Dr. B. C. ViraktamathProject Director

Directorate of Rice Research

Bringing Green Revolution in Eastern Region

Increasing rice production in Eastern India by promoting hybrid rice as well as other technologies

Zone Area

('Mha)%

IndiaProduction

('Mt) %

IndiaProductivity

(Kg/ha)%

IndiaEast 23.7 54.9 38.0 43.8 1594.6 79.4

North 9.84 22.8 24.9 28.7 2410.1 120.0South 6.73 15.6 18.9 21.8 2707.8 134.9West 2.34 5.4 3.9 4.5 1895.6 94.4India 43.21 100.0 86.8 100.0 2007.8 100.0

Region -wise rice area, production and productivity (mean of 2002-2007)

Eastern India has the great potential to enhance rice production in the coming years

Rice Area (%) in Eastern region – Ecology-wise

Upland

Rainfed lowland

Semi-deep water

Deep water

Floating

Total area = 23.4 Mha

Present (2008-09) % of the Total

Rice EcologiesArea

(m.ha)Production

(m.t.)Productivity

(t/ha) Area Production ProductivityIrrigated 24.7 66.7 2.87 56.1 67.4 142.8Rainfed lowland 14 22.4 1.35 31.8 22.6 67.2Rainfed upland 4 6.6 0.7 9.1 6.7 34.8Flood prone 1.3 3.3 0.9 3.0 3.3 44.8

Toal 44 99 2.01

Rice Production and Productivity in Different Ecologies

Area (m.ha) Production (m.t) Productivity (Kg/ha)

State Mean Mean Mean Rank Rating

Assam 2.41 3.51 1453 12 Low

Bihar 3.38 4.29 1259 15 Low

Jharkhand 1.40 1.98 1395 13 Low

Orissa 4.43 6.03 1355 14 Low

West Bengal 5.79 14.64 2529 6 HighChhattisgarh 3.76 4.53 1202 16 Low

All India 42.63 85.73 2008

State-wise rice area, production and productivity during 2005-2006(In Eastern region)

Production constraints in Eastern India PhysicalOver dependence on unpredictable monsoonFrequent drought/floodsLow light intensity during kharif

Technical Slow spread of HYV’s Lower use of fertilizers/other inputs Low seed replacement rate ExtensionWeak extension machineryLower credit facilities

Bringing Green Revolution in Eastern India

“Green Revolution in eastern India should be ushered in based on the principles of sustainability, soil health and environmental protection”

Increasing the yields should not be the only criteria that has derailed the sustainability of rice production system

Bringing green revolution to the east : needs caution

Lessons learnt from green revolution in other parts of the country Over-emphasis on input intensive technologies

Excessive and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers leading to micro nutrient deficiencies

Neglecting the use of organics in rice cultivation

Excessive exploitation of ground water leading to soil problems

Over dependent on chemical based pest control leading to environmental pollution

Benefited only the medium and large farmers

Strategies for bringing green revolution in Eastern India

Adoption of new high yielding varietiesStrengthening seed production and encouraging seed replacement rate Increasing area under hybrid rice Encouraging balanced use of fertilizers (INM, SSNM) Enhanced use of organics Adoption of IPM practices to control pests/diseasesIncreasing irrigation facilities and judicious use of waterIncreasing area under boro rice wherever ground water is abundant

Adoption of High Yielding Varieties in Eastern India

State No. of varieties available for cultivationIR RSL RUP Boro Total

Assam 09 19 02 03 33Bihar 19 21 13 03 56Chhattisgarh 15 06 06 - 27Jharkhand 12 16 04 - 32Orissa 45 30 28 - 103West Bengal 23 10 06 01 40Total 123 102 59 07 291

IR-Irrigated; RSL-Rainfed shallow lands; RUP-Rainfed uplands;

Most popular rice varieties in Eastern India

State Popular varietiesAssam Ranjeet, Mahsuri, Luit, IR 50

Bihar Rajashree, Sita, Rajendra Mahsuri, Prabhat

Chhattisgarh IR 64, IR 36, Mahamaya, Kranti, Purnima, Swarna, MTU 1010, Danteswari, Bamleshwari

Jharkhand IR 64, Vandana, IR 36, Anjali, BirsamatiOrissa IR 64, IR 36, Pooja, CR 1018, Savitri, Ratna,

