hainrih biolis fondSi 2010 wlis

3 noembers gamarTuli sajaro diskusia

Temaze:

`nafic msajulTa instituti

saqarTveloSi~

ZiriTadi momxseneblebi:

gigla gulaSvili _ eqsperti,

saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa

asociacia

oTar kaxiZe _ iusticiis saministros

analitikuri departamentis ufrosi

kaxa wiqariSvili _ sasamarTlo

administrirebis da menejmentis

reformis proeqtis xelmZRvanelis

moadgile, DPK Consulting. avtori

wignisa: ,,nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo

(dasavluri sistemebis mimoxilva)~

vaxtang xmalaZe _ eqsperti,

sazogadoebrivi sakonstitucio komisiis

wevri

giorgi SavliaSvili _ saqarTvelos

uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTle

moderacia: mindia ugrexeliZe

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mindia ugrexeliZe _ mogesalmebiT yvelas. is sistema, romelic

Tanamedroveobas Seesabameba, jer kidev ar aris Camoyalibebuli da vin icis, kidev

ramdeni dro dagvWirdeba. amitom Tqveni azri, monawileoba, SekiTxvis Tu kamaTis

saxiT, am Temebze msjelobisas Zalian mniSvnelovania. miuxedavad imisa, rom

konstituciuri cvlilebebi ukve miRebulia, konstituciuri procesi

saqarTveloSi araTu ar damTavrebula, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom axla iwyeba. is

gagrZeldeba manam, sanam ar CavTvliT, rom mivuaxlovdiT mainc srulyofilebas,

Tumca srulyofili qveyanaze araferi ar aris. gansakuTrebiT vafaseb axalgazrda

qarTvel iuristTa monawileobas am procesSi. did madlobas movaxseneb Cvens

ucxoel kolegebsac.

sakiTxi, romelzec dRes visaubrebT, bevrnairad SeiZleba iyos warmoCenili.

es aris gagrZeleba Cveni Sexvedrebisa saqarTvelos konstituciaze. imitom rom,

mogexsenebaT, sasamarTlo sistema nawilia konstituciis, da amave dros im axali

kanonmdeblobis, romelic amaswinaT Sevida ZalaSi.

msoflioSi sami ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi sistema arsebobs. erT-erTi maTgani

mxolod profesional mosamarTleebs iyenebs. amisi yvelaze TvalsaCino magaliTi

saerTaSoriso sasamarTloebi iqneba. meore sistemaa is, romelic iyenebs Sefenebis

instituts da is ZiriTadad germaniaSi gvxvdeba. es sistema gulisxmobs damxmare

mosamarTleebs. nafici msajulebi maTgan imiT gansxvavdebian, rom isini

araprofesionali momsamarTleebi arian da ar sargebloben yvela im uflebiT,

riTic sargebloben profesionali mosamarTleebi. iseve rogorc, profesionali

mosamarTle ar sargeblobs yvela im uflebiT, riTic sargeblobs

araprofesionali msajuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo

warmoadgens or sasamarTlos erT saxuravs qveS. erTia faqtebis sasamarTlo,

meorea normebis Semfardebeli sasamarTlo. nafici msajulebi mxolod faqtebze

msjeloben, mosamarTle warmarTavs sasamarTlo process da normebs Seufardebs.

rac Seexeba saxalxo msajulebis instituts, igive Sefenebis instituts, iq,

marTalia, araprofesionalebi arian, magram isini sargebloben yvela im uflebiT,

riTic sargebloben profesionali mosamarTleebi. isini erTnairad pasuxismgebelni

arian da erTnairad monawileoben rogorc faqtebis dadgenaSi, ise normebis

SefardebaSi.

ra gza unda airCios saqarTvelom, rom xeli Seuwyos jansaRi, efeqtiani,

swrafi da moqnili, samarTliani marTlmsajulebis sistemis damkvidrebas. nafic

msajulTa instituts momxrec bevri hyavs da mowinaaRmdege _ kidev ufro meti.

isic sainteresoa, ra xdeba msoflioSi, nafic msajulTa raodenobis gazrdis Tu

piriqiT, Semcirebis tendenciaa. axla ukve momxseneblebs movusminoT, pirvels,

baton gigla agulaSvils gadavcem sityvas.

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gigla agulaSvili _ sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi minda Sevafaso

rogorc wingadadgmuli nabiji demokratiis gzaze da adamianis uflebebis dacvis

TvalsazrisiT. ra Tqma unda, erTia kanonSemoqmedebiTi procesi da kanonis

gamoyenebis procesi. vnaxoT, praqtika ras gvaCvenebs, magram vfiqrob, rom msgavsi

tendenciebi Seuqcevadia da imedi maqvs, es procesi praqtikazec aisaxeba.

