D.T1.2.1 CESBA KPIs (Key Performance indicators) WP T1 ... · PP8 Page 5 of 66 MANDATORY A 1.6 CO2...

CESBA Alps CESBA ALPINE SPACE - SUSTAINABLE TERRITORIES ASP 151 - Priority 2 Low Carbon Alpine Space

D.T1.2.1 CESBA KPIs (Key Performance indicators)

WP T1 Sustainability Assessment Tools

for Alpine Space Territories

Januray 2019

Program priority: SO2.1 - Establish transnationally integrated low carbon policy instruments

Work package: T1 - Pilot testing: territorial assessment and training

Activity: A.T1.2 - CESBA Local Committees (CLCs)

Deliverable: D.T1.2.1 - Local committees activity report

ASP151 CESBA-Alps A.T1 - Sustainability Assessment Tools for Alpine Space Territories PP8

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Deliverable Responsible

Prof. Dr. Natalie Eßig (MUAS)

Editing

Ahmed Khoja (MUAS)

Yvonne Stöckle (MUAS)


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INDEX

X 0.0 [Name of the Key Performance Indicator] ..................................................................................................... 4

A 1.6 CO2 sequestration through bio-sequestration .............................................................................................. 5

A.2.4 Good ecological status: surface water bodies (rivers and lakes) ................................................................... 8

A.2.7 Good GWB chemical status: Groundwater .................................................................................................. 10

A.3.1 Green infrastructure .................................................................................................................................... 12

A 4.6 Protected cultural heritage .......................................................................................................................... 15

A 4.7 Protected landscape heritage ...................................................................................................................... 17

A 5.6 Recycled share of produced waste .............................................................................................................. 19

A 8.1 Greenhouse gas emissions ........................................................................................................................... 21

A 9.1 Exposure to air pollution .............................................................................................................................. 24

A 12.1 Exposure of households to noise ............................................................................................................... 26

B 1.1 Final energy consumption ............................................................................................................................ 28

B 1.8 Primary energy consumption ....................................................................................................................... 30

B 1.20 Degree of renewable energy consumed .................................................................................................... 32

B 3.1 Consumption of water ................................................................................................................................. 34

B 4.1 Efficiency in the use of existing residential building .................................................................................... 36

B 4.2 Efficiency in the use of existing non-residential building ............................................................................. 38

B 4.6 Intensity of land use ..................................................................................................................................... 40

B 4.16 Recycled share of construction waste........................................................................................................ 42

C 1.2 Performance of the public transport ........................................................................................................... 44

C 1.11 Modal split of public transport................................................................................................................... 46

D 1.1 Population balance ...................................................................................................................................... 49

D 2.3 Poverty and social exclusion ........................................................................................................................ 51

D 2.19 Occupation by gender ................................................................................................................................ 53

D 2.20 Gross income ............................................................................................................................................. 55

D 2.27 Employment rate (15-64 years old) ...................................................... Errore. Il segnalibro non è definito.

D 2.29 Design for all .............................................................................................................................................. 59

E 1.17 Assessed sustainable standard ................................................................................................................... 61

E 3.16 Sustainable tourism .................................................................................................................................... 63

E 4.2 Organic farming ............................................................................................................................................ 65


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RECOMMENDED/MANDATORY

X 0.0 [Name of the Key Performance Indicator]

1. Intent

[Intent of the Key Performance Indicator]

2. Assessment methodology

2.1 Description

[Description of the indicator, the importance and relevance and further information]

2.2 Data requirement

Information/Attribute Unit Data source [Required data X to calculate the indicator] [unit] [Possible data sources]

[Required data Y to calculate the indicator] [unit] [Possible data sources]

[Further information for required data]

2.3 Assessment method

[Explanation of the assessment method]

Indicator = Numerator data X

Denominator data Y

2.4 Benchmarks

[Information regarding benchmarks]

3. References and standards

[List of references and standards]

Comments and suggestions for improvement during pilot phase

[Comments and suggestions for improvement during pilot phase, feedback]


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MANDATORY

A 1.6 CO2 sequestration through bio-sequestration

1. Intent:

To increase the carbon sequestration in the Alpine Space by extending the area use for cropland, permanent

grassland, forestry, vineyards, orchards and wetlands. To store carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to

either mitigate or defer global warming and avoid dangerous climate change.

To support the ecological important diversity of habitats by increasing the number of cropland, permanent

grassland, forestry, vineyards, orchards and wetlands. To reduce the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere.


2.1 Description

Recognition of the need to stabilize the carbon concentration in the atmosphere has been manifested in many

international and national agreements and policies, such as the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, and the

EU climate policy. For example, with the adoption of the decision 529/2013/EU in 2013, the European Union

has made mandatory for all member states the implementation of accountability tools to measure GHG

emissions and sequestration including the variation of soil carbon stock (Decision No 529/2013/EU: 2013-

05). The focus of these agreements and policies is on reducing GHG emissions, but the carbon content in the

atmosphere can also be offset by carbon sink improvement.

Carbon sequestration occurs in above-ground growing biomass such as forestry and in below-ground soil but

also within the Ocean. The ratio to convert carbon into carbon dioxide is 3.67 (1 t Carbon = 3.67 t CO2)

(RAEE, 2017).


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Area covered with cropland ha Municipality, nature conservation authority,

environmental organizations Area covered with permanent grassland ha Municipality, nature conservation authority,

environmental organizations Area covered with forestry ha Municipality, nature conservation authority,

environmental organizations Area covered with vineyard ha Municipality, nature conservation authority,

environmental organizations Area covered with orchard ha Municipality, nature conservation authority,

environmental organizations Area covered with wetlands ha Municipality, nature conservation authority,

environmental organizations


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The CO2-Sequestration potential shall be calculated as the sum of products of area and carbon sequestration

ratio for the different land types including area covered with cropland, permanent grassland, forestry,

vineyard, orchard and wetland.

CO2 Sequestration potential [teqCO2/ha] = ∑𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑖 [ℎ𝑎] ∗ 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 [𝑡𝑒𝑞𝐶𝑂2/ℎ𝑎]

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 [ℎ𝑎]

6

i=1

Where:

1: Cropland

2: Permanent grassland

3: Forestry

4: Vineyard

5: Orchard

6: Wetlands

Ratios of carbon sequestration per hectare depending on the land type

Land type Ratios Unit Data source Cropland 188 teqCO2/ha ClimAgri, ADEME Permanent grassland 298 teqCO2/ha ClimAgri, ADEME Forestry 285 teqCO2/ha ClimAgri, ADEME Vineyard 126 teqCO2/ha ClimAgri, ADEME Orchard 173 teqCO2/ha ClimAgri, ADEME Wetlands 40 teqCO2/ha Aktion Moorschutz e.V.

2.4 Benchmarks

The reference values for the CESBA KPIs will be determined taking into account the results of the assessment

of the different pilot regions.


Aktion Moorschutz (2017): Entwässerte Moore sind Klima-Hotspots. Available at https://www.aktion-

moorschutz.de/moor-infos/was-ist-ein-moor/bedeutung/klimaschutz.html (14.11.2017)

Decision No 529/2013/EU: Decision No 529/2013/EU of the European parliament and of the council of 21

May 2013 on accounting rules on greenhouse gas emissions and removals resulting from activities relating to

land use, land-use change and forestry and on information concerning actions relating to those activities

(2013-05)

Eclancher, G., Gondran, N., Yalamas, P., Mines Saint-Etienne, RhônAlpEnergie-Environnement (RAEE),

Lavaud, J., ARPE Occitanie (2017): Assessment of Carbon Stock and Sequestration in local territories

French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) (2015): Organic carbon in soils.


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Meeting climate change and food security changes. Available at

http://www.ademe.fr/sites/default/files/assets/documents/organic_carbon_in_soils_gb_8575.pdf

(14.11.2017)



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MANDATORY

A.2.4 Good ecological status: surface water bodies (rivers and lakes)

1. Intent:

To improve the water quality of surface water bodies. To protect and enhance the status of vulnerable aquatic

ecosystems. To protect terrestrial ecosystems and wetlands directly depending on the aquatic ecosystems. To

reduce pollution of surface waters through discharges, emissions and losses of priority hazardous substances

progressively.


2.1 Description

Clean water is the most important aliment and resource at the same time. In central Europe drinking water is

mainly gained from ground water. In some regions surface waters also represent an important source for

drinking water. At the same time surface waters are refuges for numerous animal and plant species as well as

recreation areas. To ensure high water quality of surface water bodies (rivers and lakes), the ecological and

chemical status can be assessed.

The ecological status of lakes and rivers is classified by biological elements, hydromorphological elements

supporting the biological elements and chemical and physico-chemical elements supporting the biological

elements. It is defined in relation to the degree of deviation from the conditions of an ideal water course (with

biological, hydromorphological and chemical/ physico-chemical characteristic of a water course relatively

immune from human impacts). It is determined by integrated assessment indices and, by definition, can be

high (I), good (II), moderate (III), poor (IV) or very bad (V) (Directive 2000/60/EC: 2000-10).

However, given the wide range of ecosystems found across Europe, using one common method to assess all

water bodies is not useful. Therefore, the directive only establishes a common definition of different status

levels, which member states must use when implementing their national assessment methods. To ensure that

national assessment methods produce comparable results and are consistent with the directive, an

intercalibration exercise was carried out between the member states and with the assistance of the European

Commission (European Commission, 2008).

According to the Water Framework Directive “[m]ember States shall protect, enhance and restore all bodies

of surface water […] with the aim of achieving good surface water status at the latest 15 years after the date of

entry into force of this Directive […]” (Directive 2000/60/EC: 2000-10, Art. 4).

