Drawing appied to Technology 1 ESO

Unit 2.Drawing applied to technology

What are we going to see in this unit? 2.1 Drawing tools and how to use them 2.2 Drafts and sketches 2.3 Drafting scale 2.4 Diedric system 2.5 Marking and standardizing

Unit 2.Drawing applied to technology

2.1 Drawing materials and instruments

Paper Paper is made of cellulose that is obtained from trees The paper size that we use is A4 . It is the result of

dividing 1 m2 (A0) four times by half the longest side.


Pencil A pencil has a lead covered with wood. The

lead is made with graphite and clay

clay

Graphite

Lead

Wood cover


Pencil hardness The more clay it contains the harder the lead will be. We use letter H for hard pencils and letter B for soft ones. Hard: H Soft: B

Very hard Hard Medium Soft Very soft

6H 5H 4H 3H 2H H HB B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B

less clay More clay

Technique draw Artistic draw


Mechanical pencils They hold a graphite lead. They can be used for technical drawing (if used )with a soft lead.

ERASERS Erasers are made of rubber, they absorb graphite and erase it.

2.1 DRAWING TOOLS

THE RULER It is a precision tool that makes it possible to measure and to transfer a distance. TRIANGULAR SET SQUARE A set square is a tool for drawing perpendicular (vertical) and parallel lines and for obtaining angles. There are 2 types of trianglular set squares A 45 degree A 60

degree

2.1 Drawing materials and instruments The Compass It is used for drawing circles and angles

Advice: sharpen the lead tip by rubbing it on a fingernail file

2.2 DRAFT AND SKETCH

DRAFT: It is a free hand drawing (just with a pencil). We show an idea or object without totally defining it.

See picture in Page 41


DRAFT: It is a free hand drawing (just with a pencil). We show an idea or object without totally defining it.

See picture in Page 40


ATTENTION! A DRAFT IS NOT A BAD DRAWING AND A SKETCH IS NOT A GOOD DRAWING !!!!!!


The sketch: It is a free hand drawing too, but it includes the measures, therefore it shows the precise size and a shape similar to the final drawing.

measure

Page 41


The difference between them is that the draft gives us a simple idea of the object and the sketch gives us a complete defined picture with measures

DRAFT SKETCH


Activity: draw the draft and sketch of your pencil

2.3 Drafting scale

We define scale as the relation between the drawing size and the real object

A model uses a reduction scale

1.3 Drafting scale 1:500000

The Drawing size

The Real size

2.3 Drafting scale

1:2

The Drawing size

The Real size

Page 38

2.3 Drafting scale

200 reality 1cm drawing

1:200

1 cm measured on the drawing is equivalent to 200cm in reality

Page 38

2.3 Drafting scale Scale types:

• Reduction scale: it is used to represent big objects, so they can be drawn on paper – We usually use: 1:2 1:5 1:10…

In this example we have reduced 1000 times the real size of the tree

1:1000 Real drawn Real Real

2.3 Drafting scale Enlargement scale: it is used to represent small objects so we can see them on paper

– It is used: 2:1 5:1 10:1 …

In this example the drawing is two times the real object

2:1 2:1

Drawing

Real

Safety pin

2.3 Drafting scale

An example of scale application • Let’s draw a pencil that is 10cm high

and 1cm wide using different scales: 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, 1:4 1cm

10cm

2.3 Drafting scale

Scale 2:1

High wide

Drawn 2

Real 1 10 1

Real

2:1

2.3 Drafting scale

Scale 1:2

High wide

Drawn 1

Real 2 10 1

2:1

Real

1:2

2.3 Drafting scale

Scale 1:4

High wide

Drawn 1

Real 4 10 1

Real

2:1

1:2

1:4

Real

2:1

1:2

Real

1:2

2:1

Real

1:2

2.3 Drafting scale

Scale exercise • This drawing is 4,5cm long and 2,5 cm

high, if we have used a 1:100 scale How high and long is the real car?