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosTan dakavSirebiT minda movixmo jefri

abramsonis, cnobili samarTlis profesoris sityvebi: `nafic msajulTa

sasamarTlo demokratiis rogorc saukeTeso, aseve yvelaze uaresi monapovaria.~

anu, am instituts aqvs udidesi SesaZleblobebi, magram aqvs safrTxeebic. rogor

iqneba realizebuli es SesaZleblobebi da safrTxeebi, bevrad aris damokidebuli

imaze, vin da rogor axorcielebs am process. ramdenadac CemTvis cnobilia,

ramdenime weliwadia, prokurorebi, mosamarTleebi, advokatebi seriozul

swavlebas gadian imisaTvis, rom msgavs procesze gamosasvlelad unar-Cvevebi

SeiZinon. magram erTia treningebi da meorea konkretuli saqmeebi da konkretuli

adamianis bedi. cota maSfoTebs es sakiTxi, magram mainc imedi maqvs, yvelaferi

kargad iqneba. ra Tqma unda, mowinaaRmdegebis mier argumentad moyvanili iqneba is,

rom Cven patara qveyana varT, rom es Zviri procesia, rom nafici msajulebi ver

erkvevian mtkicebulebebSi, sxvadasxva Tanamedrove eqspertizebis arsSi da

SesaZloa, Secdoma dauSvan da a.S. TiToeul am arguments aqvs pasuxi. Tu

braldebis da dacvis mxare mecnieruli eniT davuwyebT laparaks nafic msajulebs,

isini bunebrivia, verafers ver gaigeben. magram normaluri komunikaciis damyarebis

SemTxvevaSi maTTvis yvelaferi gasagebi iqneba.

londonis centralur sasamarTloSi da prokuraturaSi yofnisas vnaxe, rom

arsebobs specialuri organo, romelic iuristebis mier Sekrebil mtkicebulebebs

,,Targmnis~ adamianur enaze da am saxiT awvdian nafic msajulebs. vnaxe ra Sedegi

miiRweva amiT da rogori iolad gasagebi SeiZleba iyos Tundac rTuli

eqspertizebi da saqmeebi.

nafic msajulebs `Tavisuflebis guSagebs~ uwodeben. isini arian adamianebi,

romlebsac SeuZliaT gaakontrolon xelisufleba da uari Tqvan usamarTlo

kanonis aRsrulebaze. gagaxsenebT kvakerebis saqmes, rodesac naficma msajulebma

Tqves, rom uars acxadeben usargeblo kanonis gamoyenebaze. magram saqarTvelos

sinamdvileSi minda moviyvano erTi muxli, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 372-e

prima muxli, romelic gulisxmobs mowmisa da dazaralebulis mier arsebiTad

urTierTsawinaaRmdego Cvenebis micemas. rodesac es muxli Semodioda, iniciatorTa

argumentebiT, is gamoyenebuli iqneboda moZalade policielebis winaaRmdeg. anu,

Tu policieli cemda dazaralebuls an braldebuls, da igi amis Sesaxeb miscemda

Cvenebas, Semdeg xSirad gadaTqvamda mas. am muxlis mixedviT mas gadaTqmis ufleba

erTmeoda. am muxlis TvalsazrisiT, Cemi azriT, katastrofuli mdgomareobaa.

marTalia, Cemi profesiis gamo ver viqnebi nafici msajuli, magram rom vyofiliyav,

albaT vaiZulebdi parlaments am muxlis gauqmebas. profesionali mosamarTleebi

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im motivaciiT, rom maTi moqmedeba kanonieria, miiReben im tipis gadawyvetilebebs,

rogoric aris, vTqvaT, ar visunTqoT ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi, Tuki aseTi

kanoni iarsebebs. magram nafici msajulebi aseT SemTxvevaSi ar dagvsjian. yovel

SemTxvevaSi, amis SesaZlebloba nafic msajulebTan ufro metia, vidre

profesional mosamarTleebTan.

Tan maqvs statistikuri monacemebi, romlebic gamoqveynebulia saqarTvelos

uzenaesi sasamarTlos vebgverdze. aq aris 2008 da 2009 wlis monacemebi. 2009

wels ganxilul iqna 15911 sisxlis samarTlis saqme 18778 piris mimarT, 2008

wels _ 17978 saqme 21287 piris mimarT. 2009 wels msjavrdebulia 99,6%, 2008

wels _ 98,5%. gamarTlebulia 0,1%.

maqvs masalebi, romlebic asaxavs Sua aziaSi nafic msajulTa institutis

saqmianobas. iseve rogorc ruseTSi, yazaxuri modeli kritikas ver uZlebs Tundac

im nawilSi, rom uzenaes sasamarTlos SeuZlia verdiqtis gauqmeba. miuxedavad

amisa, yazaxeTSi ganaCenebis 8%-ze meti aris gamamarTlebeli, ruseTSi es procenti

kidev ufro metia. dRevandel ruseTSi gamamarTlebeli verdiqtebi 15%-s aRwevs.

mindia ugrexeliZe _ gmadlobT. strasburgis sasamarTlom amaswinaT

ganixila `taskes saqme belgiis winaaRmdeg~ da brZana, rom nafic msajulTa

sasamarTlo am SemTxvevaSi ver CaiTvleba namdvil sasamarTlod, imitom rom iq

araferi dasabuTebuli ar aris.

modiT, SevecadoT pasuxi gavceT aseT seriozul SekiTxvebs.

oTar kaxiZe _ moxaruli var, rom aseT saintereso diskusiaSi

monawileobis saSualeba meZleva. uinston CerCilma aRniSna, rom `saukeTeso

argumenti demokratiis winaaRmdeg aris xuTwuTiani saubari saSualo

statistikur amomrCevelTan~, rac bunebrivia, rogorc argumenti demokratiis

winaaRmdeg ver gamodgeba, radgan imas, Tu ra aris samarTliani an usamarTlo,

gansazRvravs Tavad sazogadoeba. sazogadoeba afasebs, ramdenad samarTliania

kanoni, ramdenad samarTliani iyo sasamarTlo am kanonis Sefardebisas an

gamoyenebisas. amitom Zalian mniSvnelovania sazogadoebis CarTuloba da

monawileoba marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesSi.

