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Drill:•Determine the KQ/HQ ratio to make a buffer solution with a pH of 4.70
•Ka for HQ = 3.0 x 10-5
Drill: Calculate [H2Q], [HQ-], [Q-2], [H+], & pH of 0.20 M KHQ.
Ka1 = 2.0 x 10-4
Ka2 = 8.0 x 10-9
Solubility
Solubility•The amount of one substance that will dissolve in another
Saturated Solution•When the maximum
amount of one substance is dissolved
in another
Precipitation•When more than the maximum amount of solute is added to a solution, a ppt will
form
Precipitation• When dissolved
particles join together forming a new phase and exit the solution
Precipitate (ppt)•The new phase that
forms and leaves the solution
Ppt Examples•Water vapor combining to
form rain
•Dissolved ions combining to form a solid
Write the equilibrium expression for
AgCl(s) Ag+ + Cl-
Solubility Product
MX(s)
M+(aq) + X-
(aq)
Ksp =[M+][X-]
Solubility Product
MX2(s)
M+2(aq) + 2 X-
(aq)
Ksp =[M+2][X-]2
Write the equation & equilibrium expression for:
Al2(SO4)3
Solubility Calculations
•Calculate the solubility of
BaSO4(s)
•Ksp = 1.2 x 10-10
Solubility Product
BaSO4(s)
Ba+2(aq) + SO4
-2(aq)
Ksp =[Ba+2][SO4-2]
•Calculate the solubility of
SrCr2O7(s)
•Ksp = 2.5 x 10-13
•Calculate the solubility of
PbI2(s)
•Ksp = 8.0 x 10-9
•Calculate the solubility of
Mn2S3(s)
•Ksp = 1 x 10-98
Drill:Write the reaction &
equilibrium expression when solid Fe2(SO4)3 is
added to water.
Drill: Calculate the solubility of M3X4
Ksp for M3X4
= 6.9 x 10-207
Solubility Concepts
AgI(s) Ag+ + I-
Ksp = [Ag+][I-] at Eq.
Qsp = [Ag+][I-] init.
Solubility Concepts•If Qsp > Ksp a
precipitate will form
•If Qsp < Ksp no precipitate will form
150 mL 0.0010 M KI is added to 100 mL 0.050
M Pb(NO3)2. Ksp for PbI2 = 8.0 x 10-9
•Will a ppt form?
Calculate the solubility of
AgI(s)
•Ksp = 1.5 x 10-16
Common Ion Solubility
Calculations
Common Ion Effect
•Solubility of a solid is reduced when one of its ions is already
in solution
•Calculate the solubility of AgI(s)
in 0.10 M NaI
•Ksp = 1.5 x 10-16
•Calculate the solubility of MZ2(s)
in
0.20 M M(NO3)2
Ksp = 2.0 x 10-15
Drill: 10.0 mL 0.050 M KCl is added to 15 mL 0.075 M Pb(NO3)2. Ksp PbCl2 = 1.7 x 10-5
•Will a ppt form?
•Calculate the solubility of M2Z3(s)
in
0.20 M M(NO3)3
Ksp = 2.0 x 10-16
Drill: Calculate the solubility of CaCO3 in water. Ksp = 4.9 x 10-15
•Calculate the solubility of PbI2(s)
in 0.010 M NaI
•Ksp = 3.2 x 10-8
The Really Bad Solubility
Problems
Aqueous NaI is added (dropwise) to a solution of 0.10 M AgNO3(s) &
0.10 M CuNO3
AgI Ksp = 1.0 x 10-16
CuI Ksp = 5.1 x 10-12
•Aqueous KCl is added (dropwise) to a solution
of 0.10 M AgNO3 & 0.10 M Cu(NO3)2
•AgCl Ksp = 1.8 x 10-10
•CuCl2 Ksp = 5.1 x 10-12
Drill: Calculate the solubility of
PbS(s)
Ksp = 1.0 x 10-28
Review
•Calculate the solubility of
PbCl2(s)
•Ksp = 1.6 x 10-5
•Calculate the solubility of Sc(OH)3(s)
•Ksp = 2.7 x 10-31
•Calculate the solubility of
Ca(OH)2.
•Ksp = 4.0 x 10-6
Calculate the pH of Li2CO3
Ksp = 8.2 x 10-4
Ka1 = 4.4 x 10-7
Ka2 = 4.7 x 10-11
•Calculate the solubility of AgI(s)
in 0.20 M NaI
•Ksp = 1.5 x 10-16
The solubility of MX2(s) is
2.0 x 10-5 M.
Calculate its Ksp
•Aqueous MgCl2 is added (dropwise) to a
solution of 0.20 M KOH & 0.10 M K2SO4
•Mg(OH)2 Ksp = 5.0 x 10-6
•MgSO4 Ksp = 5.6 x 10-5
10.0 mL 0.050 M KCl is added to 15 mL 0.060 M Pb(NO3)2.
Ksp PbCl2 = 1.7 x 10-5
•Will a ppt form?
Drill:•The solubility of YF3 is 2.0 x 10-8. Calculate the value of Ksp.