4.5cm

2.5cm

2.3 Drafting scale

Scale 1:100

Long High

Drawn 1 4,5 2,5

Real 100

4.5c

m

2.5cm

2.3 Drafting scale

Scale 1:100

Long High

Drawn 1 4,5 2,5

Real 100 450 250

4.5c

m

2.5cm

2.3 Drafting scale

• Activity: Let’s draw a plan of your classroom using

your feet and your hands applying the suitable scale to draw it

1 foot: 20cm 1 hand: 10cm

feet are equivalent to cm

hands = cm

Hands= cm

Therefore we have

2.3 Drafting scale

hands x 10cm/hand= cm hands x cm/hand= cm

feet x 20cm/foot= cm

feet x 20cm/foot= cm

feet are equivalent to cm

hands = cm

Hands= cm

Therefore we have

2.3 Drafting scale

Long 9 hands x 10cm/hand= 90 cm Wide 7 hands x 10cm/hand= 70 cm Long 32 feet x 20cm/foot=640 cm Wide 23 feet x 20cm/foot=460 cm

2.3 Drafting scale

Which scale could we use to draw the classroom and your desks on your notebooks?

length width

Classroom 620cm 480cm

Desk 72cm 54cm

Classroom Long wide

Drawn 1

Real 100 620 460

Desks Long wide

Drawn 1

Real 100 90 70

2.3 Drafting scale Let’s use the 1:100 scale, so the drawing will be 100 times smaller than reality

2.4 Diedric system 07/12/2011 Drawing exam: Scale, Views and marking

2.4 Diedric system The diedric system represents the objects using a perpendicular projection on a plane

2.4 Diedric system

Where do we have to be situated to see these objects like circles?

2.4 Diedric system

2.4 Diedric system The projection or VIEW consists of drawing just what we see when we are perpendicular to the object and to the plane

Page 28

Floor view

Front view Right Profile view

1

2

4 5

6

Rayo proyectante

3

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

7 8

© Pedro J. Castela

Floor view


Floor view

Front view

Right Profile view

1

2

7

4 5

6

3

© Pedro J. Castela

Floor view

Front view

Right Profile view

1

2

4 5

6

3

7

© Pedro J. Castela

1

2

4 5 6

3

7

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

© Pedro J. Castela Floor view


2.4 Diedric system To define an object we only need 3 views, floor, front and

profile: Floor view: from the top of the object Front view: facing the object Profile view: from the side

Left Profile view

Floor view

Front view

Front view

Floor view

Left Profile view

2.4 Diedric system IMPORTANT: Follow these rules

The same height: the object has the same height on the floor and on the profile views

The same width: on the front and on the floor views

The same depth: on the floor and on the profile views

2.4 Diedric system

Diedric Rules The front is usually indicated with an arrow The views distribution

The front is always on top of the floor The profile is situated the other way around,

that is, the left profile is situated on the right

front

floor

Left profile Right profile

floor

front

Draw the left profile, floor and front view of your pencil case. Use a 1:4 scale

front

floor

Left profile

Draw the left profile, floor and front view of my tamagochi. Use a 1:4 scale

front

floor

Left profile

2.4 Diedric system

Insert video

2.4 Diedric system

Exercise: Draw the front, left profile and floor views of the class chair

front

floor

Left profile

2.4 Diedric system

Check with your rule that all lines are matched

2.4 Diedric system

Correct with RED color your exercise and copy my picture

2.4 Diedric system Exercise 11: Complete the views of the following objects

Page 31

You have to use Pencil Rules Draw big PICTURES

2.4 Diedric system Exercise 11: Complete the views of the following objects

Vamos a ver cómo se dibujan las vistas de la pieza mostrada en la figura, utilizando un papel cuadriculado (cuadrícula grande), de manera que cada cuadrícula de la pieza equivale a una cuadrícula del papel.

© Pedro J. Castela Haz clic para continuar

2.4 Diedric system

A

B

Para dibujar la vista de alzado nos fijamos en cuánto mide la pieza de ancho (A = 5) y de alto (B = 6) y dibujamos un rectángulo de esas medidas. Sólo tienes que contar los cuadritos.

ALZADO


2.4 Diedric system

La cara que tenemos más cerca mide D = 2 cuadros de altura, por tanto trazamos una línea a dos cuadros de la base del rectángulo que contiene a la vista de alzado.

