DRUGS (outside you) vs. TOXICOLOGY (inside you). Importance to Forensic Science 75% of evidence...
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Transcript of DRUGS (outside you) vs. TOXICOLOGY (inside you). Importance to Forensic Science 75% of evidence...
![Page 1: DRUGS (outside you) vs. TOXICOLOGY (inside you). Importance to Forensic Science 75% of evidence being examined in forensic laboratories is drug-related.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94bffe28/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DRUGS (outside you)
vs. TOXICOLOGY
(inside you)
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Importance to Forensic Science
• 75% of evidence being examined in forensic laboratories is drug-related.
Evidence from a drug bust in Hawaii, 6-26-06
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Costs
To Society• $110 billion/year• Drug-related
violence and crime– 75% of males
arrested in NY tested positive for drugs
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Costs
To Families• Violence and abuse
– 1/4 -1/2 domestic violence is drug related
– 81% of child abuse or neglect is drug related
• 3.2% of pregnant women use drug regularly
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Costs to the BodyMeth as an example
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Faces of Meth
To the individual
Multnahoma Sheriff’s Office
http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/MethResources/faces/index.html
Costs
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What is a “drug”
• Natural or synthetic
• Affect psychology or physiology
• Most produced legitimately for Rx
• If taken just for pleasure = “illicit drug” or “drugs of abuse”
• If taken in excess causing illness or death = poison
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Drugs that are restricted by law = “Controlled Substances”
Controlled Substances Act of 1970 Lists illegal drugs, their category and
their penalty for possession, sale or use.
• Five categories of controlled drugs
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Controlled Substances Categories Schedule I— high potential for abuse; no currently acceptable
medical use in the US; a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision
Schedule II— high potential for abuse; a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions; abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence
Schedule III— lower potential for abuse than the drugs in I or II; a currently accepted medical use in the US; abuse may lead to moderate physical dependence or high psychological dependence
Schedule IV— low potential for abuse relative to drugs in III; a currently accepted medical use in the US; abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence relative to drugs in III
Schedule V— low potential for abuse relative to drugs in IV; currently accepted medical use in the US; abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence relative to drugs in IV
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule I — Heroin
White
Off-White
Brown
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule I - LSD
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule I - marijuana
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule II—cocaine
Cocaine in powder form
Crack cocaine
Cocoa leaves
Crack and powder
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule II - morphine
Various Forms
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule II - amphetamines (including methamphetamines)
Amphetamines
Methamphetamines
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule II - PCP
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule II - Ritalin
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule III—intermediate acting barbiturates
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule III - anabolic steroids
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule III - ketamine
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule IV—other stimulants and depressants including Valium, Xanan, Librium
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule IV - phenobarbital
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule IV - Darvon
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Controlled Substances Examples
Schedule V—codeine found in low doses in cough medicines
Cough syrup with DMX
DXM is a synthetically produced substance that is chemically related to codeine, though it is not an opiate.
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Classification- based on pharmacological effects
Hallucinogens
Mostly naturally occurring
Marijuana most widely used – decreases ability to concentrate, slows reactions, impairs coordination.
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Classification- based on pharmacological effects
Hallucinogens
LSD – from fungus Ergot- extremely dangerous. Causes psychosis, falshbacks, impaired memory & attention span. Possible teratogen.
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Classification- based on pharmacological effects
Hallucinogens
MDMA – Or “ectasy” (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is synthetic. Causes stimulation and hallucinations, confusion, depression, addiction, severe anxiety, paranoia – sometimes even weeks after taking. Long term brain damage.
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Classification- based on pharmacological effects
Hallucinogens
Ketamine - (“Special K”) – legitimately used as an animal tranquilizer. A powerful hullucinogen. Causes delerum, amnisia, depression, and long-term memory difficulties.
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Classification- based on pharmacological effects
StimulantsAct on CNS and increases
energy level while decreasing appetite and fatigue. Problems: increases anxiety, restlessness, and causes depression after it wears off.
Caffeine to amphetamines and methamphetamines.
Coacine – from leaf of cocoa plant. Used to be snorted as powder, now recrystalized “crack”. Highly addictive, causes anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, paranoia, mental deterioration.
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Classification- based on pharmacological effects
Narcotics Analgesics (pain
relievers) Legal OTCs like aspirin Illegal ones come from
opium from poppy flower 4-21% morphine from
which heroin is made highly addictive. Overdoses cause death
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Classification- based on pharmacological effects
Depressants Alcohol
$40 billion industry in USA Not a controlled substance
Barbiturates (“downers”) Highly addictive Withdrawal is dangerous Small dose Rx used to
reduce anxiety and help sleep Quaaludes
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More Pretty Meth Pictures
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More Pretty Meth Pictures
![Page 34: DRUGS (outside you) vs. TOXICOLOGY (inside you). Importance to Forensic Science 75% of evidence being examined in forensic laboratories is drug-related.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94bffe28/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
More Pretty Meth Pictures
![Page 35: DRUGS (outside you) vs. TOXICOLOGY (inside you). Importance to Forensic Science 75% of evidence being examined in forensic laboratories is drug-related.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94bffe28/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
More Pretty Meth Pictures
![Page 36: DRUGS (outside you) vs. TOXICOLOGY (inside you). Importance to Forensic Science 75% of evidence being examined in forensic laboratories is drug-related.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94bffe28/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
More Pretty Meth Pictures
![Page 37: DRUGS (outside you) vs. TOXICOLOGY (inside you). Importance to Forensic Science 75% of evidence being examined in forensic laboratories is drug-related.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649ef05503460f94bffe28/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
More Pretty Meth Pictures
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Drug Analysis
Microscopic crystaline structure
Spot Tests (use chemical indicators = presumptive precipitation test OR presumptive color test)
TLC (Thin layer chromatography)
Spectroscopy (tell by light wave absorbance)
Liquid chromatography (send liquid thorough a solid phase and see what comes out first, second, etc.)
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (separate in gaseous phase, then identify by mass)
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The End…of ?????