Khitish, Annada, CR 1017, Lunishree, CR 1014 West Bengal Khitish, Satabdi, Sabita, ShashiTripura IR 64, Kalikhasa, Tapaswani Meghalaya Bhalum

Rice varieties released during the last 5 years for Eastern India

Sl. No State Irrigated Rainfed Upland

RainfedLowland

Boro

1 Assam Chandrama -- -- --2 Manipur -- -- Ginphou,

Maniphou-10, Pariphou

--

3 Orissa Pratikshya, CR Dhan 10, Tejaswini, Ajay, Rajalaxmi, Manaswini

Jogesh, Naveen, Sidhanta, Jaldi Dhan 6, Mandakini

Ketekijoha, CR Sugandh Dhan-3, Nua Kalajeera, Mrunalini, Rani Dhan, Swarna Sub1

CR Boro Dhan-2

4 Uttar Pradesh

Narendra Dhan 3112-1,Prakhar,NDR 2064, Narendra Usar Sankar Dhan 3

-- Narendra Jal Pushp, Narendra Dhan, Narendra Mayank, Swarna Sub1

--

Hybrid Rice

One of the key components that can help in bringing green revolution to Eastern India. The potential is seen already as the region is leading in hybrid rice cultivation.

The Need for Hybrid Rice

Rapidly increasing population

Plateuing yield trend of HYV’s.

Declining resources (Land, Water)

Yield advantage of hybrids (15-20%) over varieties

Hybrid Rice is one of the practically feasible and readily adoptable technologies to enhance productivity of rice in the country.

Eastern India: Harbinger of hybrid rice cultivation

• Appreciable yield advantage of the hybrids over the inbred varieties (30-40%)

• Farmers’ enthusiasm in accepting the technology

• Hybrid rice quality suiting to the requirement of the people in the region

• Aggressive marketing strategies by the private seed companies

• Total hybrids evaluated : 2000• Hybrids Released : 43• Public Sector hybrids : 28• Private Sector hybrids : 15• Central Releases : 20• State Releases : 23

Evaluation of Hybrids

Hybrids Released by CSCCSN&RV

Public Sector

Private Sector

KRH-2 PHB-71 (Pioneer) PA 6201 (Pro-Agro)

Pusa RH-10 PA 6129 (Pro Agro) PA 6444 (Pro Agro)

DRRH-2 RH-204 (Parry Monsanto)

Ganga (Paras Co.)

Sahyadri-4 Suruchi (Mahyco) JKRH-401 (JK Agri.)

DRRH-3* GK 5003 (Ganga Kaveri)

DRH 775 (Metahelix)*

HRI 157 (Pro Agro)*

PAC 835 (Advanta)*

PAC 837 (Advanta)*

NK-5251 (Syngenta)#

US 312 ( US Agri Gen.)

* Five hybrids released during 2009; # Under consideration

Hybrid with medium slender grain type

DRRH-3

Year DFF Yield (kg/ha)

Advantage (%) over BPT 5204

2005 103 5739 182006 101 5539 202007 98 6051 30Mean 101 5776 23

DRRH-3 BPT-5204

State/Region Hybrids

Uttarakhand, Eastern UP and Bihar NSD-2, KRH-2, PHB-71, PA-6201, DRRH-3, PA 6444, Sahyadri-4, JKRH-401

Chattisgarh, Jharkhand Indira Sona, DRH-775, HRI-157, PAC-837, PA 6201, Suruchi

Orissa Rajlakshmi, Ajay, HRI-157, PAC-835, DRRH-3, JKRH-401, KRH-2, PA 6201, PA 6444, Suruchi

Karnataka KRH-2, PHB-71, PA-6201, GK-5003, HRI-157, PAC-837

Andhra Pradesh PHB-71, PA-6201, DRRH-3, GK-5003, HRI-157, PAC-837

Tamil Nadu CORH-3, DRRH-2, HRI-157

Maharashtra KRH-2, PHB-71, Sahyadri-4, HRI-157

West Bengal CNRH-3, PHB-71, DRRH-2, Sahyadri-4

Gujarat Sahyadri, KRH-2, HRI-157, PAC-835, PAC-837, DRRH-3

Punjab, Haryana PHB-71, 6444,Pusa RH-10, DRRH-2, Sahyadri-4

Hybrids available for cultivation in different statesHybrids available for cultivation in different states

