DrugMake-UpMost Common Intake Methods EffectsDuration of Effects Withdrawal Symptoms...
-
Upload
chrystal-lambert -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
1
Transcript of DrugMake-UpMost Common Intake Methods EffectsDuration of Effects Withdrawal Symptoms...
AFTER THE INITIAL AND SEVERE WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS, THERE IS THE SECOND PHASE OF WITHDRAWAL THAT LASTS FOR 1+ MONTHS. ALL SECOND PHASE WITHDRAWALS INCLUDE
DEPRESSION AS A SYMPTOM.
Drug Make-Up Most Common Intake Methods
Effects Duration of Effects
Withdrawal Symptoms
Cigarettes
Tobacco; nicotine
Smoke; ingest (chew tobacco)
Calming, soothing, dizzying, alertness
Duration of cigarette
3-7 days: irritability, insomnia, headaches
PCP Chemicals made to use paint, motor oil, and ammonia, also contains cyanide
Insufflate; smoke (liquid)
Dissociation, euphoria, hallucinations
6 hours Weeks: seizures, irritability, hallucination, acidosis, and muscle breakdown. Months: memory loss
Marijuana
Cannabis Smoke; ingest (edibles)
Relaxation, euphoria, impaired motor skills and short-term memory
2-3 hours 3-7 days: irritability, insomnia, headaches
Drug Make-Up Intake Method
Effects Duration of Effects
Withdrawal Symptoms
Methamphetamine
Ephedrine, lithium, neurotoxins
Inject; snort; smoke
Increased sexual desire, euphoria, energy
2-6 hours
1st day: vomiting, severe flu-like symptoms 3-4 weeks: inactivity, sleepiness, anxiety
LSD fungus Orally (blotter paper, sugar cube)
Hallucination, synesthesia, anxiety, paranoia
6-8 hours
N/A
Alcohol Ethanol Ingest Drowsy, calms, disinhibits. Impairs coordination, reasoning, speech, reaction time
1+ hours after drinking
Few days to few weeks: tremors, seizures, hallucination, irritability
Drug Make-Up
Intake Method
Effects Duration of Effects
Withdrawal Symptoms
MDMA Safrole or camphor oil (both carcinogens)
Ingest; snort
Sense of intimacy and euphoria, reduces anxiety, distorts perception
3-6 hours
1-3 Days: panic attacks, insomnia, anxiety, depression, irritability, psychosis, paranoid delusions
Cocaine
Coca Insufflate; smoke (crack); inject
euphoria, alertness, restlessness, anxiety, paranoia, tremors
High: 7 seconds
Weeks: irritability, restlessness,anhedonia,vivid and unpleasant dreams
Heroin Opium Inject; smoke; insufflate; suppository
Euphoria, calm, alternately alert and drowsy
2-8 hours
anxiety, insomnia, severe flu-like symptoms, vomiting, spasms, and potentially death
Agonists vs. Antagonists Agonist-a chemical that fully activates
the neuronal receptor that it attaches to to produce a biological response Cocaine
Antagonist-a chemical that attaches to a receptor but does not activate it and blocks, or reverses, an agonist
Agonist-Antagonist-Does both. Opiates
Drugs are….
Agonists: Mimic Reuptake inhibitors
Antagonists: Blocks Reuptake inhibitors
Agonist-Antagonists: Does Both Opioids like Suboxone
(synthetic opiates that are used to help heroin addicts wean off)
Agonists Acetylcholine-Excitatory-Nicotine and black
widow venom Dopamine-Inhibitory-Cocaine and nicotine Endorphins-Inhibitory-Opiates GABA-Inhibitory-Valium, barbiturates, and
sleeping pills Glutamate-Antihistamines Serotonin-Inhibitory-LSD and ecstasy Norepinephrine-Excitatory-Caffeine, cocaine,
and amphetamines
Antagonists Acetylcholine-Pesticides and nerve gas Dopamine-Haloperidol (used to treat cocaine or
meth overdose), Antipsychotics (e.g., Seroquel), anti-anxiety and antidepressants.
Endorphins-Naloxone (used to treat overdose from opiates)
GABA-Antihistamines and drugs used to treat depressant overdose
Glutamate-Alcohol Serotonin-SSRIs (e.g., sertraline, fluoxetine),
antipsychotics, anti-anxiety and antidepressants. Norepinephrine-Lithium and other mood-stabilizers,
antidepressants (e.g., Mirtazapine
Drug Tolerance
Tolerance Decrease in effect of a drug with repeated use…
Reduction, or neuroadaptation, in the body’s response to a drug
After repeatedexposure, moredrug is needed to produce same effect
Drug dose
Drug effect
Response tofirst exposure
Physical & Psychological Dependence
Physical Dependence: Addiction based on drug tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, develops when changes in brain chemistry from taking the drug necessitate taking the drug again to prevent withdrawal symptoms. Drug Tolerance: Reduction in
body’s response to a drug
Withdrawal Symptoms: Physical illness following withdrawal of the drug
Psychological Dependence: Drug dependence based on psychological or emotional needs; develops when the person has an intense desire to achieve the drugged state in spite of adverse effects.
Caffeine Causes hand tremors,
sweating, talkativeness, tinnitus, suppresses fatigue or sleepiness, increases alertness
Increases risk of breast cysts, bladder cancer, heart problems, and high blood pressure.
In pregnant women, increases risk of having a child with birth defects or having a miscarriage.
Withdrawal: Insomnia, irritability, loss of appetite, chills, racing heart, elevated body temperature
Depressants Tranquilizers/Benzodiazepines : Lower
anxiety & tension; sedates; prolonged or excessive use impairs memory Valium (Diazepam), Xanax (Alprazolam),
Halcion (Triazolam), Klonopin (Clonazepam)
GHB: depressant that relaxes and sedates; combination of degreasing solvent and drain cleaner
Alcohol: NOT a stimulant but DOES lower inhibitions
Depressant-impacts glutamate, serotonin and dopamine
Binge Drinking: Five or more drinks in a short time; Serious sign of alcohol abuse
Alcohol More than 86 billion
dollars are spent annually on alcoholic beverages.
Alcohol is involved in 60% of ALL crimes.
Alcohol is involved in over 70% of sexually related crimes.
Is it worth the cost?
Depressants
Some Health Risks of Using Marijuana Causes precancerous changes in lung cells. Suppresses immune system, perhaps increasing
risk of disease. Activity levels in the cerebellum are lower than
normal in pot users. Pot may damage some of the brain’s memory
centers. Temporarily lowers sperm count
DepressantsOpiates Heroin and
morphine Oxycodone and
hydrocodone Addition comes
fast and the withdrawal symptoms can be fatal
Cocaine Cocaine achieves its effect through
the chemical messengers dopamine and noradrenaline.
Processed into crack—less pure “cut” or “stepped on”
Treatment for Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Detoxification: Withdrawal of the
person from alcohol; occurs in a medical setting and is tightly controlled; often necessary before long-term treatment begins
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA): Worldwide self-help organization composed of recovering alcoholics; emphasizes admitting powerlessness over alcohol usage and wanting to recover.
Narcotics Anonymous (AA): Worldwide self-help organization composed of recovering drug addicts; emphasizes admitting powerlessness over drugs usage and wanting to recover.