OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

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• Harry McShane, age 16, 1908. Pulled into machinery in a factory in USA. His arm was ripped off at the shoulder and his leg broken.

• No compensation paid.

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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

AIM"the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations"

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CONTENT• Health promotion of workers• Prevention of occupational diseases• Roles and responsibilities of occupational

health nurse• Administration of occupational health

services• International organizations• Women and occupational health• Child labour and prevention• Values at workplace05/03/23 4

HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS

Recommendations by ILO / WHO committee on occupational health in 1953

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HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS• Nutrition• Communicable disease control• Environmental sanitation• Mental health• Measures for women and children• Health education• Family planning

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HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS

NUTRITION• Malnutrition• Canteen /250 workers• Diet and snacks at

reasonable rates• Store /dining room• Health education

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HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS

COMMNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL

• Early diagnosis/Rx• Cases isolated from

working environment• Protective measures• Regular Medical checkup

& Immunisation• TB,Typhoid,hepatitis,malar

ia, venereal diseases05/03/23 8

HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERSENVIRONMENTAL

SANITATION• Water supply• Food• Toilet• General cleanliness• Space• Lighting• Ventillation/Temperature• Protection from hazards• Housing05/03/23 9

HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERSMENTAL HEALTH

• Promote health and happiness

• Detect signs of emotional stress

• Identify the cause• Treatment• Rehabilitation of the ill

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HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERSMEASURES FOR WOMEN

&CHILDREN• Maternity leave for 12 weeks

with cash benefit under ESI act• Ante/Intra/Postnatal services• Prohibition of night work• Prohibits of work underground• Crèches • No child below 14 shall be

employed05/03/23 11

HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERSHEALTH EDUCATION

• Important health promotional measure

• Provided whenever necessary• Content– Hygiene, participation

• At all levels– Management– Supervisors– Workers– Trade union leaders05/03/23 12

HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS

FAMILY PLANNING• Encouraged to adopt

small family norm• Health education

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PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

• MEDICAL MEASURES

• ENGINEERING MEASURES

• LEGISLATIVE MEASURES

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MEDICAL MEASURES• PRE PLACEMENT EXAMINATION• PERIODICAL EXAMINATION• MEDICAL & HEALTH CARE SERVICE• NOTIFICATION• SUPERVISION OF WORKING

ENVIRONMENT• MAINTANANCE & ANALYSIS OF

RECORDS• HEALTH EDUCATION &

COUNSELLING

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ENGINEERING MEASURES• DESIGN OF BUILDING• GOOD HOUSEKEEPING• GENERAL VENTILATION• MECHANISATION• SUBSTITUTION• DUSTS• ENCLOSURE• ISOLATION• LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION• PROTECTIVE DEVICES• RESEARCH• STATISTICAL MONITORING• ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

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LEGISLATIVE MEASURES• The Factories Act, 1948• The Employees State Insurance

Act, 1948• Mine & Mineral Act,

(Development & Regulation) Act, 1957

• Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control ) Rules, 2000

• The Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986

• The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution ) Act, 1981

• Maternity Benefit Act (1961)• Minimum wages Act05/03/23 17

THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948• Factories act enacted in 1881• The act amended in 1911, 1934, 1948, 1976, 1987• Factory: establishment employing 10 or more

workers where power is used, and 20 or more workers where power is not used.

• Prescribed working hours, holidays and employment of young men and women.

• Prohibits employment of children under 14 years• Adolescents should be duly certified by certifying

surgeons regarding fitness to work05/03/23 18

THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948

• Chapter III (Section 11-20) deals with health aspects

• Chapter IV (Section 21-40) deals with safety aspects

• Chapter V deals with welfare aspects• Chapter VI deals with work hours holidays

interval• Chapter VII deals with employment of young

person

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The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948• Provides cash and medical benefits to industrial

employees in case of sickness, maternity and employment injury.