Besides private sector is selling 30-40 non notified hybrids in the region

Hybrids resistant to pests and diseasesHybrid Resistant Tolerant Moderately resistant

suruchi Blast - WBPH

DRRH 2 Blast, RTV - Brown spot, WBPH

Ajay - - Blast, BLB, Stemborer, BPH, WBPH, Gall midge

JKRH-401 - Blast,RTV, sheath blight, brown spot, Stemborer, WBPH, Gall midge, Leaf folder

CORH 3 - Blast, RTV, GLH,BPH, WBPH

PA 6129 Blast, Gall midge - Brown spot and GLH

GK 5003 Blast, RTV - sheath blight, brown spot, WBPH

HRI 157 - - RTV, brown spot

PAC 835 Blast - BLB, RTV

PAC 837 Blast - RTV, brown spot and GLH

NK 5251 Blast - WBPH

DRRH 3 - WBPH Blast, RTV

US 312 Blast, Gall Midge RTV, Brown spot, WBPH

North West India (Punjab, Haryana,

Maharashtra)15%

South I ndia (Karnataka, Ap, TN)

5%

Eastern India (UP, Bihar, Chattisgarh,

J arkhand etc.)80%

Hybrid rice cultivation (region-wise) 2009

Hybrids suitable for rainfed/aerobic conditions

PSD-1 PSD-3HRI-126 ADTRH-1PRH-122 DRRH-3

Hybrids tolerant to salinity/alkalinity

Salinity : PHB-71, ADTRH-1, CORH-3

Alkalinity : Suruchi, DRRH-3

Strategies for promoting Hybrid rice in Eastern India

Providing a special fund for hybrid rice research with special focus on Eastern India

Constituting a task force to oversee the progress on hybrid rice

Creating conducive environment to boost seed production both by public and private sector

Procurement of hybrid rice produce by FCI and other agencies for PDS

Policy

Contd….

TechnicalDevelopment of long duration hybrids for shallow

low lands and coastal areasFurther enhancing the level of heterosisOptimizing hybrid rice seed production in boro

areas

ExtensionConducting large number of demonstrations in

farmers’ fieldsLine Departments to play a key role in promoting

hybrid riceAdvance seed indent system to be developed and

implemented

Other technologies to usher into green revolution in Eastern India

Adopting Integrated Nutrient Management practices Going for soil health cards and practicing site specific

nutrient management Use of organics/green manures should be an integral part in

rice cultivation Use of Leaf Colour Chart to improve the ‘N’ efficiency Crop diversification (rotation and recycling of crop residues) Judicious use of water by adopting innovative cultivation

methods Integrated pest management

Adoption of SRI to save water and other inputs

Plant young seedlings (8-12 days old)

Single seedling per hill with soil

Wider spacing (20 x 25 cm)

Use of more organicsWeeding by cono

weederBio-pesticides (IPM)

Cultivation of rice in un puddled, direct seeded without standing water (need based irrigation as like wheat & maize)

Combines features of high yielding irrigated lowland and drought tolerant upland cultivars.

Aerobic rice cultivation

Promising varieties/hybrids suitable for aerobic cultivation

Vareities Rasi, Vandana, Jaya, PKM 3 , MAS-96Hybrids KRH-2, PA 6444, DRRH-3, PA 6201, CORH-3,

PHB-71 and Sahyadri

Direct seeding with 8 row drum seeder

Simple method to save labour

Sprouted seeds are sown with the help of a 8 row drum seeder

Duration reduced by 8-10 days

Yields on par with he transplanted crop

Good leveling is a must

Optimum Sowing

/ Planting Time

Pest Monitoring in Nursery/ Main fieldEconomic thresholds

RESISTANT

VARIETY

Integrated pest management in rice

Need based

insecticide use

Ecofriendly

and safe insecticides

Natural biocontrol

Avoid persistent

insecticides

Pheromones

Cultural PracticesOptimum Spacing

Optimum ‘ N’Crop sanitation

AlleywaysMid season drying

Trap Crop- A cost effective environmental friendly way to control the stem borer

Growing one row of Basmati variety after every 9 rows of farmers’ variety could reduce the stem borer damage to considerable extent

Conclusions

Faster spread of newly developed varieties and hybrids Efficient and effective seed production mechanism to ensure

the availability of quality seeds Selective mechanization to save the rice farming from labour

shortage Enhancing profitability of rice farming by economizing the

input use Intensifying research on water saving technologies such as

Aerobic rice, AWD, SRI etc

Aggressive technology transfer efforts by all the concerned

Thank You