Drug Abuse Trends in the State of California Presented to: CA Association for Criminal Justice...

Drug Abuse Trends in the State of California

Presented to:CA Association for Criminal Justice

Research

March 17, 2005Presented by: Kiku Annon, MA, WestEd

Prepared by: Beth Finnerty, MPH, UCLA ISAP

Drug Use in the General CA Population

State and National Estimates from the National Survey on

Drug Use & Health

Past Month (Any) Illicit Drug Use Among Persons Aged 12 and Older: 2002-2003

NSDUH

9.0%

U.S. Average 8.3%

SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.

Past Month Illicit Drug Use (other than Marijuana) Among Persons Aged 12 and Older:

2002-2003 NSDUH


U.S. Average 3.7%

3.9%

Past Month Marijuana Use Among Persons Aged 12 and Older: 2002-2003

NSDUH

6.5%

U.S. Average 6.2%


Past Year Cocaine Use Among Persons Aged 12 and Older: 2002-2003 NSDUH

2.5%

U.S. Average 2.5%


Rates of Any Past Year Illicit Drug Dependence/Abuse: CA vs.

US

0123456789

Perc

ent

of

Resp

ondents

Total (12years and

older)

12-17 yearsold

18-25 yearsold

26 andolder

U.S.CA


Percent of NSDUH Respondents Who Needed Treatment for Illicit Drugs But Did Not Receive It: CA

vs. US

0123456789

Perc

ent

of

Resp

ondents

Total (12years and

older)

12-17 yearsold

18-25 yearsold

26 andolder

U.S.CA


Drug Availability, Purity, and Price Information

National Drug Intelligence Center, ONDCP Drug Policy Information Clearinghouse

Cocaine/Crack in California

• Powder and crack cocaine supplied and distributed by Mexican drug trafficking organizations

• Purity levels for powder cocaine range from 15-95%

• $60-80/g (retail powder price range)• $10-80/rock (retail crack price range)

Heroin in California

• Mexican drug trafficking organizations are primary wholesale and retail suppliers and distributors of Mexican black tar and brown powder heroin

• Purity levels vary throughout CA, ranging from 10-68%

• $50-100/g (retail Mexican black tar price range)

• $60-100/g (retail Mexican brown powder price range)

Marijuana in California

• Most widely available and most commonly used illicit drug in CA

• CA-produced marijuana is preferred because it is readily available and has high THC content (10-20% vs. 2-5% Mexican-produced)

• $60-160/oz (mid-level Mexican marijuana)

• $200-250/oz (mid-level CA-produced marijuana)

Methamphetamine in California

• Mexican and CA-produced meth are both readily available throughout CA

• Low-grade purity ranges from 18-40%; crystal meth purity ranges from 93-98%

• $450-800/oz (mid-level low-grade price range)

• $600-1,500/oz (mid-level crystal meth price range)

Drugs and Health-Related Consequences

Emergency Department Drug Mentions

Drug-Related Deaths

Regional Differences in Rates* of ED Mentions of Major Substances

of Abuse

0 50 100 150 200

Cocaine

Heroin

Marijuana

Methamphetamine

San Diego Los Angeles San Francisco

SOURCE: Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2003.

2002

*Rate per 100,000 population

Top 5 Drugs Mentioned in California Drug Deaths

050

100150200250300350400450500

Los Angeles San Diego San Francisco

Num

ber

of M

enti

ons

Heroin/Morphine Cocaine Alcohol-in-Combo Codeine Methamphetamine

SOURCE: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, DAWN, 2002.

Year 2000

Drugs and Crime

Felony and Misdemeanor Arrests

CA Dept. of Corrections Offenders

Drug Use Among Arrestees

Adult Felony Drug Arrests by Drug Category, California: 2003

36%

54%

8% 2%

NarcoticsDangerous DrugsMarijuanaOther

SOURCE: California Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Statistics Center, 2003.

Adult Misdemeanor Drug Arrests by Drug Category, California: 1994-

2003

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000

100,000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Num

ber

of Arr

est

s

Marijuana Other Drugs

SOURCE: California Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Statistics Center, 2003.

Offenders in CDC Institutions, by Offense: as

of 12/31/03

Offense # of Offenders

% of Total

Crimes against persons

78,279 50.3%

Property 32,658 21.0

Drug 33,252 21.4

Missing/Other

11,533 7.4

Total 155,722 100.0SOURCE: CA Department of Corrections, Prison Census Data as of December 31, 2003.

Drug Offenders in CDC Institutions: as of 12/31/03

Drug Offense # of Offenders

% of Total

CS possession 13,061 8.4%

CS possession for sales

10,943 7.0

CS sales 4,858 3.1

CS other 784 0.5

Marijuana possess/sales

1,250 3.8

Total drug offenders

33,252 21.4

SOURCE: CA Department of Corrections, Prison Census Data as of December 31, 2003.