As this aim has not been reached so far, the percentage of surface water body (rivers and lakes) in at least

good ecological state is determined in this indicator. The higher the percentage of standing water body

(rivers and lakes) in good or high state, the more credits can be awarded.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Results and report of water analysis, water quality map (standing water)

- Water authority

Results and report of water analysis, water quality map (running water)

- Water authority

Number of monitored surface water bodies - Water authority


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The percentage of surface water body in good state (ecological status) shall be calculated as the number of

surface water bodies (rivers and lakes) in at least good state (numerator) divided by the total number of

surface water bodies (denominator). The result shall then be multiplied by 100 and expressed as a

percentage. All results of official monitoring points shall be taken into account. As the European Water

Framework Directive obliges the member states to monitor the surface water quality, the data should be

available at the water authority.

Percentage of SWB in good state [%] = Number SWB in good state

Total number of SWB * 100

2.4 Benchmarks




Directive 2000/60/EC: Directive 2000/60/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 23 October

2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy (2000-10)

Directive 2008/105/CE: Directive 2008/105/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 16

December 2008 on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, amending and subsequently

repealing Council Directives 82/176/EEC, 83/513/EEC, 84/156/EEC, 84/491/EEC, 86/280/EEC and

amending Directive 2000/60/EC of the European parliament and of the council (2008-12)

Directive 2009/90/CE: Commission Directive 2009/90/EC of 31 July 2009 laying down, pursuant to Directive

2000/60/EC of the European parliament and of the council, technical specifications for chemical analysis and

monitoring of water status (2009-07)

European Commission (2008): Water Notes on the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive. Water

Note 7. Intercalibration: A common scale for Europe’s waters. Available at

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/participation/pdf/waternotes/water_note7_intercalibration.pdf

(07.11.2017)

Eurostat (2016): Sustainable development in the European Union. A statistical glance from the viewpoint of

the UN Sustainable Development Goals. 2016 edition. Available at

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/7745644/KS-02-16-996-EN-N.pdf/eae6b7f9-d06c-

4c83-b16f-c72b0779ad03 (22.08.2017)


Clarify and add territorial scale


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MANDATORY

A.2.7 Good GWB chemical status: Groundwater

1. Intent:

To improve groundwater quantity and quality. To avoid long-term deterioration. To ensure sufficient supply

of good quality groundwater as needed for sustainable, balanced and equitable water use. To take measures

to counteract deterioration of groundwater quality.


2.1 Description

Clean water is the most important aliment and resource at the same time. In central Europe drinking water is

mainly gained from groundwater which is defined as the water present beneath's surface in soil pore spaces

and in the fractures of rock formations. It is caused by infiltration of rainwater and partially by migration of

water from lakes and rivers. To ensure high groundwater quality, the quantitative and the chemical status can

be assessed.

The chemical status of groundwater is classified by the conductivity and the concentration of pollutants. It is

defined in relation to the degree of deviation from the conditions of ideal groundwater (groundwater

relatively immune from human impacts) and, by definition, can be good or poor (Directive 2000/60/EC:

2000-10).

According to the Water Framework Directive “[m]ember States shall protect, enhance and restore all bodies

of groundwater […] with the aim of achieving good surface water status at the latest 15 years after the date of

entry into force of this Directive […]” (Directive 2000/60/EC: 2000-10, Art. 4). As this aim has not been

reached so far, the percentage of groundwater body in good chemical state is determined in this indicator.

The higher the percentage of groundwater body in good state, the more credits can be awarded.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Results and report of water analysis, water quality map (groundwater)

- Water authority

Number of monitored groundwater bodies - Water authority


The percentage of groundwater body in good state (chemical status) shall be calculated as the number of

groundwater bodies in good state (numerator) divided by the total number of groundwater bodies

(denominator). The result shall then be multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage. All results of official

monitoring points shall be taken into account. As the European Water Framework Directive obliges the

member states to monitor the groundwater quality, the data should be available at the water authority.

Percentage of GWB in good state [%] = Number of GWB in good state

Total number of GWB * 100

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pore_space_in_soil

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum


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2.4 Benchmarks




Directive 2000/60/EC: Directive 2000/60/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 23 October

2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy (2000-10)

Directive 2008/105/CE: Directive 2008/105/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 16

December 2008 on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, amending and subsequently

repealing Council Directives 82/176/EEC, 83/513/EEC, 84/156/EEC, 84/491/EEC, 86/280/EEC and

amending Directive 2000/60/EC of the European parliament and of the council (2008-12)

Directive 2009/90/CE: Commission Directive 2009/90/EC of 31 July 2009 laying down, pursuant to Directive

2000/60/EC of the European parliament and of the council, technical specifications for chemical analysis and

monitoring of water status (2009-07)




4c83-b16f-c72b0779ad03 (22.08.2017)


Clarify and add territorial scale


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MANDATORY

A.3.1 Green infrastructure

1. Intent:

To maintain and improve biodiversity. To protect, restore and use terrestrial and inland water ecosystems

sustainably. To improve ecosystem functioning. To restore ecological connectivity between protected areas.

To halt and reverse land degradation. To preserve opportunities for recreation and tourism through the

possibility of experience of nature.


2.1 Description

The sealing of landscape and sprawl of settlements adversely affect the functioning of ecosystems.

They often correlate with endangerment of the habitat of plant and animal species and landscape

fragmentation. This can lead to a drastic decline of diversity of species and spread of invasive alien species. A

loss in biodiversity threatens food supplies, lessens opportunities for recreation and tourism, and impacts a

diverse range of medicinal sources, varieties of wood, and energy. It also interferes with essential ecological

functions, such as carbon sequestration and air filtering.

In contrast, the planning and implementation of green infrastructure (GI) represent an important

countermeasure to sealing of landscape and sprawl of settlements. According to the European Commission

green infrastructure is defined as a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with

other environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services. It

incorporates green spaces (or blue if aquatic ecosystems are concerned) and other physical features in

terrestrial (including coastal) and marine areas. On land, green infrastructure is present in rural and urban

settings (European Commission, 2013).

The Environmental Directorate General has identified the following potential components of green

infrastructure (European Commission, 2010):

Areas with a high value for biodiversity in protected areas in a coherent network, such as Natura

2000 sites with their buffer zones

Healthy ecosystems and areas of high nature value outside protected areas, such as floodplain

areas, wetlands, extensive grasslands, coastal areas, natural forests

Natural landscape features such as small water courses, forest patches and hedgerows, which

can act as eco-corridors or stepping stones for wildlife

Restored habitat patches that have been created with specific species in mind, e.g. to help expand

the size of a protected area, increase foraging areas, breeding or resting for these species and

assist in their migration/dispersal

Artificial features such as eco-ducts or eco-bridges, or permeable soil covers that are designed to

assist species movement across insurmountable barriers (such as motorways or paved areas)

Multifunctional zones where land uses that help maintain or restore healthy ecosystems are

favoured over other incompatible activities

Areas where measures are implemented to improve the general ecological quality and

permeability of the landscape

Urban elements such as biodiversity-rich parks, permeable soil's cover, green walls and green

roofs, hosting biodiversity and allowing for ecosystems to function and deliver their services;

this should also connect urban, peri-urban and rural areas


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This indicator is assessed by means of a quantitative method. The percentage of green infrastructure area is

determined mathematically. The higher the percentage of green infrastructure area in the territory, the more

credits can be awarded. To ensure standardized calculation and comparability for all regions, the following

areas described in the indicators A3.1 Woodland, A3.2 Areas of natural interest, A3.3 Any wetland, A3.4

Habitat in Natura 2000, A3.8 Ecological network, 3.16 HNV farming and D4.2 Green urban areas are taken

into account for determining the green infrastructure. Overlappings are excluded:

Managed forest areas

National and regional parks

National and regional natural reserves

Buffer zones at the boundaries of the protected areas designed to ensure adequate

environmental protection

Natura 2000 network

Corridors, ecological passages and ganglia

Wetland areas

High nature value farmland (HNV)

Green urban areas


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Green infrastructure area m² Land surveying office, government agencies

for biodiversity, municipalities, urban planning agencies, Corine Land Cover

Total area of the territory m² Land surveying office, municipalities


The percentage of green infrastructure shall be calculated as the green infrastructure area (numerator)

divided by the total area of the territory (denominator). The result shall then be multiplied by 100 and

expressed as a percentage.

Percentage of green infrastructure [%] = Green infrastructure area [m2]

Total area of the territory [m2] * 100

2.4 Benchmarks





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European Commission (2010): Green Infrastructure Implementation 19.11.2010. Conference Background.

Available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ecosystems/docs/GI_background_doc.pdf

(14.11.2017)

European Commission (2012): Science for Environment Policy. In-depth Reports. The Multifunctionality of

Green Infrastructure. Available at

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ecosystems/docs/Green_Infrastructure.pdf (09.111.2017)

European Commission (2013): Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the

Council, the European economic and social Committee and the Committee of the regions. Green Infrastructure

(GI) – Enhancing Europe’s Natural Capital. Available at http://eur-

lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:d41348f2-01d5-4abe-b817-

4c73e6f1b2df.0014.03/DOC_1&format=PDF (08.11.2017)

European Environment Agency (EEA) (2011): Green infrastructure and territorial cohesion. The concept of

green infrastructure and its integration into policies using monitoring systems. Available at

https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/green-infrastructure-and-territorial-cohesion (09.11.2017)


Clarify and add territorial scale Check data availability for GI area

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ecosystems/docs/GI_background_doc.pdf

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:d41348f2-01d5-4abe-b817-4c73e6f1b2df.0014.03/DOC_1&format=PDF




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MANDATORY

A 4.6 Protected cultural heritage

1. Intent:

To raise the awareness for cultural heritage and to underline its importance.


