Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin [email protected]
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Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin [email protected] KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking, and problem solving
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KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking, and problem solving. Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin [email protected]. PRESENT IMPERFECT. ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS. Low cognitive level of students… - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin [email protected]
Dr. David DelanyCAPSL
Trinity College [email protected]
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking, and problem solving
PRESENT IMPERFECT
ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS• Low cognitive level of students…
– Piagetian tests of formal operations norms 1976-2006/7
• Shayer & Ginsberg (2009)
– Almost 50% of Science 1st Years below Formal Operational Level (11-15 yrs)
• Finlayson, et al (2009)
• Dumbing down is a tacit admission of pedagogical failure!– Project Maths
PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTIONAL
EDUCATION• Educational practice demonstrably
sub-optimal– Surface > deep learning– Near > far learning transfer– Dependent > independent thinking– Routine > adaptive expertise
PARADIGM SHIFT NEEDED!
• Conventional education is sub-optimal at the paradigm level
• Fundamentally misses the point!
BLACK BOX METAPHOR FOR EDUCATION
• Answers are used to INDIRECTLY assess quality of understanding
• Input-Output black box metaphor at root of problems with modern education
KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES
EXPERTS• Integrated
– Good Learning Transfer
• Hierarchical– Efficient Problem
Solving Strategies
NOVICES• Fragmented
– Poor Learning Transfer
• Non-hierarchical– Inefficient
Problem Solving Strategies
CONVENTIONAL DEVELOPMENT of
EXPERTISE
• Fragmented• Non-Hierarchical• Narrow
• Integrated• Hierarchical• Extensive
UNSKILLED LEARNER
?
IDEAL DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESSION
• Integrated• Hierarchical• Narrow
• Integrated• Hierarchical• Extensive
SKILLED LEARNER
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING COURSE• Central goal: accelerate the
development of adaptive expertise through deliberate construction of expert knowledge structures– TCD, Cornell, Intel, etc
• Apply findings from cognitive science to improving cognitive skills– Meaningful learning, deep insight,
creativity & structured innovation• Novice => expert => elite expert
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING EXAMPLE
CAPITAL: The man-made FACTOR OF PRODUCTION encompassing all the physical assets, such as machinery, used by a business to produce goods and services.
CAPITAL: The man-made FACTOR OF PRODUCTION encompassing all the physical assets, such as machinery, used by a business to produce goods and services.
DEEP vs SURFACE STRUCTURE SURFACE STRUCTURE
CAPITAL: The man-made FACTOR OF PRODUCTION encompassing all the physical assets, such as machinery, used by a business to produce goods and services
DEEP STRUCTURE
FROM SURFACE TO DEEP TO SURFACE
GOODS AND SERVICES:The outputs of the business
production process
FACTOR OF PRODUCTION: Resources, such as capital, used by a business as inputs to the production process in the creation of goods and services
PRODUCTION PROCESS: The business process through which factors of production, such as capital, are converted into goods and services
CAPITAL: The man-made factor of production encompassing all the physical assets, such as machinery, used by a business to produce goods and services
ABSTRACTION The greatest thing by far is to be a master
of metaphor. It is the one thing that cannot be learnt from others; it is the mark of genius, for to make good metaphors implies an intuitive perception of the similarity in dissimilars.
Aristotle (384-322 BC), Greek philosopher
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING &
CREATIVITY• Ward (1994) Experiment: Alien Design
• CONCLUSION: Human creativity is limited– we recycle and adapt familiar elements– Bilateral symmetry, polarity, sensory app., appendages
• ALTERNATIVE CONCLUSION: • Creativity is limited by poor
Knowledge Engineering skills
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING &
CREATIVITYRADIAL
SPHERICALBILATERAL
SYMMETRY
ASYMMETRICAL
?
APOLARMULTI-POLAR
POLARITY
POLAR
?SYMMETRYPOLARITYMORPHOLOGY
?
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING &
CREATIVITYRADIAL
SPHERICALBILATERAL
SYMMETRY
ASYMMETRICAL
?
APOLARMULTI-POLARPOLARITY
POLAR
?
MORPHOLOGY
??
LEGAL ANALYSIS: RATIO DECIDENDI• Identifying the ratio of the Wilkinson vs Downton (1895) case
• Process of structural abstraction• Good legal rule: not too concrete, not too general
WHY KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING?
• CLARITY OF UNDERSTANDING• COMPRESSION
– I am sorry for the length of my letter, but I had not the time to write a short one.
– Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), French mathematician and philosopher
• FAR LEARNING TRANSFER• KNOWLEDGE RESTRUCTURING
KNOWLEDGE MAPPING SOFTWARE
• Intelligence analysts (FP7)• “Construction and visualisation of
augmented representations of the deep conceptual frameworks underpinning an analysis”
• Abstraction & Information overload• “analytical due diligence”
FUTURE EDUCATION: PARADIGM-SHIFTING
CONVERGENCE• Advanced knowledge analytics tools• Self-administered neurocognitive
enhancement training tools
• What educational system design would best serve ‘post-convergence’ students?
• Implications for the Irish education system?– Publication-grade student research at 2’ level– Vertically-distributed research model– Ireland’s international education ranking
FUTURE PERFECT?
