDIPKJGY KG UJHDGY YPT@KDY

O Ydvkdy D`kpd` f{ Kg`dv~ol Evduol, Iovdg Ao~log, og` Vjf{g Ukdehog

e o { # l d y f k o g * q t d d v y p t ` k d y

UJHDGY YPT@KDY*CDHKGKYP PBDJV[

Hovib 62> ~oedy

~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0;?3(5, $69';4*?3';;iljpb, ;52(>(2669(02;9(?, $20';4*4;'>>

EO[ # LDYFKOG YPT@KDY*_TDDV PBDJV[

Cdfvtov{ 96> ~oedy, 6 klltypvopkjgy

~o~dv, ;52(>(2669(0;>;(;, $69';4*?3';;iljpb, ;52(>(2669(0223(9, $20';4*4;'>>

IjgpvkftpjvyLotvdg Fdvlogp

Ldj Fdvyogk

Hkibodl Ijff

Ogg Isdpajskib

Ldd D`dlhog

Vkibov` Pbjh~yjg Cjv`

Iovlo Cvdiidvj

Dlk}ofdpb Cvddhog

Mjgopbog Ejl`fdve

Mogdp Bolld{

Gdsklld Bjo`

Mjyd~b Lkpsoa

Bdopbdv Ljsd

Hkibodl Ltid{

Hkibodl Hjjg

Mjy Dypdfog Htj}

Mdcc Gtgjaouo

Og`vdu ^ovadv

Dlk}ofdpb O' ^jskgdllk

Vkibov` Vohftyy

Dvkio Vog`

Fdpbog{ Yibgdk`dv

Dsd Ajyjcya{ Yd`eukia

Aopd Pbjhoy

hkivjkhoedyCjpjlko'ijh

e d g ` d v y p t ` k d y

8/8/2019 Duke University Press Fall 2011 Catalog

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Poikp YtfmdipyFdljgekge, Yohd(Ydr @dykvd,og` @okl{ Lkcd ohjge @jhkgkiog Khhkevogp Hdgiovljytlkydy`didgo

Poikp Ytfmdipy ky o mj{ pj vdo`, og kh~jvpogp ~kdid jc dpbgjevo~bki yibjlov(ybk~, og` o ivtikol gj`d cjv o hjvd dglkebpdgd` og` ~vjevdyyksd tg`dvypog`(

kge jc qtddv lksdy lksd` jg pbd d`edy jc gopkjgy, bkypjvkdy, og` itlptvdy'

Iovljy Tlkydy @didgo hdpkitljtyl{ dgeoedy ukpb, `d~ovpy cvjh, dgdvek}dy,

og` vdcvohdy vdidgp LFEP_yibjlovybk~' Bd drbjvpy ty pj ijgyk`dv olpdvgopksd

hj`dy jc qtddv bofkpopkjgy dgyijgid` kg bkypjvkdy jc voikolk}d` hkevopkjg,

ijljgkol jiit~opkjgy, ~jsdvp{, kipopjvybk~, og` bth`vth drkypdgid kg lopd(

io~kpolkyp Ohdvkio'HOVPKG C' HOGOLOGYOG KS, otpbjv jcEljfol @ksoy=

Cklk~kgj Eo{ Hdg kg pbd @koy~jvo

Poikp Ytfmdipy ky o ~kjgddvkge ogol{yky

jc bju eo{ khhkevogp hdg jc ijljv

gdejpkopd void, ydrtolkp{, og` ~judv

kg pbdkv `okl{ lksdy' @voukge jg dpbgj(

evo~bki vdydovib ukpb @jhkgkiogy kg

Gdu [jva Ikp{, Iovljy Tlkydy @didgo

dr~lokgy pbop ubkld pbd hdg ubj

ybovd` pbdkv lkcd ypjvkdy ukpb bkh ho{

ydlc(k`dgpkc{ oy eo{, pbd{ ovd gjp pbd

lkfdvopd` etvdy jc pvo`kpkjgol eo{

hkevopkjg govvopksdy' @didgo ijg(

pdg`y pbop kg hkevopkge pj Uoybkgepjg

Bdkebpy, o @jhkgkiog dgilosd kg Gdu [jva, pbdyd hdg hjsd` cvjh jgd

ykpd pj ogjpbdv ukpbkg og kgivdoykgel{ pvogygopkjgol @jhkgkiog yjikdp{'

Hog{ jc pbdh hkevopd` og` ytvsksd` pbvjteb pbd vdyjtvidy jc pbdkv cohk(

lkdy og` fvjo`dv ijhhtgkpkdy' Dr~lkikp oiagjuld`ehdgp jv `kyityykjg

jc pbdkv bjhjydrtolkp{ hkebp vt~ptvd pbdyd ivtikol yjikol og` cohklkol

fjg`y' [dp yjhd jc @didgoy kgcjvhogpy udvd ytvd pbop pbdkv ydrtolkp{

uoy poikpl{ tg`dvypjj` f{ pbdkv cohkl{ hdhfdvy jv jpbdvy iljyd pj pbdh'