MmTavari gamowvevebi or nawilad SeiZleba davyoT: gamowvevebi, romlebic

ukve dadga sxvadasxva qveynebis winaSe, da axali gamowvevevi, romlebic droTa

ganmavlobaSi warmoiSva. jer axal gamowvevebze visaubreb. baton mindias

daveTanxmebi, evrosasamarTloSi gadacemulia saqme, romelic exeba nafic msajulTa

verdiqtis dasabuTebulobas. mxedvelobaSi maqvs gamamtyunebeli verdiqti, vinaidan,

rogorc mogexsenebaT, gamamarTlebeli verdiqti gasaCivrebas ar eqvemdebareba.

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos SemoReba mxolod kanonis erTi an ori

muxlis CaweriT ar Semoifargleba. am yvelafris ukan aris seriozuli samuSaoebi,

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romlebic erTi mxriv dakavSirebulia sasamarTlos menejmentTan da am institutis

gamarTulad funqcionirebasTan. meore mxriv, saWiroa Sesabamisi dokumentacia.

kerZod, nafic msajulTa kiTxvari, romelic dakavSirebulia nafic msajulTa

SerCevis sxdomasTan. es aris erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi etapi. aseve

mniSvnelovania instruqciebi da verdiqtis formebi, romlebic nafic msajulebs

gadaecemaT. instruqciebi aris dokumenti, romelic mxareTa monawileobiT dgeba

mosamarTlis mier. is Seicavs zogad nawils da SeiZleba saerTo iyos yvela

saqmisTvis. aseve Seicavs konkretul sakiTxebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia

konkretul danaSaulTan, romelsac ganixilavs sasamarTlo. am instruqciebiTa da

verdiqitis formebiT unda aviciloT Tavidan is momenti, romelmac Tavi iCina

`taskes saqmeSi~. kerZod, msajulebma mSralad ar unda Tqvan, rom maT sjeraT,

rom am adamianma es Caidina. damnaSaveobis momenti unda gaiSalos verdiqtis

formaSi da instruqciebiT naTlad unda iyos ganmartebuli imisaTvis, rom naficma

msajulebma am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemiT faqtobrivad daasabuTon verdiqti. es

mniSvnelovani gamowvevaa CvenTvis da Cven SevimuSaveT instruqciebi, samodelo

varianti da verdiqtis formebi konkretuli danaSaulebis mixedviT dacvis mxaris

uSualo CarTulobiTa da monawileobiT.

rac Seexeba rTul saqmeebs, vgulisxmob sabanko TaRliTobebs,

kiberdanaSaulebs, specifiur sabuRaltro-safinanso danaSaulebs, pilotur

reJimSi aseTi tipis saqmeebs nafici msajulebi ar ganixilaven, magram mainc

gasaTvaliswinebelia. am SemTxvevaSi albaT eqspertebze unda gakeTdes aqcenti. rac

mTavaria, msajulebs gasageb enaze unda ganemartoT, raSi vdebT brals moqalaqes,

romelic zis braldebulis skamze. nafici msajulebi am moqalaqis adgilze

warmoidgenen Tavs, braldebulsac aqvs imedi Tavisnairebis. igi elis misi

saqcielis gagebas.

am axali gamowvevebis garda arsebobs tradiciuli problemebi, romlebic

dakavSirebulia nafic msajulTa sasamarTloze SesaZlo zewolasTan, nafici

msajulebis mimarT muqaraze, mediis SesaZlo gavlenaze maTze, magram am yvelafers

aqvs Tavisi Sesabamisi dazRvevis meqanizmebi, romlebic asaxulia saproceso

kodeqsSi. am problemebs yvela erTad unda gavumklavdeT, mTeli sazogadoeba,

arasamTavrobo seqtori, saxelisuflebo wreebi.

mindia ugrexeliZe _ didi madloba, magram rac Cven gvainteresebs, imaze

jer ver mivaRwieT pasuxs. amitom gTxovT, konkretul kiTxvas vupasuxoT: ratom

gaxda saqarTveloSi saWiro nafic msajulTa institutis SemoReba. saqarTveloSi

arsebobda raRac sistema. magaliTa sabWoTa kavSiris dros arsebobda asesoratis,

saxalxo msajulebis instituti. es sistema Semdeg Seicvala profesional

iuristTa sasamarTloTi. axla isev icvleba sistema. mainteresebs Tqveni xedva,

ratom gaxda aucilebeli nafic msajulTa institutis SemoReba.

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oTar kaxiZe _ Sevecdebi vupasuxo am kiTxvas. zustad da kompetenturad

ver gamovxatav sakanonmdeblo organos pozicias. es argumentacia ganmartebiT

baraTSi warmodgenili gaxlavT da moicavs Semdeg momentebs: saerTo samarTlis

qveynebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli SejibrebiTi procesis nawili, nafic msajulTa

sasamarTlo, rodesac gvyavs mosamarTle, romelic aris miukerZoebeli arbitri da

ar monawileobs mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevis procesSi.

mindia ugrexeliZe _ magram iq, sadac ar aris nafic msajulTa instituti,

ar aris SejibrebiTi procesi?

oTar kaxiZe _ axali saproceso kodeqsis miRebamde CvenTan ar yofila

SejibrebiTi procesi. vinaidan, Cemi azriT, SejibrebiTi procesi ar gvaqvs,

rodesac advokati mimarTavs prokurors da gamomZiebels SuamdgomlobiT

sagamoZiebo procesis Catarebaze. SejibrebiTi procesi arc maSin gvaqvs, rodesac

mosamarTle kiTxavs mowmes da mowmis pasuxi aucileblad aZlevs romelime mxares

xels, da mosamarTle uneburad ixreba romelime mxarisken. SejibrebiToba ar

gvaqvs, rodesac dazaralebulia mxare da dacvas uwevs or bralmdebelTan

gamklaveba da arc maSin aris SejibrebiToba, rodesac mosamarTle raRac

mtkicebulebebs gamoTqvams.