D

A

B

ALZADO


2.4 Diedric system

Para terminar la vista de alzado, observa que tanto la rampa como la cara vertical tienen la misma altura (4 cuadros). Sin embargo, la rampa tiene 2 cuadros de ancho y la cara vertical 3.

D

A

B

ALZADO

La cara vertical y la rampa tienen la misma altura.


2.4 Diedric system

La vista en planta se sitúa justo debajo de la vista de alzado y en ella vemos la pieza desde arriba. Sus dimensiones serán A = 5 y C = 5, es decir, un cuadrado de 5 x 5.

D

A

B

PLANTA

C


2.4 Diedric system

Para dibujar la cara superior observemos que E = 2 cuadros. Por tanto, trazamos una línea paralela a la cara superior del cuadrado que contiene a la vista en planta, a una distancia de 2 cuadros.

D

A

B

PLANTA

E

C


2.4 Diedric system

Para dibujar la cara inferior y la rampa observemos que las dos tienen una profundidad de 3 cuadros, pero distinto ancho. Por tanto, trazamos una línea que separe ambas caras, de manera que la rampa tenga 2 cuadros de ancho.

D

A

B

PLANTA

E

C

La cara inferior y la rampa tienen la misma profundidad.


2.4 Diedric system

La vista de perfil izquierdo se dibuja a la derecha del alzado, a su misma altura. En principio, dibujamos un rectángulo de altura B = 6 y ancho C = 5 cuadros. Después borraremos las líneas que sobren.

D

A

B

PERFIL IZQUIERDO E

C

C

B


Observemos que la cara más cercana tiene forma de L. Por tanto, la dibujamos así, teniendo en cuenta las dimensiones D = 2 y E = 2 cuadros.

D

A

B

PERFIL IZQUIERDO E

C

C

B

E

D


2.4 Diedric system

La cara correspondiente a la rampa tiene forma de triángulo rectángulo. Observa que la rampa tiene una altura de 4 cuadros y una profundidad de 3cuadros. Su longitud no importa. Para terminar, borramos las líneas que sobran.

D

A

B

PERFIL IZQUIERDO E

C

C

B

E

D


2.4 Diedric system

Este sería el resultado final. La vista de alzado y la vista en planta están en la misma vertical y tienen el mismo ancho (A), mientras que las vistas de alzado y de perfil están en la misma horizontal y tienen la misma altura (B).


2.4 Diedric system

2.4 Diedric system Non visible lines: when we know there is a hidden

line we have to draw it using a discontinuous line

hidden line

2.4 Diedric system

Activity: draw the front, floor and right profile views of this figure colouring each face in one colour.

2.4 Diedric system

Activity: draw the front, floor y left profile views of this figure colouring each face in a different colour.

Tabla vistas

Completa Esta tabla

Solución

Ejercicio para casa. 46 y 48 de la página 46 : realiza el perfil derecho, alzado y planta de estas figuras

Ejercicio para casa. 46 y 48

Solución

2.5 Marking and standardizing

Marking is the standard language that engineers use to define the size, materials and properties of an object so that anyone can understand it

2.5 Marking and standardizing 2.- Lines

Measures are in mm, other units are marked The lines are:

Thick continuous lines: are used to outline objects Thick discontinuous lines: indicate hidden lines Thin continuous lines: are used for auxiliary measures and

reference lines. Dots and thin discontinuous lines: indicate a circumference or

cylinder axis


Measure line

Auxuliary Line

Measure

Circumference axis line

Reference line

Measure line ends

Measures position


Activity: Draw the front, left profile and floor views of these objects marking the measures. Apply the correct scale


You have to use a frame



The measure lines: We place them parallel to

the edge and slightly separated

They are limited by the auxiliary lines

The arrows are thin and elongated, they go from one side to the other

Marking follows some rules


Auxiliary lines We place them

perpendicular to the measure lines

They cross the measure line a little bit

They never cut the measure line

2.5 Marking and standardizing The measures:

We indicate the real measure in milimetres, but “mm” is never written

They are placed above the measure line, never under it

We only use the extrictly necessary measures

Solución Tabla vistas

Ejercicio


Ejercicio

Drawing appied to Technology 1 ESO

Education

Transcript of Drawing appied to Technology 1 ESO