• Administration by ESI Corporation• The Union minister for labour :chairman

Secretary Ministry of labour : vice chairman• 4 principal officers– Insurance commissioner– Medical commissioner– Finance commissioner– Actuary

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The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948Benefits to employees• Medical benefit• Sickness benefit• Maternity benefit• Disablement benefit• Dependent benefit• Funeral expense• Rehabilitation

allowance

Benefits to employers• Exemption from the applicability

of Workmen's Compensation Act 1923

• Exemption from Maternity Benefit Act 1961

• Exemption from payment of Medical allowance to employees and their dependants or arranging for their medical care

• Rebate under the Income Tax Act on contribution deposited in the ESI Account

• Healthy work-force.05/03/23

The Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986

• Child (under 14 years) labour is prohibited in India under The Child Labour (Prohibition And Regulation) Act, 1986.

• It includes work in a shop, commercial establishment, work-shop, farm, residential hotel, restaurant, eating-house, theatre or other place of public amusement or entertainment

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ROLES AND RESPOSIBILITIES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE

• Prevention of occupational injury and disease

• Promotion of health and work ability• Improving environmental health

management

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ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE

• Clinician• Specialist• Manager • Coordinator • Adviser • Health educator • Counselor• Researcher 05/03/23 24

ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES

• CENTRAL LEVEL

• STATE LEVEL

• VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS

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ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES

• CENTRAL LEVEL– The director general for factory inspection and advisory

services– The government departments of labour and health and

the Board of mines– The atomic energy commission– Central labour institute at Mumbai and regional labour

institutes in Kanpur, Kolkata and Chennai.

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ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES

• STATE LEVEL– No occupational health division in state health

directorate except Uttar Pradesh– State responsibilities are vested in Chief inspector of

factories

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ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES

• VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS– Tata institute of industrial hygiene– Society of Industrial Medicine.– Also certain political association work for the welfare of

workers like,

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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS• The International Labour Organization• Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety

(Canada)• Congressional Office of Compliance (US)• European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU)• Government & Educational OHS Resources (Australia)• Health and Safety Executive (UK)• Health for Work Adviceline for small businesses (UK)• Information Center of Occupational Safety and Health

(Israel)• Workplace Safety & Health Council, Singapore

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The International Labour Organization

• The International Labour Organization is a specialized agency in relationship with the United Nations,

• Comprises the International Labour Conference, the Governing Body, and the International Labour Office.

• Conference meets annually, is composed of national representatives of government, management, and labour

• Principal function is to formulate international labour standards in the form of Conventions and of Recommendations. It may also record its decisions in the form of resolutions which is accepted by member countries

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WELFARE ORGANISATION OF EMPLOYEES

• Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)

• Centre of Indian trade unions (CITU)

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WOMEN AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

• Women's jobs have specific characteristics• Equipment and schedules designed in relation

to the average male body• Low wages• Sexual harassment at work place• Discrimination against women • Excluded from many health-promoting

benefits • Increased responsibility on household works• The laws of labour are male oriented 05/03/23 32

Global Commission Report• Issues should be examined within the context of gender specific analyses• identify the specific occupational health risks of particular industries, • Women's work in the informal sector, in agriculture and in the home has to

be conceptualized and measured • specific occupational health risks of women are to be addressed.• studies to identify and assess occupational health risks should be extended.• Legislation addressing women's occupational health needs should be

reassessed• International agreement about the classification of reproductive hazards

(such as chemicals) and on the precautions needed to protect both men and women from those hazards, should be developed.

• collaboration on the part of the various international agencies concerned, such as WHO and ILO.

• Interdisciplinary research with a strong social science component.

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VALUES AT WORKPLACECharacteristics of people at a work place• Different genders• Diverse ethnic, racial and cultural backgrounds• Different ages and experiences• Different abilities• Different religions• Different languages• Different family structures• Different educational backgrounds• Different work and life experiences05/03/23 34

VALUES AT WORKPLACE1. Believe in yourself and your

values.2. Know your rights as well as

duties3. Be responsible, sincere and

honest in your work.4. Be acknowledgeable to

superiors and kind towards subordinates.

5. Don’t compromise justice6. Be a learner.7. Be an advocate for others

when situation calls.

8. Be sensitive to the impact you have on others.

9. Respect others‘ dignity, values , beliefs and feelings.

10. Communicate honestly.11. Never harass or accept the

harassment of others. 12. Confront prejudices and

stereotypes that demean or exclude people

13. Accept our mistakes and don’t blame it on others.

14. Excuse others mistake, all are humans

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Thank You

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