Mmeore sakiTxi, ris gamoc mniSvnelovania nafici msajulebis institutis

SemoReba, aris sazogadoebis CarTulobis uzrunvelyofa marTlmsajulebis

ganxorcielebis procesSi.

Semdegi sakiTxia danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi sazogadoebis

mxridan pasuxismgeblobis aReba sakuTar Tavze. sazogadoebis CarTuloba aris

sazogadoebis interesis dakmayofileba, meorea, rodesac sazogadoebam

pasuxismgebloba unda aiRos.

aseve mniSvnelovani sakiTxia marTlmsajulebis sistemis mimarT da kanonis

uzenaesobis mimarT rwmenis amaRleba sazogadoebaSi.

gigla agulaSvili _ CamoTvlil argumentebs veTanxmebi. bolo wlebis

sociologiuri kvlevebi aCvenebda, rom sasamarTloebisadmi, profesionali

mosamarTleebis mier ganxorcielebuli marTlmsajulebisadmi ndobis reitingi 4%-

is farglebSi iyo. axla viTareba SedarebiT ukeTesia. erTxel erT-erT kvlevaSi

paradoqsuli situacia iyo _ kanonier qurdebs da sasamarTloebs Tanabari ndobis

reitingi hqondaT.

kaxa wiqariSvili _ miuxedavad imisa, rom nafic msajulTa institutTan

dakavSirebiT konstituciaSi cvlileba jer kidev 2004 wels Sevida, kiTxva,

gvWirdeba Tu ara es instituti, da ratom Semogvaqvs igi, mainc aqtualuria.

ramdenime sakiTxi minda gamovyo.

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rodesac Tvals gadavavlebT saerTaSoriso literaturas nafic msajulTa

sasamarTlos Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac SevxedavT amerikul gamocdilebas,

vnaxavT Semdegs. aris aseTi avtori, saerTaSoriso eqsperti nafic msajulTa

sferoSi, gansakuTrebiT SedarebiTi mimoxilvis kuTxiT, neil bigmari, romelic

ambobs, rom msoflioSi aris nafic msajulTa sistemis gauqmebis an Semcirebis

tendencia.

mindia ugrexeliZe _ es tendencia yvelasTvis cnobilia, sxva ufro

mniSvnelovani eqsperti aravin gaxsendebaT?

kaxa wiqariSvili _ amave avtoris TqmiT, amerikaSi es instituti imitom

aris Rrmad fexmokidebuli, rom amas amyarebs amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

konstitucia, romelic mogexsenebaT, Zalian stabiluria, aseve amerikeli xalxis

undobloba saxelmwifos mimarT. anu, amerikeli xalxi imdenad ver egueba

saxelmwifos dominirebas marTlmsajulebaze, rom mas boWavs nafic msajulTa

meSveobiT.

nafic msajulTa institutis SemoRebiT Cvenc vaRiareT, rom ar vendobiT

saxelmwifos da gvinda Cvensa da saxelmwifos Soris iyos moqalaqe, anu msajuli.

ra tendenciebTan modis SeusabamobaSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo _

marTlsamjulebis efeqturobis da ekonomikurobis principTan, riskenac midis

Tanamedrove msoflio. ekonomikurobis principi Zalian mniSvnelovania da

gulisxmobs menejmentze orientirebul midgomas. es ki imas niSnavs, rom rac

SeiZleba naklebi resursiT meti saqme gavakeToT. marTlmsajulebaSi xdeba

ekonomikurobis principis win wamoweva. magaliTad, aris ramdenime rekomendacia

evrosabWos farglebSi, romelis mixedviTac, saqme sasurvelia ganixilos ara

kolegiam, aramed erTma mosamarTlem.

meore tendencia marTlmsajulebis kuTxiT mTel msoflioSi aris

marTlmsajulebis profesionalizacia. evrosabWos aqvs rekomendaciebi am kuTxiT,

rom moxdes mosamarTleTa specializeba viwro profesionalizaciis mixedviT.

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo orive princips ewinaaRmdegeba, magram mTavari

argumenti, rac am instituts amyarebs, rogorc Cans, aris undobloba saxelmwifos

mimarT. meore da Zalian mniSvnelovani, aris sazogadoebis CarTuloba. veTanmxebi

im azrs, rom SejibrebiTobis principi nafic msajulTa institutSi gamokveTilia.

rac Seexeba TviTon sisxlis samarTlis process, saxelwifom faqtobrivad

Tqva, rom mas aRar aqvs WeSmaritebis dadgenis funqcia da WeSmariteba xalxma

unda daadginos.

