Dr. Susan Detmer - Regional Surveillance and Control Strategies for Influenza in Swine: It Takes a...
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Transcript of Dr. Susan Detmer - Regional Surveillance and Control Strategies for Influenza in Swine: It Takes a...
Regional Surveillance and Control Strategies for Influenza in Swine:
IT TAKES A PROVINCESusan Detmer, DVM, PhD
September 20, 2016
Outline
What is surveillance? What are we looking for? The Manitoba Collaboration What are we doing with the data? Future work
What is Disease Surveillance?
Disease surveillance is an information-based activity involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of large volumes of data originating from a variety of sources.
PCR (ELISA, BacT) for specific diseases
Farm Data (Outcome Data), Meteorological data
To be effective, the collection of surveillance data must be standardized on a national basis and be made available at local, regional and national level.
http://www.hpsc.ie/AboutHPSC/WhatisDiseaseSurveillance/
How is the surveillance data used?
Monitor changes in disease patterns
Evaluate control and prevention methods
Identify high risk populations
Planning: allocation of resources
ZIKA control measures (Pres $1.9Bil, Congress $1.1Bil, Senate $0)
PED response in Manitoba (surveillance budget gone through 2017)
Data archive for future reference
Caveat: The quality of the data will determine some uses.
Active vs. Passive surveillance
ACTIVE:
Actively collecting samples from farms at regular intervals (weekly, monthly, quarterly)
Research Projects
Not targeting sick animals
PASSIVE:
Collecting samples from farms with clinical signs of ILI
Diagnostic labs - “sick animals”
You have to know the farm and the disease
SAMPLE THE RIGHT ANIMALS
regular intervals
as needed
Who to sample for flu?
Flu not under control PIGLETS 14-24 days old
OR
PIGLETS at weaning
10 nasal swabs
Flu controlled in sows by vaccine 6-8 week old pigs in NURSERY
Oral fluids to narrow down:
3 samples at 5w, 6w, 7w, 8w
Nasal swabs from 10-12 piglets.
3ml VTM with regular flocked swab1ml VTM with MINI flocked swabBD or Puritan brand
Using a mini swab with 3 ml of VTM can dilute the virus too much. (hard to isolate, seq., etc.)
If you get blood on the swabs try stopping here
Flu surveillance in the USA
USDA 2009-2016 (passive surveillance)
State labs: opt-in/out, anonymous or tracked
Screening with Matrix PCR
Virus isolation and subtyping
Sequences: HA, NA, M GenBank
Virus Isolates forwarded to USDA
Whole genome sequencing of selected viruses
Virus archive for future work and research
http://www.clipartbest.com/clipart-RiG6q9zdT
Flu surveillance in Canada
Provincial laboratories, provincial funding
Ontario
Samples through the provincial lab
Screening with Matrix PCR
Virus isolation and subtyping
Sequencing HA Forwarding to CFIA for whole genome
Quebec
University of Montreal and MAPAQ
Flu surveillance in Canada
Western Canada (me)
Active and Passive surveillance
Screening and subtyping
VI and HA sequencing
Forwarding for whole genome
PDS and UMVDL
Funded by:
Canada-West Swine Health Intelligence Network (CWSHIN) Purpose to communicate about current disease issues within the
region Emerging disease problems
BC, AB, SK, MB Private practice veterinarians Provincial veterinarians Diagnosticians (provincial labs) Academics
Members on the call sign a privacy policy Information being shared is not publicly available A report is generated for veterinarians and producers
The Canadian Swine Health Intelligence Network (CSHIN) started in 2012
Quebec: Réseau d'alerte et d'information zoosanitaire (RAIZO)
Ontario: Ontario Animal Health Network (OAHN)
Western Canada: CWSHIN
Others from the Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System (CAHSS)
Issues with different labs using different systems
CAHLN: AHL, PDS, MAFRI
Numbers of positive samples reported vs. %
Central information gathering (Lab data fed to CAHSS) - CFIA
Clinical Impression Survey
Computer or Cell phone App
Fluidsurveys
Quarterly observations by practitioners
Approximately 40-45 veterinarians represent almost 90% of the pigs in Canada
CSHIN quarterly conference calls
Veterinarian and Producer reports
The Manitoba experience
Canada
https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/dept/agribusiness/media/pdf/Manitoba_pig_and_pork_profile_2015.pdf
https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/dept/agribusiness/media/pdf/Manitoba_pig_and_pork_profile_2015.pdf
3,288,500 total hogs exportedMinnesota: 801,300Iowa: 2,069,700
Manitoba Hogs
2008-2012: Adverse market conditions
2015: 2,243,700 pigs exported were < 7 kg (isowean)
78% of pigs < 50 kg that were exported; 68% of total hogs exported
https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/dept/agribusiness/media/pdf/Manitoba_pig_and_pork_profile_2015.pdf
SE Manitoba
Hog alley near Winnipeg, MB Red River
North of Fargo, ND
SE MB vet group Deals with >25% of all Canadian pigs
Deals with a lot of exports to USA
3 Large Production Systems
Regular meetings to discuss diseases Meetings on Flu: Detmer & Culhane
Several research projects have developed from the collaboration between the swine veterinarians and my research program both within Southeast Manitoba and across the Western region.
Unpublished data was removed from the presentation for the web version.
Learning from experience
Risk factors Better understanding
Identifying new
Measurements of success How do we know we have eradicated a virus?
How do we measure if a control strategy is effective?
Monitoring programs Endemic flu is it a new flu ?
H3N2 pH1N1 alpha H1N2 +/- H3N2
Trends in disease flu trends NEED TO GO DEEPER!
Going Forward
Continue to build on present information networks Need a database of viruses for sharing
GenBank with clinical and other data
Limited Access
Anonymity
Protected data
More field based projects More vaccine testing
Does closing a herd help? Off-site nurseries?
Outline
What is surveillance?
What are we looking for?
The Manitoba Collaboration
What are we doing with the data?
Future work
Thank you!
CSHIN, CWSHIN, OAHN, RAIZO
Veterinarians, Producers and Pigs in Western Canada
Graduate students and Technicians
Collaborators
Funding:
Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture
Sask-ADF
Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency
Regional Surveillance and Control Strategies for Influenza in Swine:IT TAKES A PROVINCE a lot of people
Students in the Detmer Lab: Vinicius, Lauren and Diana