2.1 Description

The concept of cultural heritage has gradually modified and, in its wider and more shared sense at European

and international level, it includes tangible and intangible goods, including environmental ones, as the

identity matrix of a community. Cultural heritage is an expression of the ways of life developed by a

community and was passed down from generation to generation, including customs, religious practices,

places, gastronomic culture, agricultural crops, farming practice, craft knowledge, artistic values etc.

Objects are important for the study of human history because they provide a concrete basis for ideas and can

validate them. Their preservation demonstrates the recognition of the necessity of the past and of the things

that tell its story. Preserved objects also validate memories and the actuality of the object, as opposed to a

reproduction or surrogate, draws people in and gives them a literal way of touching the past. This

unfortunately also poses a danger as places and things are damaged by the hands of tourists, the light

required to display them, and other risks of making an object known and available (UNESCO Office in Cairo,

2011).

The current approach at European and international level inextricably links tangible assets to intangible

assets and conservation projects and policies are addressed to both.

Due to the difficulty of expressing the broader cultural heritage concept including tangible and intangible

goods, this indicator only takes into account protected material goods as immovable properties

(archaeological, architectural, monumental, landscaped goods - including historic centers and settlements -

sites of particular cultural interest and natural areas). All types of instruments for the protection of cultural

goods are considered, which at various institutional levels addresses the variety of goods and not just those of

outstanding public interest. These include national and regional legislation as well as protection instruments

deriving from territorial and urban planning. This approach helps to overcome regulatory differences and at

the same time takes into account the protection activities that originate from local communities.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source

Number of singular protected, immovable goods of artistic, archaeological, architectural, monumental, historical and traditional interest and value in the territory

- Municipality, nature conservation authority, environmental organizations

Number of singular protected, immovable goods of artistic, archaeological, architectural, monumental, historical and traditional interest and value in the territory that are in good state

- Municipality, nature conservation authority, environmental organizations



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The percentage pf protected cultural goods in good state shall be calculated as the number of protected

cultural goods in good state (numerator) divided by the total number of protected cultural goods

(denominator). The result shall be multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage.

% of protected cultural goods in good state [%] = Number of protected cultural goods in good state

Total number of protected cultural goods ∗ 100

2.4 Benchmarks




UNESCO Office in Cairo (2011): Tangible Cultural Heritage. Available at

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/cairo/culture/tangible-cultural-heritage/ (22.11.2017)



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MANDATORY

A 4.7 Protected landscape heritage

1. Intent:

To raise the awareness for landscape heritage and to underline its importance.


2.1 Description

Landscapes exist in various kinds, representing the different regions on earth. They show the interaction

between human activities and the natural environment, expressing a long and intensive relationship between

humankind and nature (UNESCO, 2017).

Landscape heritage can be divided in different groups. For example parkland landscapes and gardens, which

are constructed for aesthetic, religious or monumental reasons, are ranked among clearly defined landscape

designed and created intentionally by man. The group of organically evolved landscape includes results from

an initial social, economic, administrative, and/or religious imperative. This can be a relict landscape, whose

use came to an end in the past, but it can also be a continuing landscape which retains an active social role in

contemporary society (i.e. a Celtic entrenchment, transhumance in the Alps). Sometimes this is also

connected to traditions.

Instruments for the protection of landscape heritage include national and regional legislation, protection

instruments deriving from territorial and urban planning and landscape under special planning control.



Area of landscapes protected by national, regional legislation, protection instruments deriving from territorial and urban planning and landscape under special planning control

km² Municipality, nature conservation authority, environmental organizations

Area of landscapes protected by national, regional legislation, protection instruments deriving from territorial and urban planning and landscape under special planning control that is in good state

km² Municipality, nature conservation authority, environmental organizations


The percentage of protected landscape area that is good state shall be calculated as the area of landscapes

protected by national, regional legislation, protection instruments deriving from territorial and urban

planning and landscape under special planning control that is good state (numerator) divided by the total

area of protected landscape (denominator). The result shall be multiplied by 100 and expressed as a

percentage.


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% of protected landscape area in good state [%] = Area of protected landscapes in good state [km²]

Area of protected landscapes [km²] ∗ 100

2.4 Benchmarks




United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (2017): Cultural Landscapes.

Available at http://whc.unesco.org/en/culturallandscape/ (22.11.2017)



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MANDATORY

A 5.6 Recycled share of produced waste

1. Intent:

To reduce the amount of produced waste. To increase the share of recycled waste.


2.1 Description

Many regions generate more solid waste than they can dispose of. Even when municipal budgets are

adequate for collection, the safe disposal of collected waste often remains a problem. Diverting recyclable

materials from the waste stream is one strategy for addressing this municipal issue. Higher levels of

municipal waste contribute to greater environmental problems and therefore levels of collection, and also

methods of disposal of municipal solid waste are an important component of municipal environmental

management. Solid waste systems are in many ways related to public health, the local economy, the

environment, and the social understanding and education about the latter. A proper solid waste system can

foster recycling practices that maximize the life cycle of landfills and create recycling micro-economies. It also

can provide alternative sources of energy that help reduce the consumption of electricity and/or petroleum

based fuels.

Municipal waste shall refer to waste collected by or on behalf of municipalities in the whole territory. The

data shall only refer to the waste flows managed under the responsibility of the local administration including

waste collected on behalf of the local authority by private companies or regional associations founded for that

purpose.

Municipal waste should include waste originating from:

Households

Commerce and trade, small businesses and office buildings

Institutions (e.g. schools, hospitals, government buildings)

The definition should also include:

Bulky waste (e.g. white goods, old furniture, mattresses)

Garden waste, leaves, grass clippings and street sweepings

Waste from selected municipal services, i.e. waste from park and garden maintenance, waste

from street cleaning services (e.g. street sweepings, the content of litter containers, market

cleansing waste)

Municipal construction and demolition waste

The definition shall exclude:

Waste from municipal sewage network and treatment


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Total amount of municipal waste t Municipality, waste treatment service

companies Recycled amount of municipal waste t Municipality, waste treatment service

companies


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This information should be obtained from municipal bodies, public services and major private contractors

dealing with solid waste collection and disposal. Data may be obtained from specific studies carried out on

solid waste for specific projects.

Information on selected disposal methods should be gathered from municipal facilities and operators,

parastatal and private companies dealing with solid waste treatment. Solid waste experts, as well as NGOs

working in this area, may be consulted.


The recycled share of produced solid waste shall be calculated as the amount of recycled solid waste in tons

(numerator) divided by the total amount of solid waste produced in the territory in tons (denominator). The

result shall then be multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage.

Recycled share of produced waste [%] = Recycled amount of municipal waste [t]

Total amount of municipal waste [t] * 100

2.4 Benchmarks




ISO 37120:2014-05: Sustainable development of communities – Indicators for city services and quality of life

(2014-05)



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MANDATORY

A 8.1 Greenhouse gas emissions

1. Intent:

To decrease the emissions of man-made greenhouse gas emissions in the Alpine Space. To mitigate or defer

global warming and avoid dangerous climate change. To reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in the

atmosphere.


2.1 Description

Climate change is one of our greatest environmental, social and economic threats. According to the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change the warming of the climate system is unequivocal (IPCC, 2007).

Observations show increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and

ice, and rising global mean sea level. It is very likely that most of the warming can be attributed to the

emissions of greenhouse gases by human activities.

Over the past 150 years, mean temperature has increased by almost 0.8 °C globally and by about 1 °C in

Europe. Without global action to limit emissions, the IPCC expects that global temperatures may increase

further by 1.8 to 4.0 °C by 2100. This means that temperature increase since pre-industrial times would

exceed 2 °C. Beyond this threshold irreversible and possibly catastrophic changes become far more likely

(Eurostat, 2016). To halt climate change, global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced significantly, and

policies to do so must be put in place and fully implemented.

The main sources of man-made greenhouse gases are (EEA, 2017):

Burning of fossil fuels in electricity generation, transport, industry and households

Agriculture and land use changes like deforestation

Land filling of waste

Use of industrial fluorinated gases

There are six major GHGs. Their warming potential varies from several years to decades to centuries:

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Methane (CH4)

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)


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In this indicator the greenhouse gas emissions per capita shall be determined. Greenhouse gas emissions

from all sectors, including international aviation, but excluding emissions from international navigation, land

use, land-use change and forestry are considered. The lower the greenhouse gas emissions per capita, the

more credits can be awarded.

The calculation includes the following sectors:

Stationary units

Mobile units

Waste

Industrial process and product use sectors

Agriculture


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Annual GHG emissions (CO2, N2O, CH4, HFCs,PFCs,NF3, SF6 or in CO2-equivalent)

T CO2-equivalent/a Measured data

Territory’s total population inh. Population statistics

Local governments shall be expected to provide information (i.e. quantified emissions) for each of these

emission sources.


The greenhouse gas emissions per capita shall be calculated as the total amount of greenhouse gases in tons

(t CO2-equivalent units) generated over the calendar year within the region (numerator) divided by the

territory´s total population (denominator). The result shall be expressed as the total greenhouse gas

emissions per capita in t CO2 equivalent/inh*a.

GHG emissions per capita [t CO2 equivalent/inh.*a] = Annual GHG emissions [t CO2 equivalent/a]

Territory’s total population [inh.]