SeiZleba bevri argumenti arsebobs nafic msajulTa institutis winaaRmdeg,

magram me mainc mxars vuWer saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa institutis danergvas,

imitom rom CvenTan marTlmsajulebis mimarT sazogadoebrivi cnobireba unda

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amaRldes, da radgan amdeni xnis ganmavlobaSi ver movaxerxeT iseTi sasamarTlos

Seqmna, romelsac xalxi endoboda, marTlmsajuleba TviTon xalxs unda gadavceT

da am gziT avamaRloT ndoba sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mimarT.

mindia ugrexeliZe _ didi madloba. radgan avtoritetebze Camovarda

saubari, mec davasaxeleb ramdenime mecniers. aris aseTi frangi mecnieri Jan

prabeli, romlis SedarebiTi samarTali saqveynod aris cnobili. Tavis cnobil

naSromSi `SedarebiTi sisxlis samarTali~ Jan prabeli ambobs: `dRes naklebad

gamoiyeneba araprofesionalTa monawileoba, me-19 saukunidan Tmobs poziciebs’’.

misive TqmiT, igi `regressac ganicdis~. sxvagan wers, rom `Jiuris SemoReba

marcxiT damTavrda~. es yvelaferi imiT aris saintereso, rom Cven unda

davelaparakoT sakuTar Tavs da viRacis SekveTiT ar unda vimoqmedoT.

bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva, Tuki Semcirebis tendencia midis, Cven ratom

Semogvaqvs axla es instituti. vidre am kiTxvaze naTel, damajerebel pasuxs ar

gavcemT, manamde ndobaze laparaki zedmetia.

Semdegi avtoria ieSeki. is gaxlavT Zalian didi germaneli mecnieri da isic

igives ambobs.

giorgi SavliaSvili _ aq dasaxelda argumentebi, romelTa gamoc sisxlis

samarTlis axali saproceso kodeqsi iqna miRebuli. amaze mniSvnelovani ZiriTadi

argumentebi Cemi azriT ar arsebobs. kidev erTxel unda gavimeoro ZiriTadi

sakiTxebi: is, rom sazogadoebas saqarTveloSi uWirs samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis

aReba. adamiani, rodesac xdeba nafici msajuli, valdebulia aiRos samoqalaqo

pasuxismgebloba sakuTar Tavze. gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg pirnaTeli unda

iyos sakuTari Tavis, RmerTis da ojaxis winaSe. amaswinaT Catarda imitirebuli

sasamarTlo procesi nafici msajulebis SerCevis efeqturobis Sesamowmeblad. Cemi

azriT, es procesi warmatebuli iyo. nafici msajulebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom

procesi imitirebuli iyo, Zalian gulisxmierni iyvnen.

Zalian mniSvnelovania aseve samarTlebrivi azrovnebis ganviTareba, rac

drouli da saWiroa saqarTveloSi. nafic msajulTa institutis SemoReba

samarTlebrivi azrovnebis amaRlebis donis erT-erTi efeqturi meTodic gaxlavT.

xSirad amboben, rom mosamarTlem ar miiRo swori gadawyvetileba, da mas zemdgom

instanciaSi asaCivreben. rodesac adamianebi Tavad miiReben monawileobas

sasamarTlo procesSi, mixvdebian ratom xdeba aseTi gadawyvetilebebis miReba.

rac Seexeba imas, ramdenad gamarTlebulia am institutis SemoReba, an

rogoria nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosadmi midgoma msoflioSi, geTanxmebiT, arian

qveynebi, sadac aRar aqvT nafic msajulTa instituti. magram amisi mizezi

ZiriTadad is iyo, rom nafici msajulebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi xSir

SemTxvevaSi usamarTlo an dausabuTebeli iyo. amaze SeiZleba gamoiTqvas sxvadasxva

mosazrebebi. ver vityodi, rom amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi nafic msajulTa

9

instituti an ar ver muSaobs. amerikel xalxs demokratiis ganviTarebis erT-erT

mniSvnelovan bazisad miaCnia nafic msajulTa institutis arseboba. swored es

gamocdileba gvaZlevs safuZvels, rom nafic msajulTa institutma unda imuSaos

saqarTveloSi da unda miviRoT is dadebiTi Sedegebi, razec aris orientirebuli

misi SemoReba.

mindia ugrexeliZe _ didi madloba. piradad me miCndeba kiTxva,

araprofesionalma msajulma profesionali mosamarTlis saqmianobaze metad rogor

unda aamaRlos samarTlebrivi kultura.

kidev erTi SekiTxva maqvs, oRond darbazSi Sekrebili sazogadoebis mimarT.

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sazogadoeba Tuki raimeTi amayobs, es aris

damoukideblobis deklaracia. es aris jefersonis mier dawerili araCveulebrivi

dokumenti, romelic Semdgom safuZvlad daedo amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

mTel politikur cxovrebas. es dokumenti aris imis dasabuTeba, Tu ratom

gadawyvita cametma koloniam, rom inglisis mmarTvelobisgan daeRwia Tavi.

amerikelebi imiT amayoben, rom maT ubralod ki ar ganacxades amis Sesaxeb, aramed

daasabuTes kidec TavianTi gadawyvetileba. dasabuTeba aris umniSvnelovanesi

elementi ndobis asamaRleblad. amitom gekiTxebiT, rodis ufro amaRldeba

sasamarTlo verdiqtisadmi da gadawyvetilebisadmi sazogadoebis ndoba, roca

dasabuTebulad ityvian vinmeze rom damnaSavea an ar aris damnaSave, Tu

dausabuTeblad?

axla baton vaxtang xmalaZes movusminoT.