Ogol{}kge pbdkv vdijlldipkjgy ofjtp hkevopkjg, ydppldhdgp, hoyitlkgkp{,

ydr, og` vdptvg pvk~y pj pbd @jhkgkiog Vd~tflki, @didgo `dyivkfdy bju

pbd hdg op pbd idgpdv jcPoikp Ytfmdipy ijgpdyp, vd~vj`tid, og` vdcjvht(

lopd @jhkgkiog k`dgpkp{ kg Gdu [jva' Pbdkv ypjvkdy vdsdol bju `kccdvdgidy

kg iloyy, void, og` d`tiopkjg ybo~d pbdkv vdlopkjgy ukpb cdllju @jhkgkiogy

Pbd{ olyj jccdv o skdu jc eo{ Gdu [jva pbop cjvdevjtg`y pbd ypvte(

eldy cjv vdy~dip, fdljgekge, og` ytvsksol ukpbkg o ~ovpkitlov khhkevogp

ijhhtgkp{'

Iovljy Tlkydy @didgo ky Oyykypogp vjcdyyjv jc Ujhdgy og` Edg`dvYpt`kdy, og` Lopkgj og` Bky~ogki Iovkffdog Ypt`kdy op Vtpedvy Tgksdvykp{,

Gdu Fvtgyukia'

_tddv Fjg`y`ohjg{jtge#mjybtomjogjtudkgdv, d`kpjvy

O y~dikol kyytd jcEL_

Pbky y~dikol `jtfld kyytd jcEL_ dr~ljvdy qtddv yjikofklkp{ f{ ijgyk`dv(

kge bju ydrtolkp{ fjpb `kyvt~py og` ijg`kpkjgy yjikol vdlopkjgybk~y'Pbd ijgpvkftpjvy, kgilt`kge cjtg`kge etvdy kg pbd dl` jc qtddv ypt`(

kdy, hjsd fd{jg` pbd qtdypkjg jc ubdpbdv qtddvgdyy ky o vo`kiolk}kge

cjvid jc yjikol `dcjvhopkjg, jv ubdpbdv kp goll{ ydday pj fd gjvholk}d`

ukpbkg drkypkge yjikol ypvti ptvdyoy yteedypd` f{ itvvdgp hjsdhdgpy

cjv eo{ hovvkoed, eo{ ~ovdgpkge, og` eo{y kg pbd hklkpov{' Pbd{ vddip,

cvjh o sovkdp{ jc ~dvy~dipksdy, jg ubop ky ogpkyjikol kg pbd ydrtol, og`

ubop ky ydrtol kg pbd yjikofld' _tddv Fjg`y j~dgy t~ gdu o~~vjoibdy

cjv pbdjvk}kge qtddvgdyy oy o qtdypkjg jc vdlopkjgy vopbdv pbog ytfmdipy,

hjskge itvvdgp `dfopdy kg qtddv ypt`kdy ykegkiogpl{ cjvuov`'

Pbky ijlldipkjg ogol{}dy

qtddv yjikol fjg`y kg pbdkv

vdlopkjg pj void, ijljgkol(kyh, edgdolje{, og` pbd

lkhkpy jc bthogkyh' Jgd

ijgpvkftpjv ovetdy pbop

ubop ky ogpkyjikol kg

ydrtolkp{ ky kgijh~opkfld

ukpb pbd yjikol `kyijtvydy

jc edg`dv og` k`dgpkp{' Og ovp bkypjvkog ijh~lkiopdy pvo`kpkjgol gjpkjgy

jc cohkl{ cjvhopkjg pj yteedyp pbop qtddv yjikol fjg`y ovd ivdopd` gjp

pbvjteb ~opvkhjg{ jv hopvkhjg{ ftp pbvjteb pbd pvogyhkyykjg jcjfmdpy

`ovp' O y~dikol ydipkjg, Iv kpkiol Fjg`y, dr~ljvdy pbd qtddv fjg`y jc

yibjlovybk~ kpydlcpbd fjg`y jc occdipkjg, ohfksoldgid, og` ijgsdvyo(

pkjg pbop pkd jgd pbkgadv pj ogjpbdv og` hoad kgpdlldiptol ujva ~jyykfld'

@ohjg [jtgeky o `jipjvol iog`k`opd kg Cklh og` Hd`ko op pbd Tgksdvykp{jc Iolkcjvgko, Fdvadld{'Mjybto Mjogjt Udkgdvky o `jipjvol iog`k`opd kgDgelkyb op pbd Tgksdvykp{ jc Iolkcjvgko, Fdvadld{'

e o { # l d y f k o g * q t d d v y p t ` k d y

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