2.4 Benchmarks




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DIN EN ISO 14064-1: 2012-05: Greenhouse gases – Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization

level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals (2012-05)

Eurostat, European Environment Agency (EEA) (2016): Greenhouse gas emissions, base year 1990. Available

at

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&pcode=t2020_30&language=en

(13.11.2017)

European Environment Agency (EEA) (2017): Greenhouse gas emission trends. Available at

https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emission-trends (14.11.2017)

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007): Climate Change 2007:

Synthesis Report - Summary for Policymakers. Available at www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-

report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf (16.11.2017)



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MANDATORY

A 9.1 Exposure to air pollution

1. Intent:

To reduce the number of fine particulate matter (PM) exposed settlements in the Alpine Space. To ensure that

the annual average concentration of the particulate in the atmosphere (microscopic particles having a

diameter less than 10 mm) is within the limit value for human health. To reduce the fine particulate matter

(PM) in the atmosphere for a higher quality of air.


2.1 Description

Particulate matter is a mixture of microscopic solids and liquid droplets suspended in air. These particulates

are made up of a number of components, including acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals,

metals, soil or dust particles, and allergens (such as fragments of pollen or mould spores). Coarse particles

are greater than 2,5 microns and less or equal to 10 microns in diameter and are defined as “respirable

particulate matter” or PM10. Sources of coarse particles include crushing or grinding operations in industrial

processes and dust from paved or unpaved roads. (ISO 37120: 2014-05)

Fine particulate matter can cause major health problems in regions, cities and next to highways. According to

the WHO, any concentration of particulate matter (PM) is harmful to human health. PM is carcinogenic and

harms the circulatory system as well as the respiratory system. As with many other air pollutants, there is a

connection with questions of environmental justice since often underprivileged inhabitants may suffer from

stronger exposure. The range of health effects is broad, but is predominantly to the respiratory and

cardiovascular systems.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Number of days with exceedances of the daily limit of (50 µg/m3 )PM10

d Monitoring plan


The exposure to air pollution shall be represented by the number of days, which have exceeded the daily limit

of Particulate Matter (PM10) concentration throughout one year.

2.4 Benchmarks




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(2014-05)

Italian Ministerial Decree 2 April 2002, n. 60 (2002): Territorial Monitoring Plan of Piedmont Region "air

quality value limits"

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/standards.htm


For the testing phase, we suggest to use the available data, preferably the days of exceedances in the year 2016


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RECOMMENDED

A 12.1 Exposure of households to noise

1. Intent:

To reduce the exposure of settlements to noise caused by traffic, industry or agriculture. To reduce physical

and mental health problems, especially hearing problems caused by man-made noise.


2.1 Description

Noise pollution is linked to a range of health problems, yet the number of Europeans exposed to high levels of

noise is on the rise. Road traffic is a leading source in towns and cities – each day nearly 70 million Europeans

in towns and cities are exposed to noise levels in excess of 55 decibels just from traffic. According to the

World Health Organisation, long-term exposure to such levels can trigger elevated blood pressure and heart

attacks.

Furthermore, around 50 million people living in urban areas suffer from excessively high levels of traffic

noise at night, and for 20 million of them night-time traffic noise actually has a damaging effect on health. The

biggest problem is loss of sleep. The World Health Organisation recommends that for a good night's sleep,

continuous background noise should stay below 30 decibels and individual noises should not exceed 45

decibels. Other issues include hearing problems such as tinnitus, mental health problems and stress. It can

also affect performance at work and cause children problems with schoolwork.

Birds and other animals also suffer. While some creatures are able to adapt to urban existence, there is

concern that noise pollution may drive some away from their usual breeding and feeding sites.

EU Member States are required to map noise levels in large towns and cities, roads, railways and airports, and

to come up with plans to tackle the problem. Also, EU laws oblige authorities to inform the public about the

impacts of noise pollution and consult them on the measures they are planning to tackle noise pollution. That

way, citizens can see how noise management measures are bringing real improvements, and approach their

elected representatives if necessary (Directive 2002/49/ES: 2002-06).


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Noise cadaster - Public statistics, measurements Exposed residential area m² Measurement

Total residential area m² Municipalities

For the calculation specific maps with noise cadaster are required to calculate the exposed residential area

which is inside the sound level zone of 55 dB (A) during the day (Directive 2002/49/ES: 2002-06).


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The percentage of exposed residential area shall be calculated by mapping the noise level Lden (day-evening-

night) likely to cause annoyance as given in ISO 1996-2:1987, identifying the areas of the region where Lden

is greater than 55 dB(A) and dividing these exposed areas by the total area residential areas. The result shall

then be multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage.

Percentage of exposed residential area [%] = Exposed residential area [m²]

Total residential area [m²]*100

2.4 Benchmarks




Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege (2017): Umweltatlas. Available at

http://www.umweltatlas.bayern.de/mapapps/resources/apps/lfu_laerm_ftz/index.html?lang=de

(13.11.2017)

Directive 2002/49/ES: Directive 2002/49/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 25 June 2002

relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise (2002-06)

European Commission (2015): Noise pollution in the EU. Available at

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/basics/health-wellbeing/noise/index_en.htm (14.11.2017)

ISO 1996-2: 1987-04: Acoustics - Description and measurement of environmental noise - Part 2: Acquisition

of data pertinent to land use (1987-04)

Slovenian Environment Agency (2014): Environmental indicators in Slovenia. Available at http://nfp-

si.eionet.europa.eu/publikacije/Datoteke/Kazalci%20okolja%20v%20Sloveniji/Kazalciokoljavsloveniji_en.p

df (13.11.2017)


http://www.umweltatlas.bayern.de/mapapps/resources/apps/lfu_laerm_ftz/index.html?lang=de


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MANDATORY

B 1.1 Final energy consumption

1. Intent:

To decrease the amount of consumed final energy in the Alpine Space. To mitigate or defer global warming

and avoid dangerous climate change.


2.1 Description

Final energy consumption is the total energy consumed by end users, such as households, industry and

agriculture. It is the energy which reaches the final consumer's door and excludes that which is used by the

energy sector itself. It excludes energy used by the energy sector, including deliveries, and transformation. It

also excludes fuel transformed in electrical power stations of industrial auto-producers and coke transformed

into blast-furnace gas where this is not part of overall industrial consumption but of the transformation

sector.

Between 2005 and 2014, final energy consumption decreased by 11 % (1.3 % annually) in the EU (EEA,

2017). Final energy consumption decreased in all sectors, particularly in the industry and households sectors

(16.5 % and 14.8 %, respectively), but also in the transport (4.5 %) and services sectors (1.7 %). This

decrease in final energy consumption since 2005 was influenced by economic performance, structural

changes in various end-use sectors, particularly industry, improvements in end-use efficiency and lower than

average heat consumption as a result of favorable climatic conditions, particularly in 2011 and 2014. In 2014,

the EU-28 met their 2020 target for final energy consumption.

In the non-EU EEA countries, namely Turkey, Iceland and Norway the final energy consumption increased by

28 % (2.8 % per year) between 2005 and 2014. This was caused by an increase in energy consumption in

Turkey (35 %) and Iceland (78 %), and a small decrease in energy consumption in Norway (1 %). Since

1990, the final energy consumption in these non-EU EEA countries has increased by 92 % (2.8 % annually)

(EEA, 2017).

In the EEA-33 countries the final energy consumption decreased by 8.4 % (1 % annually) between 2005 and

2014. The largest contributors to this decrease were the industry and household sectors, both contributing

13.6 % to this decrease. On average, each person in the EEA-33 countries used 2.0 tons of oil equivalents to

meet their energy needs in 2014.

The scope of the examination for this indicator covers final energy consumption in households only


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Final energy consumption in households kWh/a Distribution system operators, official

statistics Territory´s total population inh. Population statistics, public authorities


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The final energy consumption per capita shall be calculated as the final energy consumption in kWh/a caused

by households, (numerator) divided by the territory´s total population (denominator).

Final energy consumption in households per capita [kWh/inh.*a] = Final household energy consumption [kWh/a]

Territory´s total population [inh.]

2.4 Benchmarks




European Environment Agency (2017): Final energy consumption by sector and fuel. Available at

https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/final-energy-consumption-by-sector-9/assessment-

1 (14.11.2017)

Unioncamere (Chambers of Commerce Union), OECD, IEA, Eurostat (2005): Energy Statistics Manual.

Available at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-

explained/index.php/Glossary:Final_energy_consumption (13.07.2017)



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MANDATORY

B 1.8 Primary energy consumption

1. Intent:

To decrease the amount of consumed primary energy in the Alpine Space. To mitigate or defer global

warming and avoid dangerous climate change.


2.1 Description

Primary energy is an energy form found in nature that has not been subjected to any conversion or

transformation process. It is energy contained in raw fuels, and other forms of energy received as input to a

system. Primary energy can be non-renewable or renewable. Primary energy sources are transformed in

energy conversion processes to more convenient forms of energy, such as electrical energy, refined fuels, or

synthetic fuels such as hydrogen fuel. In the field of energetics, these forms are called energy carriers and

correspond to the concept of "secondary energy" in energy statistics.

The structure of the energy mix in primary energy consumption provides an indication of the environmental

pressures associated with energy consumption. The type and magnitude of the environmental impacts

associated with energy consumption, such as resource depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, air pollutant

emissions, water pollution, accumulation of radioactive waste, etc. strongly depend on the type and amount

of fuel consumed as well as on the abatement technologies applied (EEA, 2017).