vaxtang xmalaZe _ didi madloba. is, ris Tqmasac vapireb, aris im codnis

da dafiqrebis Sedegi, rac am sakiTxze mifiqria. ar vapireb avtoritetebis

moxmobas. sasamarTlo sistemis mizani samarTlianobis miRwevaa. yvelaferi

danarCeni aris is saSualebebi, romlebmac unda mogvces SesaZlebloba, mivaRwioT

simarTlis dadgenas. rogori sistemac ar unda movigonoT, yvelas eqneba Tavisi

dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. yoveli axali institutis SemoRebas moaqvs

raRaca dadebiTi Sedegebi da SesaZloa, man uaryofiTi riskebic gaaCinos. amitom,

rodesac raimes SemoRebas vapirebT, unda aviRoT saswori da avwondavwonoT es

yvelaferi. SevxedoT, romeli gadawonis da is avirCioT.

sayovelTaod cnobilia is, rom nafic msajulTa institutis SemoReba

aZvirebs sasamarTlos xarjebs, zrdis samarTlianobis miRwevis xarjebs da ufro

xangrZlivs xdis process. magram piradad CemTvis es yvelaze naklebad uaryofiTi

mxarea. Tu meqneba didi albaToba imisa, rom am sistemis SemoReba xels Seuwyobs

samarTlianobis miRwevas, mzad var, rogorc gadasaxadebis gadamxdeli, es fuli

gadavixado.

rodesac saubari iyo am sistemis SemoRebis aucileblobaze, argumentad iyo

moyvanili SejibrebiTobis uzrunvelyofa. mec viziareb im azrs, rom nafic

10

msajulTa sasamarTloSi SejibrebiTobis procenti maqsimumamdea ayvanili. Tumca,

aqve imasac vityvi, rom tradiciul sasamarTloebSic, procesi SesaZloa imgvarad

iyos organizebuli, rom SejibrebiTobis xarisxi maqsimumade iyos gazrdili. imis

Tqmac, rom am SejibrebiTobis drosac SesaZlebelia mosamarTlem gadaxaros joxi

romelime mxares, es aqac SesaZlebelia. aviRoT magaliTad iseTi SemTxveva,

rodesac mosamarTle ambobs, rom mxareebis mier moyvanili esa Tu is mtkicebuleba

ar unda miiCnion mtkicebulebad da unda daiviwyon. magram warmoidgineT, rom

nafici msajuli var da es ukve movismine, rogor fiqrobT, CemSi ar datovebda

kvals ukve mosmenili? is ar imoqmedebs Cems saboloo gadawyvetilebaze?

araprofesionalizmze saubrisas gaviTvaliswinoT, rom bevri ram

SefasebiTia. kanonSi weria, rom raRac aris danaSauli, magram Cemi cnobierebisTvis

is ar aris danaSauli, an Zalian umniSvnelo danaSaulia da is sxva moqmedebiT

aris gamowveuli. aseTi cnobiereba ar aris CvenSi? da is ar imoqmedebs verdiqtze

xelis moweris dros? da amiT xom ar miviRebT iseT Sedegs, rom damnaSave

gamarTldes da udanaSaulo daisajos? imitom rom es piriqiTac SeiZleba iyos.

raRac SeiZleba kanoniT ar iyos danaSauli, magram Cemi msoflmxedvelobiT

danaSaulad mimaCndes. ase rom Teoriulad sworia, rom am procesSi sazogadoebis

CarTviT is sakuTar Tavze iRebs pasuxismgeblobas, magram ritorikul kiTxvas

davsvam: gana sazogadoeba arCevnebis saxiT CarTuli ar aris saxelmwifo

xelisuflebis formirebis procesSi da gana amiT sazogadoebis pasuximgebloba

gazrdilia?

rac Seexeba marTlmsajulebisadmi ndobis amaRlebas, es kodeqsi jerjerobiT

erTi muxlis mixedviT amoqmeddeba. am muxlis mixedviT albaT statistikurad

SegviZlia vTqvaT, ramdenia danaSaulis raodenoba. weliwadSi daaxloebiT 25-30

TbilisSi. e.i. gamodis, rom nafici msajulebi daaxloebiT 30 saqmeSi Caerevian,

danarCen 15 aTas saqmeSi _ vera. ramdenad Seuwyobs es xels ndobis amaRlebas. 90-

iani wlebis bolos, roca sasamarTlos pirveli reforma daiwyo, maSindel

gamokiTxvebs Tu naxavT, daaxloebiT 2003-04 wlamde ndobis xarisxi sasamarTlos

mimarT izrdeboda. mere daiwyo kleba. vnaxoT, ramdeni iyo gamamarTlebeli

gadawyvetileba procentulad. rogori iyo im periodSi da imis mere. anu, mizezebi

sxvagan unda veZeboT.

erT argumentze ar yofila saubari, magram bevrjer momismenia mis Sesaxeb.

is, rom gansasjelsa da xelisuflebas Soris dgas nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo,

aris garkveuli garantia imisa, rom xelisuflebis zemoqmedeba samarTlis

aRsrulebaze Semcirebuli iqneba. magram ramdenad varT garantirebulni imisagan,

rom Tu xelisufleba Tavs uflebas aZlevs zemoqmedeba moaxdinos mosamarTleze,

romelsac aqvs dacvis kanonismieri bevri garantia, amisgan Tavis dacva nafici

msajulebiT gvinda, romlebze zemoqmedebis gacilebiT meti SesaZlebloba aqvs

xelisuflebas?