Federally-Sentenced Drug Offenders, California: FY

2002

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

FY 2002

Other (4%)

Crack (2%)

Heroin (3%)

Cocaine (13%)

Meth (19%)

Marijuana (58%)

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, FY 2002 Sentencing Statistics, California.

Percentage of Male Arrestees Testing Positive for Drugs, By California City:

2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

% T

est

ing P

osi

tive

Cocaine Opiates Marijuana Meth

Los Angeles Sacramento San Diego San Jose

SOURCE: NIJ, Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program, 2004.

Heavy Drug Use and Risk for Dependence Among Male Arrestees, By

California City: 2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

% o

f M

ale

Arr

est

ees

Heavy Use Injected Drugs inPast Year

At Risk for DrugDependence

Los Angeles Sacramento San Diego San Jose


Percentage of Female Arrestees Testing Positive for Drugs, By

California City: 2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

% T

est

ing P

osi

tive

Cocaine Opiates Marijuana Meth

Los Angeles San Diego San Jose


Heavy Drug Use and Risk for Dependence among Female Arrestees, By California City:

2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

% o

f Fem

ale

Arr

est

ees

Heavy Use Injected Drugs inPast Year

At Risk for DrugDependence

Los Angeles San Diego San Jose


Drugs and the CA Treatment and Recovery

System

California Alcohol and Drug Data System (CADDS)

Polysubstance Abuse is the Norm, Rather than the

Exception

59%

41%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Perc

ent of All A

dm

issi

ons Single Substance

Polysubstance

SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.

California Treatment Admissions by Primary Drug of Abuse: 2003

20%

22%

13%

4%

30%

11%

HeroinAlcoholMethCocaine/ CrackMarijuanaOther

N=242,600


California Treatment Admissions by Primary Drug of Abuse (Excluding

Alcohol): 2003

31%

14%

4%

36%

15%

HeroinMethCocaine/ CrackMarijuanaOther

N=190,539


Trends in CA Treatment Admissions (Excluding Alcohol):

2000 - 2003

05

101520253035404550

2000 2001 2002 2003

Perc

ent

of A

ll A

dm

issi

ons

Heroin Meth Marijuana Cocaine


Primary Drug by Route of Administration: CA, 2003

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Heroin Meth Cocaine Marijuana

Perc

ent

of All A

dm

issi

ons

OtherInjectInhaleSmoke


Changes in Route of Methamphetamine Administration:

CA, 2000-2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2000 2001 2002 2003

Perc

ent

of M

eth

Adm

issi

ons

SmokeInhaleInjectOther


Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Abuse of Selected Substances: CA,

2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Alcohol Cocaine/Crack Heroin Marijuana Meth

Perc

ent

of All A

dm

issi

ons

Primary Abuse Secondary Abuse Tertiary Abuse


Number of Prior Episodes Among California Treatment Admissions:

2003

0102030405060708090

100

Cocaine/Crack Heroin Marijuana Meth

Perc

ent

of All

Adm

issi

ons

0 1 or 2 3 to 5 6+


CJ-Related Referral Sources Among CA Treatment

Admissions: 2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Perc

ent

of All A

dm

issi

ons

Cocaine/ Crack Heroin Marijuana Meth

SACPA ParoleSACPA Court/ProbationCourt/Crim JusticeNon-Criminal Justice


Legal Status of CA Treatment Admissions:

2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Perc

ent

of All A

dm

issi

ons

Cocaine/ Crack Heroin Marijuana Meth

N/ AParoleProbationDiversionIncarcerated


California Student Survey

Or The Statewide Healthy Kids

Survey

CSS

• Mandated by Office of the Attorney General

• Given Biennially since 1986• Representative sample of students

in grades 7, 9, 11 in CA

Percentage of Self Reported Substance Use in Past 6 Months from the CSS:

2003/2004

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

% R

ep

ort

ing

SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.

Percentage of Weekly Substance Use in Past 6 Months from the CSS:

2003/2004

02468

1012141618

% R

ep

ort

ing


Percentage of Self Reported Substance Use in Past 30 Days from the CSS:

2003/2004

05

10152025303540

% R

ep

ort

ing


Lifetime-High Risk Use: 2003/2004

05

1015202530354045

% R

ep

ort

ing


Violence & Safety at school in past 12 months: 2003/2004

0

10

20

30

40

50

% R

ep

ort

ing


Violence & Safety at school in past 12 months (cont): 2003/2004

05

101520253035

% R

ep

ort

ing


Relationship Between AOD Use and Violence-9th grade: 2003/2004

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

% R

ep

ort

ing


Relationship Between AOD Use and Violence-11th grade: 2003/2004

05

10152025303540

% R

ep

ort

ing


Almost The End

For questions, contact:Beth Finnerty

UCLA ISAP310-445-0874 ext. 376

[email protected]

The End

For questions on CSS, contact:T. Kiku Annon

WestED562-799-5127

[email protected]

Drug Abuse Trends in the State of California Presented to: CA Association for Criminal Justice...

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