The scope of the examination for this indicator covers primary energy consumption by households, trade and

commercial, industry and agriculture.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Primary energy consumption in households kWh/a Energy company, municipality Primary energy consumption in trade/commerce kWh/a Energy company, municipality Primary energy consumption in industry kWh/a Energy company, municipality Primary energy consumption in agriculture kWh/a Energy company, municipality Territory´s total population inh. Population statistics


The primary energy consumption per capita shall be calculated as the primary energy consumption in kWh/a

caused by households, trade and commerce, industry and agriculture (numerator) divided by the territory´s

total population (denominator).

Primary energy consumption per capita [kWh/inh.*a] = ∑ Primary energy consumptioni [kWh/a] 4

i=1

Territory´s total population [inh.]


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Where:

1: Households

2: Trade and commerce

3: Industry

4: Agriculture

2.4 Benchmarks




European Environment Agency (EEA) (2017): Primary energy consumption by fuel. Available at

https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/primary-energy-consumption-by-fuel-6

(14.11.2017)



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MANDATORY

B 1.20 Degree of renewable energy consumed

1. Intent:

To raise the amount of renewable energy consumed in the Alpine Space. To ensure cost-effective deployment

and market integration of renewable electricity.


2.1 Description

The use of renewable energy sources (RES) contributes to climate change mitigation through the reduction of

greenhouse gas emissions protects the environment and helps to improve citizens' health. Moreover,

renewable energy is also emerging as a driver of inclusive economic growth, creating jobs and reinforcing

energy security across Europe (Eurostat, 2016).

Every two years, the EU publishes a renewable energy progress report. The 2017 report states that the EU as

a whole achieved a 16% share of renewable energy in 2014 and an estimated share of 16,4% in 2015. The

vast majority of EU countries are well on track to reach their 2020 binding targets for renewable energy.

Renewables will continue to play a key role in helping the EU meet its energy needs beyond 2020. EU

countries have already agreed on a new renewable energy target of at least 27% of final energy consumption

in the EU as a whole by 2030 as part of the EU's energy and climate goals for 2030 (Eurostat, 2016).


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Renewable final energy consumption (including power and heat)

kWh/a Energy company, municipality

Total final energy consumption kWh/a Energy company, municipality


The degree of renewable energy consumed shall be calculated as the renewable final energy consumption in

kWh/a (numerator) divided by the total final energy consumption (denominator). The result shall then be

multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage. The calculation shall include households, agriculture,

commerce and industry.

Degree of renewable energy consumed [%] = Renewable final energy consumption [kWh/a]

Total final energy consumption [kWh/a] * 100


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2.4 Benchmarks




Deutsches Umweltbundesamt (2017): Europäische Energie- und Klimaziele. Available at

https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/klimawandel/europaeische-energie-klimaziele (14.11.2017)

Directive 2009/28/EC: Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009

on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing

Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (2009-04)

Directive 2016/0767 (2016): Directive 2016/0767 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Of 23

February 2017 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast) (2017-11)

Eurostat (2016): Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption. Available at

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/t2020_31&lang=en (13.07.2017)


http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/t2020_31&lang=en


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MANDATORY

B 3.1 Consumption of water

1. Intent:

To decrease the consumption of water in households.


2.1 Description

Consumption of water per person depends on the availability and price of water, the climate, and especially

on the usage by individuals (i.e. drinking, bathing, washing and gardening), industrial, commercial and

agricultural entities. In some settlements in the Alpine Space, potable water supply may not be constant and

households rely on a few hours to tap the available water during the day. Usually the extent of water

consumption depends on the population’s income. In regions with a higher average income the water

consumption is usually higher than in regions with lower income (ISO 37120: 2014-05).

Water consumption must be in harmony with water resources in order to be sustainable. This harmony may

be achieved through improvements in water supply systems and changes in water consumption patterns.

Domestic water use only represents a small portion of total water consumption (e.g. 10 per cent in the

European Union), trailing agricultural and industrial uses (ISO 37120:2014-05). Before reaching the users, a

part of the water supplied might be lost through leakage or illegal tapping. In regions with old and

deteriorating water reticulation systems, a substantial proportion of piped water may be lost through cracks

and flaws in pipes – for example up to 30 per cent of water is lost in this way in some countries in Eastern

Europe. Also for the Alpine Space this could be an important aspect, referred to the movements of the

mountains under the soil surface. It is therefore important to take this issue into account in the final

consumption measurement. If possible, the actual supply shall be used in the calculation as the final

consumption figure.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Water consumption in households per year m³/a Municipality, local operators of water supply

systems Territory’s total population inh. Municipality, population statistics

This information should be obtained from the main water supply companies, which maintain record on water

supplied, delivered, consumed and ultimately paid by the end-users.


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The total household water consumption per capita shall be calculated as the territory´s household water

consumption in cubic meters per year (numerator) divided by the territory´s total population (denominator).

The result shall be expressed as the total water consumption per capita in cubic meters per inhabitant and

year.

Household Water consumption per capita [m³/inh.*a] = Household water consumption [m³/a]

Territory's total population [inh.]

2.4 Benchmarks




Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale (2016): Acqua consumo acqua potabile. Available at

https://www.arpa.piemonte.gov.it/reporting/indicatori-on_line/componenti-ambientali/acqua_consumo-

acqua-potabile (13.07.2017)

ISO 37120: 2014-05: Sustainable development of communities – Indicators for city services and quality of life

(2014-05)


https://www.arpa.piemonte.gov.it/reporting/indicatori-on_line/componenti-ambientali/acqua_consumo-acqua-potabile

https://www.arpa.piemonte.gov.it/reporting/indicatori-on_line/componenti-ambientali/acqua_consumo-acqua-potabile


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RECOMMENDED

B 4.1 Efficiency in the use of existing residential building

1. Intent

To promote efficient use of existing residential building stock. To extend the life cycle of existing residential

building stock. To conserve resources and reduce waste. To reduce adverse environmental effects caused by

the construction of new buildings related to materials manufacturing and transport. To preserve and reuse

buildings of historic value.


2.1 Description

Many rural areas are affected by a decrease of population because of demographic change. In many areas this

results in vacancy of residential buildings due to declining housing demand. The designation of new building

areas in outer areas intensifies this development and often leads to vacancies in the former town centers. To

conserve resources and reduce waste and negative environmental effects caused by the construction of new

buildings, the existing residential building stock should be used instead of the construction of new houses.

This also keeps existing village centers vital and existing infrastructure can be sustained because of sufficient

demand.

This indicator is assessed by means of a quantitative method. The percentage of vacant dwellings in the

territory is determined mathematically. The lower the ratio between vacant dwellings and total dwellings, the



Information/Attribute Unit Data source Total number of dwellings m² Building authority Number of vacant dwellings Building authority, vacancy cadaster,

registration office


The percentage of vacant dwellings shall be calculated as the number of vacant dwellings (numerator)

divided by the total number of dwellings in the territory (denominator). The result shall then be multiplied

by 100 and expressed as a percentage.

Percentage of vacant dwellings [%]=Number of Vacant dwellings

Total number of dwellings [m²]*100

2.4 Benchmarks


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Bayerische Verwaltung für ländliche Entwicklung (2016): Vitalitäts-Check 2.1. Das Analyseinstrument zur

Innenentwicklung für Dörfer und Gemeinden. Available at

http://www.stmelf.bayern.de/landentwicklung/dokumentationen/059178/index.php?layer=rss

(13.07.2017)

U.S: Green building council (USGBC) (2013): LEED 2009 for Neighborhood Development Rating System.

Updated October 2013. GIB Credit 5: Existing Building Reuse


Clarify and add territorial scale What are possible data sources for the criterion?


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RECOMMENDED

B 4.2 Efficiency in the use of existing non-residential building

1. Intent

To promote efficient use of existing non-residential building stock. To extend the life cycle of existing non-

residential building stock. To conserve resources and reduce waste. To reduce adverse environmental effects

caused by the construction of new buildings related to materials manufacturing and transport. To preserve

and reuse buildings of historic value.


2.1 Description

Many rural areas are affected by a decrease of population because of demographic and structural change. In

many areas this results in vacancy of non-residential buildings due to declining demand for amenities and

workplaces. The designation of new industrial areas in outer areas intensifies this development and often

leads to vacancies in the former town centers. To conserve resources and reduce waste and negative

environmental effects caused by the construction of new buildings, the existing non-residential building stock

should be used instead of the construction of new buildings. This also keeps existing village centers vital and

existing infrastructure can be sustained because of sufficient demand.

This indicator is assessed by means of a quantitative method. The percentage of vacant floor area of non-

residential buildings in the territory is determined mathematically. The lower the ratio between vacant floor

area and total floor area of non-residential buildings, the more credits can be awarded.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Total floor area of non-residential buildings in the territory

m² Building authority

Vacant floor area of non-residential buildings in the territory

m² Building authority, vacancy cadaster, registration office


The percentage of vacant floor area of non-residential buildings shall be calculated as the vacant floor area of

non-residential buildings (numerator) divided by the total floor area of all non-residential buildings in the

territory (denominator). The result shall then be multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage.

Percentage of vacant floor area [%] = Vacant floor area of non-residential buildings [m²]

Total floor area of non-residential buildings [m²] * 100

2.4 Benchmarks





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(13.07.2017)


Updated October 2013. GIB Credit 5: Existing Building Reuse




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MANDATORY

B 4.6 Intensity of land use

1. Intent

To reduce artificial land consumption ensuring an efficient development structure at the same time. To

encourage development in areas with existing infrastructure and developed places to conserve land and

protect farmland and wildlife habitat. To promote livability, walkability, and transportation efficiency, and

reduce vehicle distance traveled. To reduce adverse multiple environmental harms and public health impacts

– such as asthma, respiratory diseases, and injuries from motor vehicles – associated with sprawl. To reduce

development pressure beyond the limits of existing development. To conserve natural and financial resources

required for construction and maintenance of infrastructure.