11

da bolos, iseT patara qveyanaSi, rogoric saqarTveloa, CvenSi arsebuli

cnobierebis, mentalobis gaTvaliswinebiT, ramdenad iqneba nafici msajulebis

gadawyvetilebebi obieqturi.

mindia ugrexeliZe _ didi madloba. axla ukve SegiZliaT SekiTxvebis dasma.

kanoni ukve miRebulia, axla kargi iqneba iseT Temebze saubari, romelic Cvens

sazogaodebas daexmareba am procesSi CarTvaSi.

Tako faradaSvili, Jurnali `liberali~ _ rogorc cnobilia,

sazogadoebaSi arsebobs garkveuli Temebis mimarT winaswarganwyobebi. magaliTad

homoseqsualebis, ieRovelebis mimarT. ramdenad iqneba gansasjeli daculi imisgan,

rom nafic msajulTagan vinmem gadawyvetilebis miRebisas ar ixelmZRvanelos aseTi

winaswarganwyobebiT.

meore SekiTxva exeba ganaTlebis dones. rogor unda gansajon naficma

msajulebma aseTi rTuli sakiTxebi.

aseve mainteresebs, qveynebSi, sadac amcireben nafic msajulTa ricxvs, ra

gaxda amisi mizezi?

giorgi SavliaSvili _ aseTi sakiTxebi unda gamoikveTos nafic msajulTa

SesarCev sxdomaze. am sxdomaze pasuxis gacemis dros adamianebi valdebulebi arian

iyvnen gulwrfelebi da obieqturebi. SemTxveviTi SerCevis wesiT SerCeul

adamianebs egzavnebaT kiTxvari, romelsac pasuxi unda gascen. maTi pasuxebis

gacnobis Semdeg orive mxares aqvs ufleba am adamianis midrekilebebis gamo misi

acileba moiTxovos. es acileba SeiZleba iyos dausabuTebeli.

oTar kaxiZe _ Tu braldebuls ar unda nafici msajulebi, veravin

daaZalebs, rom misi saqme naficma msajulebma ganixilon. garda amisa, nafici

msajulebis korpusi pirdapir saxlidan ar modis sasamarTloze. isini jer

eswrebian SesarCev sxdomas, sadac mxareebi sruli SejibrebiTobis pirobebSi

utareben maT gamokiTxvas.

giorgi CxeiZe _ Cemi SekiTxva exeba mosamarTles. Zalian bevrs saubroben

nafici msajulebis rolze da Zalian mcires mosamarTlis rolze am procesSi. am

Temaze ar msjeloben. me Tu mkiTxavT, mosamarTlis roli izrdeba. Tumca

saqarTveloSi dRes iuristebis umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom mosamarTlis roli

mcirdeba.

CemTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso iqneboda uzenaesi sasamarTlos

mosamarTlis mosazreba am sakiTxze.

giorgi SavliaSvili _ geTanxmebiT, xSirad gaigonebT imis Sesaxeb, rom

axali saproceso kodeqsiT mosamarTlis roli dakninebulia. magram Tu am

sakiTxebs CavuRrmavdebiT, vnaxavT, rom izrdeba mosamarTlis pasuxismgebloba da

12

Sesabamisad, rolic. misi pasuxismgebloba pirvel rigSi imiT izrdeba, rom man

unda uzrunvelyos SejibrebiTobis principis dacva.

gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom mas Zalian mcire dro aqvs imisTvis, rom

nafic msajulTa kandidatebs da SemdgomSi ukve nafic msajulebs misces

samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb aucilebeli ganmartebebi.

giga Wkadua, studenti _ mainteresebs, ramdenad aris daculi nafici

msajuli zewolisgan da meore, Tu aris cnobili imis Sesaxeb, rom nafic msajuls

angarebis mizniT gamoeyenebinos esa Tu is verdiqti.

oTar kaxiZe _ nafici msajulis mimarT ganxorcielebuli muqara an misi

sicocxlis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli nebismieri qmedeba umkacresad iqneba dasjili. am

mimarTulebiT sisxlis samarTlis politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebSi,

romlebic daamtkica iusticiis ministrma, xazgasmulia, rom nafici msajulis an

nafici msajulobis kandidatis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli nebismieri moqmedeba

umkacresad iqneba dasjili, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin ganaxorcielebs am qmedebas,

xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli Tu sxva dainteresebuli piri. amave dros iseve

rogorc mosamarTlesTan, nafic msajulTanac komunikacia saqmesTan dakavSirebiT

akrZalulia.

vaxtang xmalaZe _ me gansxvavebuli mosazreba maqvs. Cemi azriT, im

garemoSi, romelSic vcxovrobT, nafici msajulis dacvis xarisxi Zalian dabalia.

ar vgulisxmob mxolod xelisuflebis mxridan zemoqmedebas. es SeiZleba iyos

mezobeli, naTesavi, axlobeli. dameTanxmebiT, rac unda maRali iyos sanqcia

nebismier danaSaulze, ar gvicavs imisagan, rom es danaSauli mainc moxdes. aseve,

isic, rom nafic msajulze zemoqmedeba dasjadia, ar gvicavs imisgan, rom aseT

zemoqmedebas ar hqondes adgili.

kavkasiis media skolis studenti _ yofil patimars Tu aqvs ufleba gaxdes

nafici msajuli?

mindia ugrexeliZe _ amaze pasuxi cxadia. is, rom odesRac patimari iyavi,

arafers niSnavs, sasjelis moxdis Semdeg aseTi adamiani uTanabrdeba sxva

moqalaqeebs, xdeba misi resocializacia da mosamarTlec SegiZlia gaxde, araTu

nafici msajuli.

kavkasiis media skolis studenti _ Tuki sasamarTlo ganixilavs imave

tipis saqmes, ris gamoc aqvs sasjeli moxdili am adamians, maSin rogor iqcevian?

mindia ugrexeliZe _ ra Tqma unda, aseT SemTxvevaSi ar aris sasurveli am

adamianma miiRos monawileoba procesSi.

oTar kaxiZe _ es aris erT-erTi pirdapiri safuZveli am piris

acilebisTvis.

