Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt...
Transcript of Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt...
![Page 1: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake
Kevin D. Perry1,
Joel R. Lisonbee2, and Eric R. Pardyjak3
1Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah 2Darwin Climate Service Center, Australian Bureau of Meteorology
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah
October 10, 2013
![Page 2: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
• Goals and Objectives
• AMNet Site Description
• Annual, Seasonal, and Diurnal Mercury Variations
• Dry Deposition Model Description
• Dry Deposition Estimates
• Conclusions
![Page 3: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Objectives (2009-2012)
1) Characterize the annual, seasonal, and daily variations of
speciated atmospheric mercury concentrations near the
Great Salt Lake
2) Determine whether the UT96 site is representative of
urban, rural or mixed conditions for atmospheric Hg
3) Use data from the UT96 site to estimate the dry
deposition of Hg to the Great Salt Lake
![Page 4: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
AMNet Sites
![Page 5: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
UT96 Site Location
5
![Page 6: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Meteorological Wind Rose
Afternoon Lake Breeze
Nighttime Land
Breeze
![Page 7: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Instrumentation
• Tekran Mercury Monitoring System
• Micrometeorological Measurement System
• 8-Stage Rotating Drum Impactor
![Page 8: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Speciated Mercury and PM Measurements
8
8-Stage Drum
![Page 9: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Campbell Scientific Inc. CSAT 3D Sonic Anemometer
• 7.44 m height
• 10 Hz measurements
– 3D wind
– Temperature
• CR 1000 datalogger
9
![Page 10: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Annual Statistics (July 1, 2009- June 30, 2012)
GEM (ng m-3)
GOM (pg m-3)
PBM (pg m-3)
Mean 1.63 ± 0.57 7.4 ± 14.4 10.0 ± 18.2
Median 1.59 5.8 2.6
Minimum <0.4 0.0 0.0
Maximum 64.5 225.6 803.2
![Page 11: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
GEM Seasonal Variations (July 1, 2009- June 30, 2012)
![Page 12: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
GOM Seasonal Variations (July 1, 2009- June 30, 2012)
![Page 13: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PBM Seasonal Variations (July 1, 2009- June 30, 2012)
![Page 14: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
GEM GOM PBM
Winter 99.3% 0.1% 0.6%
Spring 99.5% 0.2% 0.3%
Fall 99.3% 0.4% 0.3%
Summer 99.4% 0.2% 0.4%
GEM Seasonal Variations (July 1, 2009- June 30, 2012)
![Page 15: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Diurnal GEM Cycles
Afternoon minimum
could result from:
1) Higher deposition
velocities during
afternoon
2) Chemical
transformation of
GEM to GOM
and/or PBM
3) Dilution of GEM
through entrainment
of free-tropospheric
air
![Page 16: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Diurnal GOM Cycles
Afternoon maximum
could result from:
1) Chemical
transformation of
GEM to GOM
2) Entrainment of air
from the free-
troposphere
![Page 17: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Diurnal PBM Cycles
Afternoon minimum
could result from:
1) Higher deposition
velocities during
afternoon
2) Conversion of PBM
to GOM and/or
GEM
3) Dilution of PBM
through entrainment
of free-tropospheric
air
![Page 18: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mercury Deposition
Estimated
Particulate
Mercury Size
Distribution
Hg Wet
Deposition
(UTAH DEQ)
Speciated Mercury
(GEM, GOM, PBM)
Micro-Met
Tower
Inferential Model of
Dry Deposition for
GEM and GOM
Inferential Model of
Dry Deposition for
PBM
Dry Wet
![Page 19: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Hg Dry Deposition Flux (FHg)
HgdHg CVF
19
Vd = deposition velocity
CHg = speciated mercury concentration
![Page 20: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
s
sbacba
d VVRRRRR
V
1
Resistance Model for Vd
Ra = aerodynamic resistance
Rb = boundary layer resistance
Rc = surface layer resistance
Vs = settling velocity (for particles only)
![Page 21: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Aerodynamic Resistance (Ra)
)1(
)1(2ln
Pr
lnPr
7.4lnPr
0
0
1
*
0
1
*
0
0
1
*
z
z
u
z
z
u
z
z
u
Ra
(stable)
(neutral)
(unstable)
Lz0
0
91
00 91
![Page 23: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3/2
* Pr
2
Sc
uRb
Boundary Layer Resistance (Rb)
Gases
![Page 24: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Boundary Layer Resistance (Rb)
Particles
Impaction with the
surface.
Function of
Stokes Number
fraction of
particles
that stick @
GSL R1=1
Interception by surface
elements @ GSL
EIN = 0
13
1
REEER
INIMB
b
![Page 25: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Surface Layer Resistance (Rc)
KL = liquid-phase mass transport coefficient
KG = gas-phase mass transport coefficient
HA = Dimensionless Henry’s Law coefficient
GAL
CKHK
R11
![Page 26: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Monthly-Averaged Dry Deposition Velocities
26
![Page 27: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
GEM Flux (F=-VdCHg)
27
![Page 28: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Flux Comparison
28
![Page 29: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Dry Deposition Totals (µg m-2 yr-1)
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
GEM
8.8
9.9
10.7
GOM
0.5
0.5
0.4
PBM
0.2
0.2
0.3
Total
9.5
10.6
11.4
29
![Page 30: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Mercury Influx Pathways
• Dry Deposition
– 10.5 µg m-2 yr-1
• Wet Deposition (MDN – UT DEQ)
– 8.1 µg m-2 yr-1
• Riverine influx (Naftz et al. 2009)
– 1.9 µg m-2 yr-1
• Coarse PBM (Carling et al. 2012)
– 3 µg m-2 yr-1
• Total
– 23.5 µg m-2 yr-1
30
![Page 31: Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lakenadp.slh.wisc.edu/conf/2013/Session5/perry.pdf · Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury to the Great Salt Lake Kevin D.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011901/5f0932577e708231d425af51/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Conclusions • The UT96 site is a mixed rural/urban receptor site
• The UT06 site is periodically impacted by SIGNIFICANT
local sources
• Dry deposition is the dominant influx pathway for
mercury to the Great Salt Lake accounting for 45% of the
total Hg input
• Wet deposition is responsible for 34% of the total Hg
input
• Riverine input is responsible for 8% of the total Hg input
• Coarse PBM could contribute more than 10% of the total
Hg input