2.1 Description

The construction of buildings and infrastructure changes previous open surfaces drastically and often has a

negative impact on the environment. Roofing and concrete paving interrupt the natural flow of storm water

and the replenishment of ground reservoirs. The increase of soil sealing leads to collection and funneling of

storm water in sewers, reducing the onsite usage of the water and increasing the pressure on wastewater

systems. Furthermore, habitat of flora and fauna is affected negatively and the landscape is cut up. Between

2006 and 2012 the annual land take in the European countries was approximately 118.000 ha/year (EEA,

2017). To prevent further environmental damage, land consumption should to be reduced drastically.

This indicator is assessed by means of a quantitative method. The size of urbanized area (settlement and

transportation infrastructure) per capita in the territory is determined mathematically. The smaller the size

of the urbanized area per capita in the territory, the more credits can be awarded.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Urbanized area m² Real estate cadaster, development plan,

Vitalitätscheck (Bavaria) Territory’s total population inh. Population statistics


The size of urbanized area per capita shall be calculated as the size of urbanized area (settlement and

transportation infrastructure) (numerator) divided by the number of inhabitants (denominator).

Urbanized area per capita [m2/inh.] = Urbanized area [m2]

Territory 's total population [inh.]

Urbanized area: consists of buildings and urban open space, industrial/commercial sites, transport

infrastructure, areas for relaxation and cemeteries

2.4 Benchmarks


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Barbano, G., Eßig, N., Mittermeier, P., Orova, M., Beagon, P., Claudi, L., Gomez-Salcedo, J. & Kiedaisch, F. (2016):

NewTREND. Deliverable D2.2: Definition of sustainable key performance indicators




(13.07.2017)

Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit (BMUB) (2015): Indikatorenbericht

2014 zur nationalen Strategie zur biologischen Vielfalt. Berlin

European Environment Agency (EEA) (2017): Land take. Available at https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-

maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-1 (22.06.2017)


Clarify and add territorial scale Check data availability in pilot phase


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RECOMMENDED

B 4.16 Recycled share of construction waste

1. Intent:

To reduce the amount of construction waste in the building sector. To increase the share of recycled

construction waste. To reduce resource consumption and resulting negative environmental impacts in the

building sector. To encourage selective deconstruction instead of conventional demolition. To support high

quality recycling of building materials at the end of the life cycle. To foster circular economy.


2.1 Description

The construction sector is the largest consumer of raw materials in the European Union. Also, construction

and demolition activities account for about 33 percent of waste generated annually (EEA, 2010). This leads to

progressive shortages of primary raw materials and harmful emissions into the environment. The currently

widespread linear economy approach works according to the ‘take-make-dispose’ step plan. Resources are

extracted and products are produced. Products are used until they are discarded and disposed as waste. In

contrast, the circular economy approach works according to the “reduce, reuse and recycle” paradigm.

Material extraction is reduced where possible by using less material, products are made of reused parts and

materials, and after discarding a product, materials and parts are recycled. Circular economy provides the

opportunity of using resources in the construction sector more efficiently and keeping materials in closed

loops.

For already existing buildings selective deconstruction instead of conventional demolition represents the best

prerequisite for subsequent reuse or high quality recycling of building materials at the end of their life cycle.

Building parts in good condition can be reused directly and materials can be separated into different waste

fractions. This allows high quality recycling.

This indicator is assessed by means of a quantitative method. The recycled share of construction waste is

determined mathematically. The higher the percentage of recycled construction waste, the more credits can

be awarded.

Construction wastes include:

Concrete

Brick

Tiles

Wood

Glass

Plastics

Metals

Insulating material

Gypsum waste

Mixed construction wastes


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For each waste fraction the different recycling paths have to be indicated with differentiation between high

quality (reuse in the same product cycle), low quality recycling (reuse in a lower product cycle), thermal

utilization or landfilling.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Total amount of construction waste t Disposal companies, waste management

authority Amount of recycled construction waste t Disposal companies, waste management

authority


The recycled share of construction waste shall be calculated as the amount of recycled construction waste

(numerator) divided by the total amount of construction waste (denominator). The result shall then be

multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage. The various recycling paths for the different waste fractions

shall be indicated.

Recycled share of construction waste [%] = Amount of recycled construction waste [t]

Total amount of construction waste [t] * 100

2.4 Benchmarks




European Environment Agency (EEA) (2010): The European Environment State and outlook 2010. Material

resources and waste. Copenhagen

VDI. Zentrum Ressourceneffizienz (2017): Ressourceneffizienz im Bauwesen. Available at

https://www.ressource-deutschland.de/themen/bauwesen/?L=0 (28.08.2017)


Clarify and add territorial scale Check data availability for demolition/deconstruction procedures and recycling rates Clarify if amount of waste should be calculated in t or m³

http://www.linguee.com/english-german/translation/waste.html

http://www.linguee.com/english-german/translation/management.html

http://www.linguee.com/english-german/translation/authority.html

http://www.linguee.com/english-german/translation/waste.html

http://www.linguee.com/english-german/translation/management.html

http://www.linguee.com/english-german/translation/authority.html


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RECOMMENDED

C 1.2 Performance of the public transport

1. Intent

To improve accessibility to public transportation and linkage of transportation systems (train, bus, tram or

subway). To ensure the availability of frequent and convenient public transport links (train, bus, tram or

tube). To reduce traffic, transport-related pollution and congestion and land development impacts from

automobile use. To recognize and encourage development in proximity of good public transport networks.


2.1 Description

The use of public transport instead of private motorized transport contributes to the reduction of greenhouse

gas emissions. While a passenger kilometer travelled by a small, fully occupied car contributes 42 grams to

CO2-emission, a passenger-kilometer travelled by train only contributes 14 grams to CO2-emission (EEA,

2016).

To ensure fast and comfortable transportation, public transportation requires high accessibility, frequency of

rides and interconnectivity of transport modes. Furthermore, punctuality and reliability are important

elements to ensure convenience for passengers. The modes of public transportation in rural areas include

train, tram and bus.



Number of public transport stops Transport companies / open street maps

Territory’s urbanized area KM²


Access to public transportation shall be calculated as the number of public transport stops in the territory

(numerator) divided by territory’s total urbanized area (denominator).

Access to public transportation = Number of public transport stops]

Territory's urbanized area [Km²]

2.4 Benchmarks




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Bayerische Verwaltung für ländliche Entwicklung (2016): Ländliche Entwicklung in Bayern. Planen mit

System. Vitalitäts-Check zur Innenentwicklung für Dörfer und Gemeinden. Leitfaden. Available at


(13.07.2017)

European Environment Agency (EEA) (2016): CO2 emissions from passenger transport. Available at

https://www.eea.europa.eu/media/infographics/co2-emissions-from-passenger-transport/view

(30.10.2017)




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MANDATORY

C 1.11 Modal split of public transport

1. Intent

To increase the modal split of public passenger transport. To reduce traffic, transport-related pollution and

congestion and land development impacts from automobile use. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions related

to automobile use. To save endless fossil resources. To recognize and encourage development in proximity of

good public transport networks.


2.1 Description

Sustainable transport is one of the seven key challenges formulated in the EU Sustainable Development

Strategy (EU SDS). The European Union’s overall goal is to ensure that the transport systems meet society’s

economic, social and environmental needs whilst minimizing undesirable impacts on the economy, society

and the environment (Eurostat, 2015). While transport is a driver for economic growth on the one hand, it

puts increasing pressure on natural resources and on societies on the other hand. Greenhouse gas emissions,

air pollution and noise from transport have a negative impact on the climate, environment and human health.

Moreover, increasing energy consumption by the transport sector involves more resources. Transport

infrastructure fragments landscapes and ecosystems on a large scale. Increased transport activities and

accidents with fatal outcomes create social costs and time losses due to congestions (Eurostat, 2015).

In 2015 the total energy consumption of all transport modes in the EU-28 amounted to 359 Mtoe which

corresponds to a share of 33.1 percent of the final end use of energy (Eurostat, 2017a). Not all modes of

transport have the same impact on environment and society. While a passenger kilometer travelled by a

small, fully occupied car contributes 42 grams to CO2-emission, a passenger-kilometer travelled by train only

contributes 14 grams to CO2-emission (EEA, 2016). Therefore, changes in the modal split of passenger

transport can have a considerable effect on the impact of transport.

The modal split of passenger transport indicates the percentage share of each transport mode in total inland

transport. A journey of one person over a kilometer yields a passenger-kilometer (pkm). The indicator

includes journeys by passenger cars, buses and coaches, and trains. Domestic air transport and human-

powered mobility (walking, cycling) are not included. In 2013, 83.2 percent of around 5 600 000 million

passenger-kilometers travelled in the EU were covered by passenger cars. Public transport constituted 16.8

percent of total transport movements in the EU, whereby buses and coaches made up 9,2 percent and trains

7,6 percent (Eurostat, 2015).

This indicator is assessed by means of a quantitative method. The modal split of public passenger transport is

determined mathematically taking into account passenger kilometers travelled by bus, coach and train. The

higher the modal split of public transport, the more credits can be awarded.


http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Transport_mode


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Passenger-kilometers travelled by train pkm Transport companies, traffic office Passenger-kilometers travelled by bus and coach

pkm Transport companies, traffic office

Passenger-kilometers travelled by cars pkm Traffic office


The modal split of public transport shall be calculated as the distance of passenger-kilometers travelled by

public transport including buses, coaches and trains (numerator) divided by the total distance of passenger-

kilometers travelled including cars, buses and coaches and trains (denominator). The result shall then be

multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage.