13

maia xuciSvili, `axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia~ _ miuxedavad imisa, rom

saxelmwifos mier moqalaqeebisTvis nafic msajulTa institutis Sesaxeb

darigebul bukletebSi Zalian kargad aris ganmartebuli es procesi, moqalaqeebi

mainc xSirad gvekiTxebian, gavrceldeba Tu ara nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo maT

mimarT damdgar ganaCenze.

batonma oTarma Tqva, rom mosamarTlis mxridan naTlad unda iyos axsnili

intruqciebi. magram ra garantia gvaqvs, rom nafici msajulebi swored ise gaigeben

Tqvens naTqvams, rogorc etyviT?

oTar kaxiZe _ garantiebi, ra Tqma unda, ar gvaqvs. Tumca intruqciebi

muSavdeba mxareTa monawileobiT, CarTulobiT.

giorgi CifCiuri, `saqarTvelos axalgazrda konstitucionalistTa

asociacia~ _ Cemi azriT, yvelaze seriozuli riski imaSi mdgomareobs, rom

iuristebs ufro metad movuwodebT gaxdnen kargi oratorebi da ara

profesionalebi. vinc kargi oratori iqneba, is moigebs Tormeti nafici msajulis

guls.

mindia ugrexeliZe _ es absoluturad gasagebi da realizebuli safrTxea

da araerTi magaliTis moyvanac SeiZleba. mWevrmetyvelebis ganviTarebam

WeSmaritebis dadgenas SeiZleba SeuSalos kidec xeli.

maia xuciSvili, `axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia~ _ SekiTxva maqvs nafic

msajulTa socialur garantiebTan dakavSirebiT. kanonSi Cadebulia, rom sajaro

samsaxuris warmomadgenlebs unarCundebaT samsaxuric da anazRaurebac. magram es

ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli kerZo seqtoris SemTxvevaSi. xom ar irRveva amiT

adamianis uflebebi?

mindia ugrexeliZe _ am sakiTxze iyo ganmartebebi. ra Tqma unda,

sirTuleebi iqneba, gansakuTrebiT roca saqme kerZo seqtors exeba. rasakvirvelia,

saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos aseTi sakiTxebi kerZo seqtorTan mimarTebaSic.

oTar kaxiZe _ SesaZloa momzaddes kanonproeqti, romlis mixedviTac, iseve

rogorc rezervists unarCundeba samsaxuri, SeunarCundes igi nafic msajulsac.

minda im dazRvevis meqanizmebze visaubro, romlebic kodeqsSi devs. batonma

vaxtangma aRniSna, ra xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac nafici msajuli Seityobs

mtkicebulebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, magram es dauSvebeli mtkicebulebaa. kodeqsSi

devs norma, romelic aZlevs mosamarTles saSualebas gaauqmos gamamtyunebeli

verdiqti, Tu igi mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas ewinaaRmdegeba. anu, braldebulis

interesebi aqac daculia.

14

vaxtang xmalaZe _ me vgulisxmobdi mtkicebulebas, romelic braldebulis

gamarTlebisTvis aris wardgenili da mosamarTlem igi dauSvebel mtkicebulebad

cno.

oTar kaxiZe _ Tu kanonis darRveviT aris mopovebuli gamamarTlebeli

mtkicebuleba, is mainc dasaSvebad CaiTvleba. am SemTxvevaSi braldebulis

kanonieri interesebia amosavali wertili. rodesac braldebuli iseTi

avtoritetia, SeuZlebelia miukerZoeblobis uzrunvelyofa, saqmis ganmxilveli

sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, aseve uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris

TanxmobiT, SesaZlebelia, aseT saqmeze saerTod ar Catardes nafic msajulTa

sasamarTlo da saqme mosamarTlem ganixilos.

yvelaze mniSvnelovani kritika dRes batoni vaxtangisgan movismine, rodesac

man dasva kiTxva, ratom unda exebodeT nafic msajulebs mxolod 109-e muxli.

imitom rom logikurad sazogadoebisgan unda modiodes iniciativa, rom yvela

muxlze vrceldebodes nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo.

xelisuflebas aRmoaCnda politikuri neba, rom marTlmsajulebis

aRsrulebaSi CarTos sazogadoeba da sazogadoebam es aucileblad unda gamoiyenos,

unda moiTxovos misi gavrceleba sxva muxlebzec, sxva raionebzec. Cven vawarmoebT

cnobierebis amaRlebis kampanias da Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobis

86% dadebiTad aris ganwyobili am institutis mimarT, 40%-mde mosaxleobisa

Tavad aris mzad, rom iyos nafici msajuli. es aris damoukidebeli socoilogiuri

kompaniis mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebi da adasturebs am kampaniis

efeqturobas. imeds gamovTqvam, rom es instituti warmatebiT imuSavebs Tqveni

monawileobiT da daxmarebiT.

mindia ugrexeliZe _ didi madloba Cvens momxseneblebs. diskusia

dasrulebulia.