Modal split of public transport [%] = Distance travelled by public transport [pkm]

Total distance travelled [pkm] * 100

2.4 Benchmarks




European Environment Agency (EEA) (2016): CO2 emissions from passenger transport. Available at

https://www.eea.europa.eu/media/infographics/co2-emissions-from-passenger-transport/view

(30.10.2017)

Eurostat (2015): Sustainable development in the European Union. 2015 monitoring report of the EU

Sustainable Development Strategy. Available at

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/6975281/KS-GT-15-001-EN-N.pdf/5a20c781-e6e4-

4695-b33d-9f502a30383f (30.10.2017)

Eurostat (2016): Model split of passenger transport. Available at

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/refreshMapView.do?tab=map&plugin=1&init=1&toolbox=types&pcode

=tsdtr210&language=en (30.10.2017)

Eurostat (2017a): Statistics explained. Consumption of energy. Available at

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Sustainable_development_-_transport

(30.10.2017)


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Eurostat (2017b): Statistics explained. Sustainable development – transport. Available at

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Sustainable_development_-_transport

(30.10.2017)




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RECOMMENDED

D 1.1 Population balance

1. Intent:

To monitor the balance between positive and negative change in the population in the Alpine Space regions.

To identify the shrinking or growth of population in different territories.


2.1 Description

The world’s population has grown considerably in the last 60 years. According to the United Nations, the

number of inhabitants increased from 2.5 billion in 1950 to pass 7 billion at the end of October 2011

(Eurostat, 2015).

Against this background of rising global population, there has been a considerable slowdown in the pace of

population expansion within the EU. This pattern has been repeated in most other developed world

economies. Nevertheless, besides from Japan, the EU is the world’s most rapidly ageing region.

There were 506.8 million inhabitants in the EU-28 as on the 1st of January 2014. This equates to just 7 % of

the total world population, compared with a share that was almost twice as high five decades earlier. The

pace of population growth in the EU-28 is expected to slow further, such that within the next 30 to 40 years

the total number of inhabitants in the EU-28 is projected to stagnate and subsequently decline (Eurostat,

2015).

Population change may be defined as the difference in the size of a population between the end and the

beginning of a given time period (usually one year). More specifically, this period is usually the difference in

population size between the 1st of January of two consecutive years. Population change has two components:

natural population change (the number of live births minus the number of deaths)

net migration (the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants), plus statistical

adjustment

A positive population change is referred to as population growth (or population increase), whereas a

negative change is referred to as population decline (or population decrease).


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Negative development of inhabitants (incl. deaths) inh. Population statistics, municipality Positive development of inhabitants (incl. births) inh. Population statistics, municipality


The population balance shall be calculated as the difference between the positive development of inhabitants

[inh.] and the negative development of inhabitants [inh.]. It shows if the territory has a growing or shrinking

population. Negative development is including the number of people moving out of the region, as well as the

number of deaths. Positive development is including the number of people moving to the region, as well as

the number of births (Eurostat, 2017).

Population balance [inh.] = Positive development of inhabitants [inh.] - Negative development of inhabitants [inh.]


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2.4 Benchmarks




Eurostat (2015): People in the EU – statistics on demographic changes. Available at

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-

explained/index.php/People_in_the_EU_%E2%80%93_statistics_on_demographic_changes (14.11.2017)

Eurostat (2017): Population statistics at regional level. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-

explained/index.php/Population_statistics_at_regional_level (14.11.2017)



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RECOMMENDED

D 2.3 Poverty and social exclusion

1. Intent:

To reduce the share of people living in poverty in all its dimensions. To foster social protection systems and

measures for all and to achieve coverage of the poor and the vulnerable. To ensure equal rights and access to

economic and natural resources, technology, basic and financial services and all forms of property.


2.1 Description

Poverty is more than the lack of income and resources to ensure a sustainable livelihood. Its manifestations

include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services, social discrimination

and exclusion as well as the lack of participation in decision-making. Almost every fourth person in the EU —

23.7 % of the population — was at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2015 (Eurostat, 2016).

In the European Union the most common indicator that is set to measure the risk of poverty is the 60%

poverty threshold. This means that people whose income is less than 60 per cent of the median household

income are seen at risk of poverty. The median income is the middle point in the income range, with equal

numbers of households on incomes above and below that point. The 60 per cent level is chosen as an

indicator of the income at which those below are likely to be suffering hardship. The threshold’s importance

is that it can be tracked over time, and allows comparisons between different countries.

This indicator is assessed by means of a quantitative method. The percentage of the territory’s population

living below the poverty threshold (less than 60 per cent of the median household income) is determined

mathematically. The poverty threshold for the member states of the European Union are recorded by the

Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) which can be viewed through its website at:

http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di04&lang=en

If regional data for the value of the median income are available, those should be used preferably for the

calculation.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Number of households living below poverty threshold (60 per cent threshold)

- Population statistics

Average number of persons per household [inh.] Population statistics Territory’s total population [inh.] Population statistics


The percentage of the territory’s population living below the poverty threshold (less than 60 per cent of the

median household income) shall be calculated as the number of inhabitants living below the poverty

threshold (numerator) divided by the territory’s total population (denominator). The result shall then be

multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage.


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The total number of inhabitants in the territory living below the poverty threshold shall first be determined

by multiplying the number of the territory’s households living at or below the poverty threshold (numerator)

by the current average number of persons per household for the territory (denominator).

Percentage below threshold [%] = Number of inhabitants below threshold [inh.]

Territory's total population [inh.] * 100

2.4 Benchmarks







4c83-b16f-c72b0779ad03 (22.08.2017)

Eurostat (2017): Mean and median income by household type - EU-SILC survey. Available at

http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do (25.08.2017)

ISO 37120: 2014-05: Sustainable development of communities - Indicators for city services and quality of life

(2014-05)


Clarify and add territorial scale Check data availability in pilot phase


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MANDATORY

D 2.19 Occupation by gender

1. Intent

To end all forms of discrimination against women and girls. To provide equal access to education and work.

To ensure women’s equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic

and public life. To adopt and strengthen sound policies and legislation to promote gender equality.


2.1 Description

In 2015 64,3 per cent of women and 75,9 of men between 20 and 64 years were employed in the European

Union (Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, 2017). These figures show that the gender gap concerning

employment still exists and access to the labor market is not equal. The indicator on women’s representation

in national parliaments even shows bigger inequalities. While women make up more than half of the EU

population and electorate, they are still underrepresented in decision-making positions at all levels. Women

only hold 29 % of seats in national parliaments in the EU (European Institute for Gender Equality, 2017)

(Eurostat, 2016).

Equal participation by women and men in decision-making is a matter of justice, respect for human rights and

good governance (Council of the European Union, 2015). It is needed to better reflect the composition of

society, to strengthen democracy and allow it to function properly (Council of the European Union, 2015).

Another form of discrimination of women on the labor market is shown by the gender pay gap. In the

European Union the gender pay gap was 16,1 per cent in 2014.

This indicator is assessed by means of a quantitative method. The percentage of employed women in

comparison to the total number of employed persons is determined mathematically. The higher the

percentage of employed women, the more credits can be awarded.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Total number of employed persons - Employment office Number of employed women - Employment office


The percentage of employed women shall be calculated as the number of employed women in the territory

(numerator) divided by the total number of employed persons in the territory (denominator). The result

shall then be multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage.

Percentage of employed women [%] = Number of employed women

Total number of employed persons * 100


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2.4 Benchmarks




Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (2017): Frauen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt der EU. Available at

http://www.bpb.de/politik/hintergrund-aktuell/202187/weltfrauentrag (25.10.2017)

Council of the European Union (2015): Council Conclusions – Equality between women and men in the field

of decision-making. Available at http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/12/07-

epsco-council-conclusions-on-equality-women-men-decision-making/ (25.10.2017)

European Institute for Gender Equality (2017): Women and men in decision making. Available at

http://eige.europa.eu/gender-statistics/dgs/browse/wmidm (25.10.2017)




4c83-b16f-c72b0779ad03 (22.08.2017)


Clarify and add territorial scale If there are is an imbalance between the share of men and women among the inhabitants: is the

result of the indicator still significant?


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MANDATORY

D 2.20 Gross income

1. Intent:

To increase income for inhabitants. To combat social, economic and political disparities. To promote

economic inclusion of all people regardless of their sex, age and ethnicity.


2.1 Description

Combating social, economic and political disparities by promoting economic inclusion of all people regardless

of their sex, age and ethnicity is one of the European Union’s Sustainable Development Goals (Eurostat,

2016). Calculating the real adjusted gross disposable income per capita is an important measure for

monitoring this goal by assessing differences in income and living standards across different countries and

regions. It provides a broad picture of household income by accounting for taxes and social contributions and

monetary and in-kind social benefits. For the calculation sources of primary income, income resulting from

gross operating surplus, mixed income, employment income, net income from capital and redistribution

(through current taxes, social benefits, social contributions, other net transfers) are taken into account.

This indicator is assessed by means of a quantitative method. The real adjusted gross disposable income per

capita in the territory in Euros is determined mathematically. The higher the average gross disposable

income, the more credits can be awarded.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Total gross disposable income of the territory € Tax office Territory’s total population inh. Population statistics


The real adjusted gross disposable income per capita shall be calculated as the total gross disposable income

(numerator) divided by the territory’s total population (denominator).

Gross disposable income per capita [€/inh.] = Total gross disposable income [€]

Territory's total population [inh.]

2.4 Benchmarks




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4c83-b16f-c72b0779ad03 (22.08.2017)

Regione Lombardia (2016): Annuario Statistico regionale Lombardia - Regional Statistics Annual Report

Lombardia. Available at http://www.asr-lombardia.it/RSY (13.11.2017)


Clarify and add territorial scale Decide whether PPS or Euro is better suited as unit


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RECOMMENDED

Employment rate (15-64 years old)

1. Intent:

To increase the employment rate among the working-age population and monitor the economic growth of the

territory


2.1 Description

The unemployment rate is considered as one of the single, most informative labor market indicators

reflecting the general performance of the labor market and the health of the economy as a whole. It is used to

measure a territory’s unutilized labor supply and track business cycles. When economic growth is strong,

unemployment rates tend to be low and when the economy is stagnating or in recession, unemployment rates

tend to be higher.

The term unemployment shall refer to individuals without work, actively seeking work in a recent past

period (past four weeks) and currently available for work. Persons who did not look for work but have a

future labor market stake (arrangements for a future job start) are also counted as unemployed

(International Labor Organization). Discouraged workers or hidden unemployment shall refer to persons

who are not actively seeking work because of poor prospects of finding a job, restricted labor mobility,

and/or structural, social and cultural barriers. Those people are not counted as unemployed or as part of the

labor force. People who have not taken active steps to seek work (i.e. job searches, interviews, informational

meetings etc.) during a specified recent period (usually the past four weeks), are seen as not actively seeking

work.

The term Labor Force shall refer to the total sum of persons employed and unemployed who are legally

eligible to work (ISO 37120: 2014-05).


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Number of unemployed inhabitants inh. Municipal bodies and public services Total labor force inh. Municipal bodies and public services


The territory’s unemployment rate shall be calculated as the number of unemployed inhabitants (numerator)

divided by the total labor force (denominator). The result shall be multiplied by 100 and expressed as a

percentage.

Territory’s unemployment rate [%] = Number of Unemployed Inhabitants [inh.]

Total labor force [inh.] * 100


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2.4 Benchmarks





(2014-05)



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RECOMMENDED

D 2.29 Design for all

1. Intent:

To increase the number of accessible public space including buildings as well as parks and squares.


2.1 Description

Many existing public buildings or even new buildings lack barrier-free access. However, there are buildings

regulations and initiatives to change design practices so that new public buildings and home incorporate

basic access features such as zero-step entries and door widths adequate for wheelchairs to pass through.

Due to an obsolescence of the society accessible public buildings are very important for a future urban

environment.

Accessibility modifications to conventional urban environments have become common in recent decades. The

use of special designed street features like curb cut, or kassel kerb, to enable wheelchair or walker movement

between sidewalk and street level is found in most major cities of wealthy countries. The creation of priority

parking spaces and the availability of parking permits for people with disabilities have made them a standard

feature of urban environments. Features that assist people with visual impairments include braille signs and

tactile paving to allow the user identify stairways, train platforms, and similar areas easily with a cane.

The calculation is following ISO 21542:2011-12: Building construction - Accessibility and usability of the built

environment, which sets an international standard to define how the built environment should be designed,

constructed and managed to enable people to approach, enter, use and leave a building independently in an

equitable and dignified manner. It defines for example the required characteristics for circulation space,

evacuation lifts, ramps and stairs and clear spans between walls, doors and furniture (ISO 21542: 2011-12).


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Total number of public buildings - Municipality Number of public buildings following ISO 21542:2011 - Municipality


The percentage of barrier-free public space is calculated by the number of public buildings following the ISO

21542:2011 (numerator) divided by the total number of buildings (denominator).

Percentage of barrier-free public buildings [%] = Number of public buildings ISO 21542

Total number of public buildings


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2.4 Benchmarks




ISO 21542:2011-12: Building construction - Accessibility and usability of the built environment (2011-12)

Sozialhelden e.V. (2017): Wheel map. Available at https://wheelmap.org/map#/?zoom=10 (13.07.2017)


https://wheelmap.org/map#/?zoom=10


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RECOMMENDED

E 1.17 Assessed sustainable standard

1. Intent:

To foster the design and construction of sustainable buildings considering ecological, economic and social

aspects. To encourage the design, construction and retrofit of buildings that utilizes green building practices.

To increase the value of buildings in the long run. To foster client information.


2.1 Description

In the building sector different sustainability assessment methods emerged over the past twenty years. While

first-generation assessment methods attribute priority to evaluating the environmental and energy-efficiency

aspects (like BREEAM, LEED or CASBEE), second-generation methods consider the overall performance of

buildings including ecologic, economic, socio-cultural and technical aspects or aspects related to site and

process quality (like DGNB, BNB). Nowadays, more than a hundred labels for the assessment of buildings

exist in Europe.

Sustainability assessment of buildings creates added value for all stakeholders. As assessment systems

consider the whole life cycle of buildings, the costs and the ecological impact can be minimized consistently

over the whole life cycle including construction, utilization, maintenance, restoration and dismantling. In the

course of sustainability assessments the building is documented in detail which increases the market value

resale value. Added value for building users can for example result in in better well-being and health through

the selection of low-emission construction products and ambient air measurements.

This indicator is assessed by means of a quantitative method. The percentage of buildings assessed according

to a sustainability assessment system is determined mathematically. The quality of the sustainability

assessment system has to be assured through independent audits. The higher the percentage of assessed

buildings, the more credits can be awarded.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Total number of buildings - Building authority Number of assessed buildings - Building authority


The percentage of assessed buildings according to a sustainability assessment system shall be calculated as

the number of assessed buildings (numerator) divided by the total number of buildings (denominator) in the

territory. The result shall then be multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage.

Percentage of assessed buildings [%] = Number of assessed buildings

Total number of buildings * 100

2.4 Benchmarks


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Building Research Establishment (BRE) (2017): BREEAM. Available at http://www.breeam.com/

(04.12.2017)

Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit (BMUB) (2013): Bewertungssystem

Nachhaltiges Bauen (BNB). Available at https://www.bnb-nachhaltigesbauen.de/ (04.12.2017)

Céquami (2017): HQE Céquami. Available at http://cequami.fr/ (04.12.2017)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB) (2017): DGNB System. Available at http://www.dgnb-

system.de/de/ (04.12.2017)

Instituto per l’innovazione e transparenza degli appalti e la compatibilità ambientale (ITACA) (2017): Area 2

– Sostenibilita‘ energetica e ambientale. Available at http://www.itaca.org/valutazione_sostenibilita.asp

(04.12.2017)


Updated October 2013. GIB Credit 1: Certified Green Buildings


Clarify and add territorial scale Check data availability for number of certified buildings in pilot phase


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RECOMMENDED

E 3.16 Sustainable tourism

1. Intent:

To improve the sustainable management of touristic destinations. To measure sustainability management

processes in the touristic sector. To monitor the performance and progress over time


2.1 Description

Tourism is one of the world’s fastest growing industries and is a major source of income for many regions.

Being a people-oriented industry, tourism also provides many jobs which have helped revitalize local

economies. However, like other forms of development, tourism can also cause problems, such as social

dislocation, loss of cultural heritage, economic dependence and ecological degradation. For a sustainable

tourism, tourism that respects local population, travelers, cultural heritage and environment is needed.


Information/Attribute Unit Data source Number of tourism enterprises/establishments using a voluntary certification/labelling for environmental/sustainability quality and/or corporate social responsibility

- Tourist office

Total number of tourism enterprises/ establishments - Tourist office


The percentage of sustainable tourism enterprises/establishments shall be calculated as the number of

tourism enterprises/establishments using certification or labelling (numerator) divided by the total number

of tourism enterprises/establishments (denominator). The result shall then be multiplied by 100 and

expressed as a percentage

Percentage of sustainable tourism enterprises [%] = Number of tourism enterprises using certification

Total number of tourism enterprises∗ 100

2.4 Benchmarks




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European Commission (2017): The European Tourism Indicator System. Available at

http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/21749/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/native

(13.07.2017)


http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/21749/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/native


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MANDATORY

E 4.2 Organic farming

1. Intent

To promote sustainable food production systems. To ensure that natural resources upon which the

agricultural economy depends are treated cautiously and to ensure food security at the same time. To

preserve soil life and its natural fertility. To promote biological diversity. To cultivate crops without genetic

engineering.


2.1 Description

Having a high share of area under organic farming is an important contribution to sustainable agriculture. It

helps protect natural resources and biodiversity by prohibiting the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers,

growth hormones, antibiotics and genetically modified organisms. Compared with conventional farming, it

enhances soil health and natural fertility and reduces indirect use of energy and water. In 2015 organic

farming made up 6,2 per cent of the EU’s agricultural land (Eurostat, 2016).

This indicator is assessed by means of a quantitative method. The percentage of cultivation area under

organic farming is determined mathematically. The higher the percentage of area under organic farming, the



Information/Attribute Unit Data source Total cultivation area km² Agricultural office, municipalities Cultivation area under organic farming km² Agricultural office, municipalities


The percentage of cultivation area under organic farming shall be calculated as the cultivation area under

organic farming (numerator) divided by the total cultivation area in the territory (denominator). The result

shall then be multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage.

Percentage of area under organic farming [%] = Cultivation area under organic farming [𝑘m2]

Total cultivation area [km2] * 100

2.4 Benchmarks




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(13.07.2017)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für nachhaltiges Bauen e.V. (DGNB) (2012): Neubau Stadtquartiere. DGNB Handbuch

für nachhaltiges Bauen. Version 2012. DGNB Kriterium ENV2.5 Lokale Nahrungsmittelproduktion


the UN sustainable development goals. 2016 edition. Luxembourg



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